2017-2018学年高中英语Unit1LivingwithtechnologySect

1、Unit 1 Livi ng with tech no logy Secti on IV Grammar & amp;Writi ng单元语法一及物动词和不及物动词课前自主领唐性ANZI/HULINGWU语法图解1. 主语+谓语+宾语2. 匸语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语3. 主语亠谓语*宾诱+宾讲补足讲 丄及物动词的语态1”只用于主语十谓语”结构， 无披动语态2.不段物动词后加卜介词或副词后可接宾语探究发现1Regular public broadcasti ngfollowed shortly afterwards.2Many differe nt peoplecon tribute

2、dto the developme nt of TV.3I regret to tell you that your application has been turned down.4On my birthday shegave me a mobile phone as a gift.5It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastictape.6Who can foresee what the future will bring?7The first public TV broadcas

3、tswere made in the USA.8Howeve; most people stillben efit from satellite TV.我的发现(1)以上各句中的黑体部分，属于及物动词的有，属于不及物动词的有。(2)从以上句子可以看出，及物动词可接名词、代词、不定式、从句、动名词作宾语。 由句可以看岀，某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补足语。(3)由句可以看岀，及物动词能使用被动语态。(4)由句可以看出，不及物动词不能直接接宾语；必要时，则需加介词。_KETAJNGYAODIANJINGXI、及物动词及物动词是指后面可直接跟宾语，并且必须跟宾语才能使其意义完整的动词。大

4、部分及及物动词和不授物动词2物动词有被动语态。3（一）及物动词常用于以下三种结构中：1“主语+谓语+宾语”结构此时的宾语可以是一个名词、代词、动词不定式（短语）、疑问词+动词不定式、动名词（短语）或者从句。He charged the battery .（名词）Eventually, his behavior satisfiedI want to get your help .（动词不定式短语）I dont know what to do .（疑问句+动词不定式）He delayedtelling her the news . （动名词短语）No one can foresee whatwil

5、l happe n in the future（1）下面这些及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语：admit（承认）,appreciate（感激）,avoid, consider（ keep（继续）等。Would you mind using your phone?用一下你的电话你介意吗?That young guy still denies havi ngstarted the fire beh ind the store.那个年轻人仍然否认在商店后面放了火。（2）下面这些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语：afford,arran ge,ask, choose, decide,determ ine,ex

6、pect, hesitate, hope,long（渴望）,man age, offer, pla n, prepare, prete nd, promise, refuse, threat, whish等。Can you afford to lend me some money?你能借一些钱给我吗？He has determined to learnFrench.他已决定学法语了。（3）可接不定式/动名词作宾语且意义差别大的及物动词。forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doi ng sth.忘记做过某事remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember

7、 doing sth.记得做过某事attempt to do sth.试图做某事her. （代词）.（宾语从句）考虑）,delay, deny, enjoy,escape, preve nt, fancy（想象）,fini sh, imag ine, mind, miss（想念）,postpone（推迟）,practise,recall（回忆）,resist,risk, suggest（建议）,include,stand（忍受）,forgive,4attempt doi ng sth.试着做某事mea n to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to d

8、o sth.努力做某事try doi ng sth.尝试做某事(4)接不定式或动名词作宾语且意义差别不大的及物动词。a.表示爱、憎、喜、恶”的情感类动词hate, love, like,prefer等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别一一接不定式作宾语时，一般表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，一般表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。They prefer stay ingin doors whe n it is cold.天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。Would you prefer to stay at home this evening with your brother?

