第4讲：名词与主谓一致+题型组合练【暑假辅导班】2021年新高一英语暑假课程(解析版)

1、优点英语考查名词的数与格1不定冠词a，an 后用名词单数形式。2有 some，many，all，both 等词修饰时名词用复数形式。3名词前有one of 时，名词用复数形式。4谓语动词是复数，名词作主语时确定名词为复数。5名词的所有格：主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，其变化方法如下：构成例词一般是名词词尾加smikes computer 迈克的电脑以-s 或-es 结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加students reading room学生阅览室词尾不带 -(e)s 的复数名词，仍加schildren s game孩子们的游戏women s day妇女节6.熟记名词的数：(1)可数名词的数可数

2、名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加-s 或-es，规则的复数构成形式如下：知识点睛第 4 讲名词与主谓一致+ 题型组合优点英语变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加-stable tablespark parks以 -s、 -x、 -ch、-sh 结尾的名词在词尾加 -esbus busesbox boxeswish wisheswatch watches以辅音字母加-y 结尾的名词将-y 变为 -i 再加 -esfamily familiesbutterflybutterfliesdictionarydictionaries以元音字母加-y 结尾的名词在词尾直接加

3、-sday daysholidayholidaysmonkeymonkeys以-o 结尾的名词一般在词尾加-sphoto photosradio radios有些在词尾加 -espotato potatoestomato tomatoes以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词一般变 -f 或 -fe 为-v，再加 -esknife kniveswife wiveslife livesleaf leaves优点英语少数直接加 -sroof roofsbelief beliefs有些名词复数形式不是以加-s 或 -es构成，它们的不规则构成形式如下：变化规则例词变内部元音man menwoman women

4、foot feetmouse micetooth teeth词尾加 -en或-renox oxenchild children单复数同形fish，sheep，deer，means(方式；方法 )，series, chinese, swiss名词前有man 或 woman 修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman 和中心词都要变成复数形式。man doctor men doctors 男医生woman worker women workers女工(2)不可数名词的数一般来说， 物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或 an 修饰。 通常只用作不可数名词的名词有：milk

5、 ，music， homework ， housework， weather, news, butter, information ， bread，advice，progress，orange juice(橙汁 )，equipment，meat，fun，luggage，luck，work( 工作 ), traffic, furniture ，wealth，word(消息 )，room(空间 )，man(人类 )等。word 意为 “ 消息 ” ，room 意为 “ 空间 ” ， man 意为 “ 人类 ” 时，通常不带任何修饰词。word came that the meeting will

6、be held on friday.有消息称会议将于周五召开。优点英语练习：1she has turned down several _(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.invitations解析： invitation“邀请 ” 是可数名词，其前有several 修饰，应用复数形式。2last october, while tending her garden in mora, sweden, lena pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _(ca

7、rrot) and was about to throw them away.carrots解析： carrot 是可数名词，根据a handful of“一把 ” 可知，应用复数形式。3the nursery team switches him every few _(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed.days解析： every few 可数名词复数，意为“ 每隔 ” 。4now i m feeling regretful and disturbed. i m not sure whether a compu

8、ter s repair shop can get the documents back._.computer s computer 解析：考查名词，computer 在此为名词作定语。5. once i broke a neighbor window. seeing nobody around, i ran away immediately._.neighbor neighbors解析：考查名词所有格形式。此处用名词所有格形式作定语，修饰名词window。名词的词性转换1根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词。名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示词在句

9、中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。2根据语境来判断是否需要填名词。名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后。3填名词时，一定要注意单复数及拼写。练习：1this development was only possible with the _(introduce) of electric-powered engines and roduction解析：空格前是冠词，空格后是of 所有格，故此处用名词形式。2but for tourists like me, pandas are its top _(attract) 优点英语attraction解析：根据前面的i

10、ts 及形容词top “头等的；最重要的” 可知，后面跟名词形式。3then, handle the most important tasks first so you ll feel a real sense of _(achieve)achievement解析：介词of 后应用名词作宾语。此处achievement 表抽象意义，意为“ 成就感 ” ，故用单数形式。4some people think that the great chinese scholar confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 bc., influenced the

11、_(develop) of chopsticks.development解析：根据空格前面的the 可知，所填词应用名词形式。考查主谓一致(一)主谓一致的基础“3 原则 ”主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。1语法一致原则(1)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。the leader and art

12、ist as well as some of our english teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。my father, together with his workmates, has been to beijing.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。(2)and, both.and. 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。her teacher and her friends are in

13、the sitting-room.她的老师和朋友都在客厅。the poet and writer has produced many works.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。2就近一致原则优点英语(1)由 or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also. 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)由 there，here引

14、起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。there are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room.房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。3意义一致原则(1) “ no/each/every/many a单数名词 andno/each/every/many a单数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所从事的职

15、业感到骄傲。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。(二)主谓一致的3种特殊情况1“ many a/more than one 单数名词 ” 作主语，谓语动词用单数。many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。2all ，the rest，the remaining/part. 主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意

