代词的分类及其用法

1、代词一、代词概念1、代词的左义：代替名词、数词、上下文的词句例：一只狗it 一个人she/he2、代词的分类-）人称代词 二）物主代词 三）反身代词 四）指示代词五）疑问代词 六）连接代词 七）关系代词 八）不定代词二、人称代词1、人称代词作主语时用主格；作宾语时，用人称代词的宾格：作主格时：她是一个很小心的出租车司机。She is a careful taxi-driver.作宾格时：他们都非常喜欢她。They all like her very much.2、人称代词作表语时用宾格，尤其在口语中：谁敲门? Who is knocking at door? 是我。 It's me.3

2、、it的用法a. 代替上文提到的东西例：我的钢笔丢了，我找不到它。My pen is missing. I cannot find it.b. 代替事件和情况例：杰克病了。你听人说起过吗？ Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?c. 表示婴儿和未知的人例：这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩？Is it a boy or a girl? It is a boy.d. 彳弋替 this, that例：What is this? This / It is a guitar. What is that? That / It is a computer.e表示时间和天气例：今天天

3、气很冷。1（ is very cold today. 明天是星期天。It is Sunday tomorrow.f表示地点和距离例：北京离伦敦有多远？How far is it from Beijing to London?三、物主代词1、物主代词的分类形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词2、形容词性物主代词起到形容词作用，只能作定语 例：dictionary （字典）my dictionary3、名词性物主代词起到划词作用，作主语、表语、宾语和与"o化连用作左语; 表语例：这个小刀是我的。The/ This knife is mine.主语例：我们的教室在一楼，他们的教室在二楼。Our

4、classroom is on the 2rd floor.Theirs is on the 3rd floor.宾语例：你可以用我的钢笔，我用他的。You may use my pen, I will use his.定语例：他是我的一位朋友。He is a friend of mine.4、考点：用“the"代替物主代词：例：他打了她的头。He hit her on the head.士兵腿部受了伤。 The soldier was hurt in the leg.5、英语中，类似于“我的”“你的”词语不能省略：例：请帮我学英语。Please help me with my En

5、glish. 别把手揣在兜儿里。Don't put your hands in your pocket.四、反身代词反身代词的非强调用法1、反身代词一般作宾语；作动词的宾语，表示一个及物动词的动作重新又回到动作者 本身：位置在动词后。例：一只蜡烛照亮了别人，损耗了自己。A candle lights others and consumes itself.宽以待人，严于律己。Forgive others but not yourself.2、反身代词的分类：第一人称 myselfourselves第 二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself /herself/ i

6、tselfthemselves不能人称oneselfone selves3、有些固左的动词后加反身代词，英后的宾语补语表示主语突然不自觉的或被动的动 作或状态。比如在find (找到)/ here (听到)/ catch (抓住)等动词。例：自信是走向成功的第一步。Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success这部小说对向我这样的初学者来说，太难了。The novel is too difficult for beginners like myself / me4、介词+反身代词1 )by oneself 独自例：

7、He lives by himself.He did it by himself.Press the button and door opens by itself.2) ofoneself 自动的例： Success will not come of itself to knock at your door.Tlie door opened of itself3) for oneself 独自例： If you don*t believe me, you go there and see for yourself. His son is old enough to do it for him

8、self.4) in oneself 本身例: You'd better asked patient in herself about her trouble The invitation is in itself friendship step.5) beside oneself欣喜若狂，髙度兴奋例： He was beside himself with joy.6) between ourselves 两者之间例: The matter is between ourselvesamong oneself 三者之间例： They divided the apples among th

9、emselves反身代词的强调用法一般作名词或代词的同位语：1、位宜可置于名词之后，句首、句尾用来加强语气。f列：The president himself will chair the meeting.The president will chair the meeting himself.I myself can't come, but I will ask someone to help We ourselves will build our college2、可以将very own real等强调词插入反身代词中间，强调该反身代词。例：I will go there my ow

10、n self.It is her very self you saw.五. 指示代词this that these those指示代词在句中可用作主i马、表语、宾语、左语；1、主语例：Is this your pen? No, it isn't. It*s Mary's.These are our booksThat is a good idea2、表语例：What I want is this.3、宾语例：You like this but I like that.4、定语例：Those books are David's.In those years they se

11、ldom did experiment to test ideas.5、that those代表同类事物,即同类不同物;若同类同物，则用人称代词例： The population of China is larger than that of IndiaThe girls in class 4 are more active than those in class 3.6、such same主语例：Such were the facts.The same may be sad of his father.定语例:I don't like such weather.We live und

12、er the same roof and eat at the same table表语例：His illness was not such as to cause anxiety.His composition is the same as yours.宾语例：Good health. The same to you. I wish you the same.六. 不定代词不定代词的分类a little肯定类不定代词all everybody both either everything some somebody someone something a few否定类不定代词no nobod

13、y none neither nothing none no one nobody nothing little few1. 作主语其谓语动词在人称和数的应用上，一般应具下而的规则：a. both在肯左句中作复数,either neither作单数：b. all指人的时候，一般用复数：指物的时候，一般用单数：例：Both of them study English but neither of them studies JapaneseAll are here at the meeting.Neither of them is good at English辨析：Neither of us h

14、ave been to Beijing. 全部否立Both of us haven't been to Beijing部分否立2.作定语Many few修饰可数名词Much little修饰不可数名词Some any no修饰可数名词和不可数名词例 : Many people have goneDo / Would you like some water.There is a little money in my pocket.不定代词的基本用法1. 主语 One must one*s duty.2. 表语 Thafs all I can do.3. 同位语 They all agre

15、e to carry out the plan quickly.4. 宾语The apple is not good. Please give me anothe匚5. /kinThe story is much more interesting than the other two.6. 状语 I spend some 2 hours doing my homework yesterday.some+时间：表示大约例： I don*t think there is anything about haircut that could make me love you any less不定代词的

16、辨析1. some / anya. some指人或物，多用于肯立句中；在否建句和疑问句中一般用any； 但表示一种建议的时候，采取疑问形式。例：Will you have some tea?Here apples, won't you have some?b. any指一些时，用于否泄句、疑问句和条件句中。表示任何的，任何一个时，用于肯建句中。例：You can ask any student who you meet for helpYou may come here at any dayHe did better than any before him.2. both / neit

17、her/eitherboth （两者都）用于肯左陈述句，作同位语时放在行为动词之前，be动词之后： 谓语用复数。例：You are both completely wrong either （两者中任意一个）其后动词用单数：例：Either of them is going to agree to this arrangement, neither （两者都不）其后动词用单数：例：Neither of them is good at English.Neither of us has been to Beijing3. each/everyeach强调个别；每一，每个：作主语时，谓语动词用单数

18、例：Each of us has a new dictionaryShe knows each student of the classThere are trees on each side of the street.every强调整体：每：指三个或三个以上整体中的每一个；一般只能作形容词： 一般修饰单数可数名词，表示每个都；修饰可数名词复数时，意思有差异; 不能单独作主语。例：You can leani something useful from everyoneevery 3 days 每 3 天every day每天4. no/noneno作泄语，可以修饰可数剑词与不可数名词：no=not any例：I have no time=I donrt have any timeHe knows no English=Hc doesn*t know English at all.none作主语、宾语、表语，代替不可数爼词作主语时，谓语动词用单数: 代替可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。例：None of this money is mineNone of us has/liave got a ticket.5 nothing / n