9、今晚你想和你弟弟一起待在家里吗？b.begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义差别不 大。Tom bega n lear nin g/to lear nhow to use a computer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空1Dont forgetto_ send (send) my regards to your parents!2Dont hesitate any more. Why not trywalking (walk) this way?3I still remember being_taken (t

10、ake) to Beiji ng for the first time.4一Look! The light is on!But I remember turning (turn) it off!(2)完成句子1你怎么这么快就完成作业了？How did you man age_to_fi ni sh_your_homework so soon?2他们正在练习唱那首新歌。They are practising singing the new song.3他前天到达巴黎。5He reached Paris the day before yesterday.4我不知道我该怎么办。I dont know

11、 what I should do.5上周一个网球砸在了我的头上，但是我尽力去忽视疼痛，认为迟早会消失的。(浙江高 考改编)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried6to_ign ore_the_pai n,_ believi ng that it would go away sooner or later.2“主语+谓语+双宾语”结构（1）该结构中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语，一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。Tom sent Mary a text mess

12、age .汤姆给玛丽发了一条短信。（2）有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以位置对调，此时间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。主语+及物动词+物（直接宾语）+to+人（间接宾语）。女口：A man was distributing leafletsto the passers-by.主语+及物动词+物（直接宾语）+for+人（间接宾语）。女口：The woman bought an elegant dress for her daughter.名师点津间接宾语前常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send,write, show, bring, pass, off

13、er, hand, distribute等。间接宾语前加介词for的动词有buy, choose, get, make, order, si ng, do, save等。即时演练2句型转换1I wrote him a letter yesterday.TI wrotealettertohim yesterday.2My classmate drew me a horse yesterday.TMy classmate drewahorseforme yesterday.3Mr. Smith gave a watch to me as my birthday prese nt.TMr. Smit

14、h gave meawatch as my birthday present.3“主语+谓语+复合宾语”结构该结构中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，才能表达一个完整的意思。We elected Li Yang our mon itor . （Li Yang is our mon itor.）The n ews made us sad. （We were sad.）能充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词等，用来补充说明宾语。如：He appo in ted Joh n marketi ng man ager .（名词）T

15、he manufacturers made the computers portable .（形容词）I found myself in darkness .（介词短语）7The state government encouraged votersto vote .（动词不定式）Dont leave the waterrunning after you have washed your han ds.(现在分词）8(1)非谓语形式作宾语补足语时，只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有start等。She caught her son smok ing a cigarette.她撞见她的儿子吸烟。H

16、is words started me thinking他的话使我陷入深思。(2)非谓语形式作宾语补足语时，跟带to的不定式作宾补的及物动词有allow, ask,tell, want, wish, like, hate等；跟不带to的不定式作宾补的有感官动词和使役动词或短语let, feel, notice, help, make, have, listen to, hear, see, watch, look at,observe等。His pare nts dontallow him to stay out late.他父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。He helped me work ou

17、t the problem.他帮我解决了这个问题。(3)非谓语形式作宾语补足语时，既能用分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词或短语有see, watch, notice,look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, want, hate,get, leave等。即时演练3(1)单句语法填空1(陕西高考改编)Let those in need understand (understand) that we will go allout to help them.2(四川高考改编)Before drivinginto the city, you a

18、re required to get your carwashed (wash).(2)完成句子1他们要我们和他们一起去钓鱼。They asked us to go fishing with them.2这场音乐会使她一夜之间成为深受人们喜爱的歌手。This concert made her a popular sin ger overni ght.3他发现一个乞丐站在门口。He found a beggar standing_at_the_door. _4不要老是让孩子们待在室内。Dont always keep the children indoor _(二)及物动词的语态大多数及物动词或

19、短语都可以用于被动语态。The computer might be repaired by tomorrow.catch, keep,9电脑明天或许能修好。The early record players were wound up by hand.早期的录音机是用手摇的。名师点津后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词在变为被动语态时，要加上to。We ofte n hear the girl sing the song.TThe girl is often heard to sing the song.我们经常听见这个女孩唱这首歌。即时演练4将下列句子改为被动语态1She showed

20、us all kinds of kites she had made.TWe wereshown all kinds of kites she had made.TAll kinds of kites she had madewereshown to us.2The gover nment takes good care of the poor.TThe poor aretakengoodcareof by the government.3Some one saw a bird fly into the win dow.TAbird wasseentofly into the window.二