16、义而定。the first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was dull.讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。3“ 几分之几 /百分之几 of名词 ” 结构作主语时，一般根据of 后名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。about one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3 值得一读。优点英语only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。练习：1nowadays, cycling, along

17、with jogging and swimming, _(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.is regarded解析：三种锻炼形式与动词regard 之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语后有along with 连接的短语时，谓语动词的数应与主语保持一致，即与cycling一致，此处谓语动词应用单数形式，故填is regarded。2leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be) often acceptable.is解析：分析句子结构可知，句中动名词短语l

18、eaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语，故谓语动词用单数。3as the saying go, “ united we stand; divided we fall.” _go goes解析：句中的主语是the saying，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4she took the lift to the eleventh floor, and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was._was were解析：在 where 引导的宾语从句中，主语是 he

19、r desk and her computer， 谓语动词须用复数形式。5. you are the most considerate person who know exactly what i need in our class._know knows解析： know 是定语从句中的谓语动词，其形式由先行词person 确定。由于person 是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。6 each student learn a foreign language, mostly english, from day one of their compulsory education._learn

20、learns 解析：主语是each student，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 单句语法填空经典精讲优点英语1if we are not aware of these differences, some unusual _(thing) might happen.things解析：考查名词的数。根据该句中的some 可知，可数名词thing 应用复数形式。2driven by the _(curious) in my heart, i came to china and took part in a cruise(乘船度假 ) along part of the river last yea

21、r.curiosity解析：考查名词。 curious 为形容词， 由前面的冠词the 可知，此处应用名词； driven by the curiosity意为 “ 受好奇心驱使” 。3nothing i did seemed to make any _(different). “ it can t be the fuel，” i thought.difference解析：考查名词。make any difference 为固定搭配，意为“ 有任何影响 ” 。4“ alaya, you don t have to do this if you don t want to. nobody is

22、forcing you.” though i said i wasn t going to do it, my _(foot) carried me toward the pool.feet解析：考查名词复数。foot 是可数名词，且没有被冠词修饰，故用复数形式。5portman s educational background has influenced one of her _(project) projects解析： one of 后接可数名词的复数形式，表示“ 之一 ” ，故填 projects。6more than one doctor _(be) involved in the

23、rescue that took place after the earthquake.was解析：句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“ more than one 可数名词单数” 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。7computer game _(design) often create interesting video games to tempt players to keep playing.designers解析：根据句意可知此处表示“ 电子游戏的设计者” ，同时根据谓语动词create 可知，需用复数形式，故

24、填designers。8i would appreciate it if you could take me into _(consider). looking forward to receiving your reply.consideration解析：句意：如果你能考虑我，我将不胜感激。盼望收到你的回复。介词into 后需加名词形式。此处o consideration( 考虑到 )为固定短语。9he has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which _(be) of great help.is解析：句意：

25、他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空前的has donated可知此处应用一般现优点英语在时。故填is。10 professor james will give us a lecture on western culture, and he as well as his assistants _(be) to arrive by air.is解析：句意： 詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面

26、主语保持一致。 单句改错1 about one thousand graduates took exams for it, but only a few was chosen and i was one of them._ _第一个 waswere解析：根据主语only a few 可知，谓语动词用复数形式。2friendship is very important to everyone, especially to me. now, i would like to describe one of my best friends whose name are petou._are is 解析

27、：考查主谓一致。whose 引导的定语从句的先行词是代词“ one”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。3considering my case, my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a short-term goal to improve my math._approach approaches 解析：考查名词的数。approach作 “ 方法 ” 讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。4 when the boy sang a song with his guitar, al

28、l the judge were astonished by his talent._ _judge judges 解析：考查名词的数。根据该句中的all 和谓语动词were 可知，所有的评委都对他的天赋感到惊讶，故用复数形式。5what was worse, many tourists threw rubbishes here and there._rubbishes rubbish解析：考查名词。rubbish 作“ 垃圾 ” 讲，为不可数名词。6. then we went to some other famous tourist attraction, like the great w

29、all._attraction attractions 解析：考查名词的数。attraction 作 “ 吸引人之物 ” 讲时，为可数名词，根据该句中的 some 可知，此处指多个旅游景点，故用复数形式。7we were very happy to help each other and have lots of funs._ _优点英语funs fun 解析： fun 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。8 the airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the friendship hotel._minute mi

30、nutes 解析： minute 前面有数词30 修饰，应用复数形式。. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空what does it come under?if youre dieting there are certain 1 (food) you really have to avoid: 2 (cake) and 3 (biscuit) are out for a start， but you cant live for ever on 4 (tomato) and 5 (orange).there are 6 (man) and 7 (woman) who spend their entir

31、e 8 (life) counting the calories they take in each day.some national 9 (cuisine) make you fat.the 10 (japanese) have a high protein diet，while the 11 (swiss) eat a lot of milk 12 (product).personally ，im lucky not to have to diet ，but my friend ，john，cant eat anything without looking it up in his ca

