六级考试的应试技巧和策略

1、四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟1 四、六级考试的应试技巧和策略2003 年下半年大学英语四级考试即将开始。我们同学都渴望了解如何准备四级考试、怎样才能一举成功并取得80 分以上的优秀成绩。要取得好成绩，关键在于抓好以下三个主要环节：一、词汇语法；二、解题技巧；三、临场发挥。词汇语法是基础。学英语这门语言首先要学习三大要素：语音、词汇和语法。要学好语言，就得在这三方面下功夫。语言应试也同样离不开这三方面，尤其是其中的词汇和语法，如果词汇语法不过关，四级考试中的听力内容就听不准，阅读理解文字就看不懂，写作文就写不像，四级考试就自然过不了。因此要想过四级并取得优异成绩，首先必须过好词汇、语法关。另外，

2、还有解题技巧和临场发挥。基础打得好，应试状态自然就会好。如果在此基础上，还掌握了一定的解题技巧，那么应试就更有把握，成绩一定不俗。有时即使基础知识一时疏忽，如果掌握了解题技巧，那么也会猜出几分。由此看来，我们应该重视解题技巧在四级应试中的作用并学会使用解题技巧，以获得高分。为了帮助同学们提高英语水平与四、六级应试能力，特作此系列讲座。首先讲一下四级考试和六级考试的组成部分。Part I 四级考试的组成部分：试卷一 Part I Listening Comprehension: (20minutes) 计 20 分Section A 1-10 Multiple Choice Section B

3、11-20 Multiple Choice Part II 21-40 Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) 4 reading passages计 40分Part III 41-70 Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes ) 计 15 分Part IV 71-90 Cloze (15 minutes ) 计 10 分试卷二 Section B 11-20 Compound Dictation （计 10 分）Translation / Cloze（计 10 分）Short Answer Questions / cloze （

4、计 10 分）Part V Writing (30 minutes)计 15 分 11:20 结束六级考试的组成部分（计分与四级相同）试卷一 Part I Listening Comprehension: (20minutes) Section A 1-10 Multiple Choice Section B 11-20 Multiple Choice Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) 4 reading passages 21-40 Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes ) 41-70

5、Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes ) 71-80 试卷二 Part I Section B 11-20 Compound Dictation Part V Writing (30 minutes) Part I 听力应试策略听力是四级考试的第一大考试题型，在四级考试中所占的时间只有短暂的20 分钟，但其分值却是整个考试分数的五分之一(20%)。听力成绩的好坏直接影四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟2 响着每一位同学的总成绩。同时，由于听力是四级考试的第一项内容，能否开好这个头也直接影响着每位考生做阅读理解、词汇和结构、完形填空、写作这些考试题型的心情。如何提高

6、听力成绩是每位同学十分关注的事情，这里我将从做好听力题应具备的基本素质、四级考试听力部分的结构、内容及题型分析入手，谈谈如何尽快提高听力的实际水平；还要讲一下四级听力的解题技巧，以使同学在短期内尽快提高听力成绩，为顺利通过四级打好第一枪。一、四个基本素质。考生听力成绩的好坏完全取决于四个基本素质：1.1扎实的语言基本功。这包括语音上能否正确辨音，是否熟悉同化、连读和语调等语音方面的知识；对语法知识的掌握程度，词汇量的多少。构成口语的要素主要有以下三个：语音、语调、习语。（1）语音方面a) 连读、为什么连读、如何读？四级考试听力内容(尤其是对话部分 )大多来自日常生活，即口语，英语中日常会话经常

7、会出现连读，以使语言表达流畅，节奏分明。若能了解英语口语的这些特点，将大大提高听力理解的能力。连读是四级考试中常见的现象，若对其中出现的连读现象一无所知，即使所听内容十分简单，听者也会不知所云，因此会大大影响考试成绩。b) 失去爆破 . 英语中有些辅音 (这些常见的辅音有 :m，n，p，b，t，d，k，g等)遇到一起时，第一个辅音经常失去爆破。如下列句子、词组或单词中加下划线的字母 : Good morning! Let me see. bike key next door blackboard c) 缩略现象 . 口语中有一些词相遇时，经常出现缩略。四级听力考试中常见的缩略现象有以下几个：

8、Im, Youre, Ive, Ill, Id gonna ( =going to) wonna ( =want to) d) 弱音现象 . 英语中有些词在词典中的注音为国际音标，但在口语中的读音经常为弱音。如下列的划线部分: for her, from her, have, am 如：The teacher collected the paper herself. The teacher corrected the papers herself. Could you give me a hand? Ku d u: 同化As soon as I m in a mess , he ll come

