(北京专用)2021届高三英语下学期5月全真模拟试卷4(含解析)

1、1 / 239（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）（北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）（考试时间：90 分钟 试卷满分：100 分）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）第一节完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）How can you stop smok ing?It is not easy to stop smoki ng, but milli ons of people have_1_to quit _and so can you.Here are a few suggesti ons.Pr

2、epare yourself. Decide on a day to quit. Dont choose a day that you know is going tobe stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the_2 you will get from stoppingsmoking. Then_3_your last packet of cigarettes.Be_4. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette,_5_ yourself thatyou are

3、a non-smoker. Reread the list of ben efits you wrote earlier.Break the habit. In stead of smok ing a cigarette, do somethi ng else. Go for a walk,clean your teeth, drink somewater, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mindand_6_our hands busy.Relax. If you start to feel n ervous or str

4、essed, do n ot reach_7_ a_cigarette .Try some deep breathi ng in stead. Do some relaxati on exercise every time youfeel stressed.Get help if you n eed it. Arrange to stop smoki ng with a frie nd so you cantalk about your problems, or join a stop-smoking group. If you feel_ 8_，you might like to talkt

5、o a doctor or chemist about somethi ng to help you, like（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）2 / 232ni cot ine chew ing gum.Keep trying. Do not be disappo in ted if you have to try several times beforeyou stop smoking. If you_9_and have a cigarette ，do not feel ashamed. Justtry again, and you will s

6、ucceed _10_ _1. A. man agedB. triedC. wan tedD.expected2. A. valuesB. ben efitsC. resultsD. profits3. A. give awayB. take awayC. throw awayD. keep away4. A. addicted B.accustomedC. determ inedD. depressed5. A. prepareB. informC. threate nD. remi nd6. A. especiallyB. speciallyC. n ormallyD.certai nly

7、7. A. outB. forC. atD.to8. A. desperateB. satisfiedC. arbitraryDcon scious9. A. stickB. continueC. weake nD .in sist10. A. eventuallyB. constantlyC. occasi on allyD.no rmally【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍戒烟的几条建议。1.A根据句中的 but 可知尽管戒烟很难，但还是有成千上万的人戒掉了。manageto do sth 成功做某事；try to do sth 努力做某事；want to do sth 想做某事；e

8、xpect to do sth 期望做某事。2.B 句意：列举你会从戒烟中得到的好处。根据第三段的“Reread the list ofben efits you wrote earlier.”可知答案。3.C 句意：扔掉你兜里的最后一包烟。give away 泄露，分发；take away 拿走； throw（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）3 / 232away 扔掉；keep away 不接近。4.C 根据下文的“ Every time you feel like smoking a cigaretteyourselfthat you are a

9、non-smoker. ”可知，你一定要意志坚定。determined 意为“坚决的”，符合语境。5.D remi nd 意为“提醒”，符合语境。6.A 根据本段的“ Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink somewater, cleanthe house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind”可知，尤其是要让手忙起来。especially 尤其是。7.B reach for 是固定搭配，意思是“伸手去拿”。8.A desperate 绝望的；satisfied 满意的；arbitrary任意的；consciou

10、s 意识到的。根据语境可知是如果你感到绝望。9.C 从下文的“and have a cigarette”可知，如果你没那么坚强了。 stick 坚持；continue 继续；weaken 变弱；insist 坚持。10 .A 再试一次，你终究会成功的。eventually 意为“最终”，符合语境；constantly 不断地；occasionally 偶然地；normally 正常地。根据语境可知 A 项正确。第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)Si nee the start of reform and ope nin g-up, Shen zhe n11.