32、lorie chart.this is carefully organized so that 13 (strawberry) and 14 (peach) are under fruit；15 (potato) and spaghetti come under starchy foods，and so on.i entertained john to a nice low calorie meal yesterday and at the end i offered him some jelly.“ what does jelly come under？” he asked looking

33、at his chart.“ half a litre of double cream，” i said ，pouring the stuff over my plate!答案1.foods2.cakes3.biscuits4.tomatoes 5.oranges6.men7.women8.lives9.cuisine10.japanese11.swiss 12.products13.strawberries14.peaches15.potatoesii. 短文改错实战演练优点英语nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or wal

34、king to work. it causes more traffic jam and accidents. as the student, what can we do to guarantee our safe? first of all, the traffic rules must be strict obeyed. when we cross streets, wait until the traffic light turn green. next, don t forget walk on the pavement. finally, i think it very dange

35、rously to wear headphones while walking or cycling. since we can t pay enough attention on the traffic around us, so accidents may happen. taking good care of ourselves and don t let our parents worry about us.答案：nowadays many people drive instead of taking a bus or walking to work. it causes more t

36、raffic jamjamsand accidents. as theastudent, what can we do to guarantee our safesafety？ first of all, the traffic rules must be strictstrictlyobeyed. when we cross streets, wait until the traffic light turnturnsgreen. next, don t forget towalk on the pavement. finally, i think it very dangerouslyda

37、ngerousto wear headphones while walking or cycling. since we can t pay enough attention ontothe traffic around us, so accidents may happen. takingtakegood care of ourselves and don t let our parents worry about us.i. 语法填空number 1 in chinese culturenumber 1 is the simplest number, but has 1._ most co

38、mplex cultural meaning in chinese culture. it has the meaning of the beginning, the origin, and the whole, 2._ was first suggested by lao zi, a well-known philosopher in ancient china in his classic tao te ching. meanwhile, this number 3._(regard) as “ the mother of all creatures” by some other chin

39、ese philosophers in ancient times. chinese people respect it for its meaning of the first and winner as the same in western culture. it is easy 4._(find) how people love the word from chinese ancient literature. there are over 260 phrases and more than 420 idioms 5._ _(begin) with this word in chine

40、se language system. in chinese culture, it is 6._ lucky nor unlucky. the 7._(combine) with some other numbers has positive meanings, such as 1314. 8._(it) pronunciation in chinese sounds similar to lifetime, which is widely used between 9._(lover). sometimes, 1(yi in chinese pinyin) sounds similar t

41、o the word “ you” (ni in chinese pinyin). the common use of 5211314 in network language means “ i love you forever” . 521 能力训练优点英语10._(simple) means “ i love you”， which is the most beautiful line to all.解题导语 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字1 在中国传统文化中的含义。1the解析： the most多音节形容词，表示：最 的。2which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。先行词在定语从句中作主

42、语且表示“ 物 ” ，故填 which。3was regarded解析： 考查谓语动词。 本句介绍的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时；主语 this number与 regard 为被动关系，故用被动语态。综上所述此空填was regarded。4to find解析： it 作形式主语，设空处需用不定式作真正的主语，故填to find 。5beginning解析：设空处需用非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词与begin 为逻辑上的主动关系，故填beginning。6neither解析：句意：在中国文化中，它既不是吉祥的也不是不吉祥的。根据本句中的nor 可知设空处填 neither。neither.nor

43、.为固定结构，意为：既不 也不 7combination解析： 设空处在句中作主语，故用名词形式；再根据本句中谓语动词has可推知本空需填名词单数形式。综上所述，设空处填combination 。8its解析：设空处需用形容词性物主代词its 作 pronunciation 的定语。9lovers解析：根据常识及between 可知设空处填名词复数形式lovers。10simply解析：设空处需用副词作means的状语，故填simply 。ii. 阅读理解it was my first day of sixth grade. i looked at my schedule and saw th

44、at i had mrs. foxwells classes and this made me happy. over the next three years, mrs. foxwell taught me many important things that i will never forget. of all of the teachers and coaches i have had in my life, mrs. foxwell has been my favorite leader. mrs. foxwell is one of the most respected peopl

45、e i know. she is always kind to everyone and she treats others the way that she wants to be treated. she taught me respect in many different ways, but mainly how to be respectful in the business world. she told me that i needed to have a firm handshake and that i should always look people in the eye

46、 when i talked to them. mrs. foxwell also taught me that i could earn someones respect by working hard to achieve my goals. in addition to working at brandywine springs school, mrs. foxwell once worked at a bank as a manager but 优点英语she gave that up to teach kids how to be successful. mrs. foxwell t

47、old our class that she would cry because of the amount of work she had to do in very little time. she told our class that working all night at something we dont love is very stressful, so we should try and do something we love. in the end, she taught me that i have to keep my head high and pull thro

48、ugh difficulties. i dont think i have ever worked as hard in any class as i did in her class. i created my own 28-page business plan to share with her, my parents, other teachers and my classmates. although creating a business from nothing was a lot of hard work, i really enjoyed it and learned several lessons that will help me throughout life. i have had a lot of role models in my life, but one of the greatest