9、 here. 连读(2) 语调方面不同的语调通常代表不同的意义，例如升调通常意味着不满、生气、怀疑，降调则意味着肯定。1.2. 丰富的文化背景知识。知识面宽的考生，能运用原有的知识产生联想，更容易理解所听的会话和短文。文化背景知识在复合式听写中就更加重要了。如，习语，日常生活方面的常识。四级考试中有许多习语口语性极强, 如， 下倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs 。 构成这些习语的单个词的字面意思都很简单,但放在一起常有固定的意思；若不了解这些习语的整体意义，将会大大降低我们的听力水平。另外，熟悉日常生活方面的常识。来自日常生活中的词语本身通常很简单，但要做好这部分题，需从日常生活

10、的角度来考虑这些词的意思。如：I got in and pushed the. button for the 14th floor. ( 现代城市中有许多高搂大厦，而高楼里经常有电梯上下。了解了这一点，便可知此句中的词组push the 四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟3 button 为“ 按电梯按钮 ” 之意。 ) 再如： Julia, the meat is spoiled. Why dont tell the manager? (spoil 通常有“ 惯坏” 的意思，但根据常识我们知道meat通常不会被 “ 惯坏” ，而第二句中又有manager 一词，由此便可推断出此对话可能发生在超市或

11、饭店，而spoiled 的意思则为 “ 变质” 之意。) 1.3 基本的听力技能。 能判别重要信息， 进行正确推理， 而且综合理解能力较强。听力理解题中的干扰选项通常都含有正确信息。考生应在听完整个对话后，根据所听内容做出正确判断。如 2002年 1 月 Section A 10: M: You seem very confident about the job interview, dont you? W: Yes, I feel ready for it. I bought a good suit in a clothing store. I had my hair cut. I had

12、studied almost everything about Finance and Economics. Q: Where is the woman probably going to work? Choices: A. In a bank. B. In a school. C. In a clothing store. D. In a barbershop. 正确答案应为 A。1.4正确有效的听音习惯。注意力能高度集中，边听边记下要点，如时间、人物和地点等。考生还应有较强的短时记忆能力。四级考试的听力通常由两部分组成：Section A 每次为固定形式的十个小对话，每个对话听完后试卷上有

13、A，B，C，D 四个答案供选择； Section B 或为复合式听写或为段落听力 (段落听力通常为独立的三段)。各段落听力结束后， 试卷上有三到四个问题供选择，共10 个问题。一、Section A 中问题类的分析全国大学生英语四级考试听力理解Section A中的十个对话，目的是测试学生获得口头信息的能力。由于对话内容简短，朗读语速偏快，对于一些听力基础较差的学生来讲，做此题有一定困难；听力理解部分是四级考试中的第一个环节，因此这部分的完成将直接影响学生做后面考题的情绪和状态。Section A 中的简短对话，从提问问题类型上可以分为多种,主要包括：I Where( 地 点 判 断 )II

14、Number( 数 字 计 算 )III Occupation( 职 业 判断)IVRelationship(人物关系 )VWeather(天气描述 )How(方式提问 )，前四种居多。I .Where ：地点判断题CET-4考试听力理解中对于地点判断的试题相对较多，从 1995年 1月到 2002年 1 月止，此类试题约占 5，地点判断题往往可以从对话中的一些关键词找到答案。例如，以下地点可以从一些相关的词汇判断出来。听力中对话发生的地点通常包括restaurant, hotel, supermarket, clinic, barbers, railway station, airport

15、等。如 97年 1 月第三题：-Dear, I feel so hungry now. 四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟4 -Lets call the room service. Question: Where did the dialogue happen?要注意对话中的信息词。如a)in the bank：cash ，check，account b) in the restaurant: order, waiter (waitress) ，bill c)in the hospital：doctor，nurse，intensive care unit , d)at a garage: car,

16、 fix, emergency brake ，park e)in a hotel：room service，room number，reception，receptionist 关于地点判断的常用提问句型为：Where does(did) the conversation most probably take place? Where are the two people (speakers)? Where is this conversation probably taking place? 例 1CET-4 2001年 1 月(2) AAt a bookstoreB. In a works