21、、不及物动词不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态。只能用于“主语+谓语”结构。不及物动词后面如果要接宾语，就必须再加一个介词。常见的不及物动词有apologize,appear, arrive, come, die, fall, flow, listen, go, happen, lie, rise, stay, sit,live, lift（云或雾消散）等。1.不及物动词后不接宾语，只能用于“主语+谓语”结构，但不及物动词后可接副词。We saw the mou ntai n whe n the clouds lifted .云散后，我们看到了山。This is the room

22、 where I once lived .这是我曾经住过的房间。2.有些不及物动词可与介词、副词搭配组成及物动词短语，及物动词短语后可接宾语， 且可用于被动语态。10而有些不及物动词与副词搭配构成的是不及物动词短语。I listened tomusic before I could speak.我还不会说话的时候就开始听音乐了。We wished that everyth ing wouldwork out as pla nn ed.我们希望一切事情都会像计划的那样顺利进行。The short boy is always laughed at by other students.11那个个子矮

23、小的男孩总是受到其他学生的嘲笑。名师点津英语中有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不 同的情况：(1)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。Shall I begin at onee? (begin作不及物动词)我可以立刻开始吗？She bega n work ing as a libraria n after she left school.(began作及物动词)她毕业后当了一名图书馆管理员。When did they leave Beijing？(leave作及物动词)他们是什么时候离开北京的？They left last week. (left作不及物动词)他们是上

24、周离开的。(2)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不尽相同。Waslyour hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗？即时演练5判断正误1He is liste ning the teacher carefully.F2They always want a cup of tea after lun ch.T3He is sending now. F4If you work hard, you will succeed in pass ing the exam.T5Our childre n are taught to

25、serve for the people wholeheartedly.FI.用所给词的适当形式填空Do you know what has happened (happen) tohim?2.Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting on duringthe vacation.3.I cant standworking (work) with Jane in the same office. She justrefuses to_ stop (stop) talking while she works.4.She likes swimming but s

26、he does nt like to_swim this after noon. Shed like to_swim someKEHOUQIANGHUAXUNUAN1.Tomhas been absent for two days.what to do forthe Shan ghai Expo12other day. (swim)5.I dont believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to_convince (convin ce)me.6.Even the best writers sometimes

27、find themselves lost (lose) for words.7.I remembered to_lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgotto turn off the lights.8.Liste n! Do you hear some one calli ng (call) for help?9.The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of theorigi nal buildi ng rema ins (re

28、ma in) now.10. Would you like a piece of this kind of cloth? It sells (sell) well.n.完成句子1.史密斯先生去年送给我一块手表作为我的生日礼物。Mr Smith gave_a_watch_to_me/gave_me_a_watch as my birthday present last year.2.当他苏醒时，他发现自己正躺在床上。He found_himself_lying in bed when he came to life.3.到目前为止，他的书已经被翻译成不同的语言。His book has_been

29、_tran slated into d ifferent Ian guages as far.4.前门如果没有人答应，就敲后门试试看。Try_knocking_at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.5.新式机器将会为你节省许多体力劳动。The new machine will save you_a_lot of_labour._6.最后你应记着的重要事情是你必须在6月28号前把文章送给我。(2015全国卷I书面表达)The last important thing you should remember is thatyo

30、u have to send the article to me before June 28.7.我们将一起唱歌、跳舞、做游戏度过愉快的时光，我们希望能让他们高兴。(2015全国卷n书面表达)Wellspend somefun time together singing, dancing andplaying games, which we hope will make them happy._&我教外国人普通话，这让我有一些教学经验。(2015四川 高考书面表达)1 have taught some foreignersMandarin,which13makes me have m

31、uch experienee in teaching.川.短文改错After five years away in my hometown, I find that the neighborhood which I used to livi ng in hascha nged a lot. The Sichua n Restaura nt and the older fish shop on the street from our middle schoolwere gone. There exist now a park where has a small river running thr

32、ough. The factory at the corner ofFriendship Street and Zhongshan14Road has been moved out of the city, and sports center has been built in their place.The market at the corner of Frie ndship Street and Xin hua Road has bee n give n wayto a supermarket. And the bookstore n ext to our middle school i