17、hop CAt an art galleryDIn a department store M: Can you tell me the tide of this oil painting? W: Sorry, I dont know for sure. But I guess its an early 18th-century work. Let me look it up in the catalogue. Q: Where does their conversation most probably take place? 从选择项的内容很容易就可判断出此题是地点判断题，对话内容中有以下关键

18、词出现： Oil painting ，early 18th-centurywork，look up，catalogue，就此推断出对话发生在艺术馆，答案为C。II Number ：数字计算题听力理解中，数字计算题主要有两种类型：一是对金钱的计算，二是对时间的计算。时间计算题，主要有点时间和段时间两种提问。CET-4 中，数字计算题约占 3%。此类试题对话内容中往往提及多个数字作干扰因素，有时还需要根据所听数字进行适当的加减运算，因此有必要做简单笔记。数字计算题的常用提问句型为：1)价格提问句型：How much is something? How much does the man have

19、to pay? How much does something cost? 2）时间提问句型：When will somebody do something? What time did somebody do something? At what time did the conversation take Place? How long did it take somebody to do something? 如 98年 1 月 Section A 7：-Heres a ten-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show, ple

20、ase. 四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟5 -Sure. Two tickets and heres one dollar forty cents change. Question: How much does one ticket cost? A .$8.60 B$6.40 C .$4.30 D$1.40 从选择项即可判断此题是价格计算题，通过对所听数字进行简单的加减运算(10-1.40)2=4.30，因此答案为 B。例如：CET-4 2001年 6 月(7) A5:10 B5:00 C4:30 D5:15 M: I wonder if Sue will be here by five ocl

21、ock. W: Her husband said she left home at half past four. She should be here at ten after five and a quarter past five at the latest. Q: What time did Sue leave home? 此题对话中直接陈述了Sue离家的时间为 4:30，但另有 5:00、5:10 及 5:15三个数字干扰，只要边听边做记录，此题相对容易完成。再如 97 年 6 月 Section A 5：-Whats the time for departure? -5: 30.

22、That only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs and check our baggage. Question: At what time did the conversation take place? A)5：00 B)5：30 C)5：15 D)5：45 这种计算题通常分两步做，先把对话中提到的数字综合考虑，再经过简单的加、减计算得出答案。III Occupation ：职业判断题CET-4 中对于职业的判断题主要集中在1996 年和 1997 年的试题中， 1997 年的两次考试听力中就出现了三道职业判断题，近几次的考试

23、中，此类题型已不多见，但在其他形式的听力考试中，这种题型仍较普遍。所考职业身份通常为secretary, shop-assistant, operator, librarian, student, reporter, visitor, lecturer, etc. 选择项比较简单，只是四个不同的职业名词，但听对话内容时，同样需要注意某些关键词的使用。例如：a) a plumber: faucet ( tap ), repair ( fix ) b) an electrician: heater, power, fix c) a taxi driver: where to d) an air h

24、ostess: plane, flight, take off, fasten safety belt 常用提问句型为：Whats the mans occupation? What is somebody? Whats the womans job? What most probably is somebody? Who is the woman most probably speaking to? Whom did somebody want to come over? 例 4CET-4 1997年 6 月(5) AA railway porterBA taxi driver四级考试讲座之

25、（ I）王志娟6 CA bus conductor DA postal clerkW: Excuse me, Sir. Im going to send this parcel to London. Whats the postage for it? M: Let me see. Its one pound and fifty. Q: Who is the woman most probably speaking to? 对话内容中关键词send ，parcel，postage叫以表明女士正与邮局职员讲话，因此答案为 D。IV Relationship ：人物关系推测题此类试题的选择：项为(T

26、hey are) somebody and somebody, 所以很容易就可推断出所提问为对话两人之间的关系问题，从 1995 年以来 CET-4听力中共有四题是关于人物关系判断的，虽然数量不多，但也是其他听力测试中常出现的题型。常用提问句型为： What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 例 5、CET-4 1998年 6 月(1) A. They are twins. B. They are classmates. C. They are friends. D. They are colleagues.

27、 W: I often mistake Jim for Bob. Can you tell them apart? M: No, they look so much alike that they even confused their mother sometimes when they were young. Q: What is the most probable relationship between Jim and Bob? 从对话中所出现的词组 “mistake for tellapart look so much alike，confused their mother”可推断出

28、 Jim and Bob are twins因此答案为 A。VWeather：天气情景判断题关于天气预报或天气描述的试题，1998 年以后四级出现过二题，此类试题不多，从选择项中关于天气的一些形容词的使用上，可以很容易地判断出所提问题。常用提问句型为：What will the weather be like? Whats the weather forecast? 例 6CET-4 1998年 6 月(7) A. Cold and windy. B. Snow will be replaced by strong winds. C. It will get better. D. Rainy

29、and cold: W: Its been very cold for the past two days. M: We havent seen the worst of it yet. More snow is forecasted for next week accompanied by strong winds. Q: What will the weather be like? 从 more snow, accompanied by strong winds 可推断出 A. Cold and windy 是此题答案。VI How: 方式提问方式判断问题多以 “by”形式回答，因此从选择

30、项即可判定所提问题。从1995四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟7 年以来，CET-4 听力理解中出现过两题，出题率不高，但代表一种题型。常用提问句型为：How does(did) somebody do something? How would somebody most probably do something? 例 7CET-4 1997年 6 月(10) ABy busBBy bike CBy taxiDOn footM: If I were you, Id ride a bike to work. Taking a crowded bus during rush hours is rea

31、lly terrible. W: Thank you for your advice, but my bike has got a flat tyre. Q: How would the woman most probably get to work? 此对话中首先使用了虚拟语气引导出“ride a bike ”，然后采用动名词做主语引导出“Taking a bus ”， 答语中女士说 “my bike has got a flat tyre”否定了前者的可能性，因此答案为 A. By bus 。以上六种提问类型均可以从选择项事先清楚地判断出所提问题，采用这种先预测，后听的办法，从而有目的有重

32、点地进行听力活动，可以大大地提高做题的准确率，同时会使一些听力基础较差的学生不再认为听力理解是四级考试中不可克服的一大难关，在提高听力水平的同时，配以正确的听力技巧，从而顺利地完成大学英语四级考试听力理解部分。二.听力理解应试的具体策略：2.2.1理解中心思想和重要内容及其特定的细节。如：具体时间、地点等。在听力考试的简短对话中，同学们可根据一些场景中起暗示作用的固定词汇或表达方式来推断出会话中的地点、行为、人物及其相互关系。例如：Section A 1-10 In this section, you will hear10 short conversations. At the end of

33、 each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the

34、 corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. W: Are you ready to order dessert? M: Yes, Id like to have some chocolate cake.Q: Where are the two speakers? A. At a restaurant. B. At a bank. C. At a hotel. D. In his office. 通过四个选项，同学们可判断这是一个考地点的题目。这里包含一些信息词，如：desser

35、t, chocolate cake, 可以判断两个人要就餐， 毫不迟疑地选定 A。所以听的时候要特别注意这样的信息词汇。2.2.2.根据隐含的意义进行推论后判断交际功能。听力理解应试中应学会预测。预测好，大有益。听力中的预测是指在对四个选项进行分析以后预测对话或短文的基本内容与可能提出的问题，然后带着问题去听对话或短文。这样，有的放矢，命中率就高。例如：M: Excuse me, can you tell me where I can get a snack near here please? 四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟8 W: Certainly. At JoeSnack Bar. Tha

36、ts the nearest, its down this street on the left next to a cinema. Q: What do we learn from this dialogue? A. The woman tells the man where to have a snack. B. The man wants to know how to get to Joes house.C. The woman tells the man how to get to a cinema. D. The man lost his way in the street. 四个选

37、项的主要区别是地点名词不同，同学们应注意到第一说话人的snack和第二说话人的回答At Joe s Snack Bar， 从而排除下面三个选项， 选定第一个选项 A。涉及到简单的推理判断时，考生需根据对话内容所提供的信息去做出正确的推理和选择。如：M: Do you like to go to the dance with me? W: Id love to, but I am getting over cold. Q: Will the woman go to the dance? 2.2.3根据语言特征理解句子间的关系和会话双方的关系。例如：W: I have plenty of good

38、 ideas, but I havent been able to organize them clearly. May I hand in the paper a few days late? M: You know that I always prefer a well written paper even if it is late. Q: What is the probable relation between the two speakers? A. Client-lawyer. B. Student-teacher. C. Patient-doctor. D. Customer-

39、salesman. 会话双方都提到 paper这一单词，分别是 hand in the paper和 a well written paper，由此可以确定两者是师生之间的关系，选B。2.2.4通过对句子的理解，判断说话人的观点和看法。主要体现在听短文上，而说话人的观点和看法往往出现在文章的首尾处。Section B 11-20 Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passag