33、s still there.答案：第一句：第一个inTfrom; livinglive第二句：olderTold; wereTare第三句：existTexists; whereTthat/which第四句：sports前力口a; theirTits第五句： 去掉bee n第六句：AncRBut单元写作一建议信一、 基本结构写建议信，大都使用口语化的语言。建议信一般包括以下几个部分：1.地址、日期和称呼。2.开头：可开门见山，直接说明写信的目的，并对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢， 或者表明自己的诚意。一般先提一提来信里谈到的各项事情，答复对方的问题，然后再谈自己想要说的话。3.正文：正文是建议

34、信的主体。要写清给对方什么建议，并给出你的理解以及见解。4.结尾：对提出的建议进行总结，表达希望建议得以采纳，问题得以解决的愿望，并 表示祝愿。5.签名与称呼一样，要视与写信人的关系而定。给朋友的信，一般直接写名字即可。二、 增分佳句A.建议信开头常用句式1.rm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.我非常高兴收到你的来信，信中你问我如何学好汉语。2. I amglad to knowthat you are going to enter college and it is

35、mygreat pleasure to give yousome suggesti ons of choos ing your major.我很高兴得知你将进入大学并且很荣幸能就专业选择给你一些建议。3.Concerning your request, I would like to offer my advice on how to keep fit.写柞技法指导XIEZUOJIFAZHIDAO15题目要求假如你是李华， 你的美国朋友Lisa将于2022年来中国张家口参加冬奥会， 她来信向你 咨询如何提高汉语水平，请你用英语给她写一封回信，提出建议并说明理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.信

36、中不能出现与本人相关的信息。第一步：审题构思很关键一、 审题1.确定体裁：本文为建议信。2.确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第二人称。3.确定时态：时态应主要用一般现在时。二、 构思第一段：写信事由（来参加冬奥会）+写信目的（建议如何提高汉语水平）对于你的请求，我想就如何保持健康提出我的建议。B.表达建议的常用句式4.In the first place, Iwould recommend a balaneed diet.首先，我会推荐均衡饮食。5.In my opinion, you would be wise to accepthis advice.依我之见，采纳他的建议是您的明智之举。6.I

37、 find it necessary to take downno tes while listening.我发现有必要边听边记笔记。7.Why not drink a little, exercise, stop smoking and eat more fruit andvegetables?为何不少喝点酒、参加锻炼、戒烟、多吃水果和蔬菜呢?8.If we had followed his advice, we could have done the job better, with less money andfewer people.要是听取了他的意见，我们不仅可以节省人力、物力，而且

38、还会把工作做得更好。C.建议信结尾常用句式9.I hope you will find theseproposals/suggestions/recommendationspractical/useful/helpful.16.建议一：多交朋友，提高口语水平建议二：听中文歌、看中文电影，开阔视野，更好地 第二段：理解中文建议三：写信彼此联系，提高写作水平，另外写 日记第三段：表示祝愿第二步：核心词汇想周全1. delighted高兴的2. as_for至于，关于3.broaden_horizons开阔视野4. gain_a_better_understanding_of _更好地理解5. ke

39、ep_in_touch_with_保持联系6.ben efit有益于7. keep_a_diary写日记8. make_great_progress取得巨大进步第三步：由词扩句雏形现1.我非常高兴得知你将来中国参加2022年冬季奥运会。you will come to China for the 2022Win ter Olympic Games.2.日常生活中多交中国朋友，你可以练习中文口语。Make_more_Chi nese_frie nds_in_your_daily_lifeChin ese.3.听中文歌曲和看中文电影也是很好的帮你开阔视野，更好地理解中文的方式。Liste ning to Chin ese songs and watch ing Chin ese movies are also good waysto help you broaden your horizons and gain a better understanding of Chines_4.我们可以用中文写信彼此保持联系，这样对你的中文写作很有益。We can keep in to