40、es and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. After teaching three years in Shanghai, I asked to

41、 go to a remote area. I finally made it. I have always thought that experts should be sent not only to big towns where there is a lot of opportunity to talk to English speakers but also to remote areas. My experiences in Nanping, Fujian, strengthened my opinions. I recently spent a month in Nanping,

42、 teaching English to teachers of English from North Fujian. There were about 50 teachers. It was an experience I shall never forget. There was also a wide range of levels. Most of them had never met a native English speaker before, and few had been on courses taught by an English- speaking expert. I

43、 was very impressed with the way in which they worked together. The more advances students patiently helped the less advanced. They spent considerable time-some till 四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟9 late into the night going over the material they had learnt. The students were full of enthusiasm and made the most of

44、 the months course. I learnt a lot more about China. It was a very worthwhile experience, and I hope to have the opportunity to do so again. It was a perfect example of what can be achieved with good cooperation. 1. Why did the speaker want to work in Nanping? A. He thought experts were more needed

45、there. B. He wanted to have a good time there. C. He was invited to work there. D. He didn t like to stay in Shanghai any longer. 2. How many students did he teach there? A. Nineteen. B. Sixty-four. C. Eighty-four. D. Fifty. 3. What impressed him the most? A. The food in Nanping. B. The organization

46、 of the class. C. The discussion in the class. D. The cooperative spirit of the students. 4. What did he think of his course in Nanping? A. It was interesting. B. It was a valuable experience. C. It was too far away from big cities. D. It was a difficult course to teach. 就第一个问题， 可以根据第一小节里最后一句和关联词not

47、 only but also，我们可以判断说话人的观点是A。第三个问题，即使中间靠后这一部分没有听清楚，还可以从短文的最后一句做出判断，选 D。第四个问题同样可在结尾处得a well written 到答案。最后一节里第一句和第二句就做出了肯定，再往下看第三句中的worthwhile 这一单词。 a well written 词汇丰富的同学们一听到就可知道，其他同学实际上也可以猜测它的意思，选定 B。第二个问题对具备基本听力技能的同学来说，如果能听清楚具体的细节，如：teaching English to teachers of English from North Fujian和 there

48、 were about 50 teachers ，就能判断是 D。三、复合式听写的基本模式和技巧“ 复合式听写 ” 应试时必须做到： 耳听手写，心静速快。200 词左右的短文 ,其中有10 个左右的空格 , 每个空格要求考生填补一个单词、短语或句子。考生将全文快速阅读一遍，熟悉文中的人名、地名及一些较生僻的词语，了解其大意。在听第一遍时，首先应仔细听懂全文，做前半部分时，也就是单词听写题时，可边听边记，可适当在空格中填入你有把握、可确定的词语。做复合式听写后半部分时，也就是句意表达题时，应认真听好第一遍，搞清文章大意。四级考试讲座之（ I）王志娟10 听第二遍时虽然在要填补的地方朗读时稍稍停顿

49、一下，但不能掉以轻心，更要仔细，可记些关键词句，将重点放在听懂每一个空格的内容上，争取写完整。如果没写完整，就先暂时放弃，以免影响听下一个空格的内容，等听最后一遍即听第三遍时进行校对。如还有疑问，可在听力测试题全部做完后再利用做完形填空题的方法进行查漏、改错；补全组句，填好所有的空格。当然，听写时不要孤立地听某个空格的词语，应把注意力集中在每个句子、段落及篇章上，免得因错误的理解而造成填写有误。另外，要注意既要写得快又要写得好，学会利用缩写、简写、代号等，遇到长的词，可先用几个字母代替，然后将其整理好，填在第二试卷上所规定的地方。Section B Compound Dictation Dir

50、ections: In this section you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then, listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill the blanks numbered from 1 to 7 with

51、the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 8 to 10 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just head or write down the main point in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what

52、 you have written. President Clinton later today join 1. former president Ford, Carter and Bush at “the presidents summit for Americas“future” 2. aimed at recruiting one million volunteer tutors to provide after-school, weekend and summer reading help for up to three million children. Mr. Clinton wi

53、ll ask Congress this coming week for nearly three 3. billion dollars to fund a five-year program called “ America Reads ”.The program would fund the 4. coordination efforts of 20 thousand reading5.specialistsand it would also give 6. grants to help parents help children read by the third grade, or about age eight. During his Saturday radio 7 address, the president explained why th