11、(grow) from a small fishingvillage to a modemcity, with its GDP12. (increase) soaring from less than 200 million yuan in（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）4 / 2321980 to 2.4 trillion yuan in 2018.With a population of 12 million people, the 13. (south) city is known for its stronginnovation capabil

12、ities. It is home 14. more than 14,000 national high-tech gia nts, i ncludi ngHua-Wei and Tencent.Wang Xiaoguang, a professor of economics at the NationalAcademy ofGover nan ce, said in 15. article published on Aug 3 in the Outlook Weekly, a magazine 16.(attach) to Xinhua NewsAgency, that manygood e

13、xamples of Chinas reform and ope nin g-uporigi nated in Shen zhe n.It has accumulated valuable experie nee for Chin as reform and ope nin g-up17._modern construction,and has made significant18._ (contribute) toexplori ng the path of socialism with Chin ese characteristics, Wang said.The esse ntial f

14、eature of socialism with Chin ese characteristics is theleadership of the Party, 19. plays a central role in adjusting the overallsituation, he said ,20. (refer) to Shenzhen as a good example of handling the relati on shipbetwee n market and gover nment since Chin as reform and ope nin g-up bega n.【

15、答案】11. has grow n12. in creas in gly13. souther n14. to15. an16. attached 17. and 18. con tributi ons 19. which20. referri ng【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现代化的城 市，它为中国的改革开放和现代建设积累了宝贵经验，为探索中国特 色社会主义道路做出了重要贡献。11. 考查时态。句意：改革开放以来，深圳已经从一个小渔村发展成为一个现代化的城市。since 引导的时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词常用现在完成时，Shenzhen 是（北

16、京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）5 / 232句子主语。故填 has grown。12. 考查副词。句意：深圳的 GDP 从 1980 年的不到 2 亿元人民币猛增到 2018 年的 2.4万亿元人民币。修饰动词soar 用副词，in crease (增加)是动词，它的副词是increasingly(不断增加地)。故填 increasingly 。13. 考查形容词。句意：深圳这个南方城市拥有1200 万人口，以其强大的创新能力而闻名。使用形容词修饰名词 city 作定语，south（南方）是名词，它的形容词是 southern（南方的）。故填 south

17、ern 。14. 考查固定搭配。句意：它是包括华为和腾讯在内的 14,000 多家国家高科技企业所在地。固定词组 be home to 的意思是“为. 的所在地”。故填 to。15. 考查冠词。句意：王小光教授在一篇文章中说，中国改革开放的许多很好的例子 起源于深圳。根据句意此处泛指“一篇文章” ，所以使用不定冠词。 article 是以元音 音素开头的单词。故填 an。16. 考查非谓语动词。句意： 展望周刊是新华社的一本杂志。 be attached to 附 属于。分析句子结构， 谓语动词是 said ， attach 是非谓语动词， 因此使用 attached to 短语作后置定语修饰

18、 magazine。故填 attached。17. 考查并列连词。句意：深圳为中国的改革开放和现代化建设积累了宝贵经验。该 空应填入并列连词连接 Chinas reform and opening-up 和 modern construction 。故 填 and。18. 考查名词。句意：深圳为探索中国特色社会主义道路做出了重要贡献。固定词组make contributions to意为“为做贡献”。故填 contributions 。19. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：王小光教授说，中国特色社会主义的根本特征是 党的领导，它在调整大局中起着中心作用。分析句子结构可知，此处需填入引导非限 定性

19、定语从句的关系词，先行词是 the leadership of the Party ，从句缺主语，所以 填 which。故填 which。6 / 23920. 考查非谓语动词。句意：王小光教授提到深圳是中国改革开放以来处理市场与政 府关系的一个很好的例子。分析句子结构可知， refer 是非谓语动词，它与句子主语 he 是主动的关系，应使用现在分词 referring 。故填 referring 。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节， 38 分）（北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）7 / 235（北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解

20、析）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AKQEDis a Public Broadcasting Service station in California, US. The station is owned byNorthern California Public Broadcasting. Someof its radio programs are as follows:The CoolerAs one of the most popular programs among young listeners

21、, the Cooler is a podcast（ 博客 ） about pop culture stories and music, presented in a smart, fun and personal way. Comeand join us on our journey.Time: MON-THU, 8 pm 9 pm. Here & NowA live production, in cooperation with stations across the country, Here& Now reflects the world of news as its

22、happening in the middle of the day, with timely,in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin YoungTime: MON-THU, 11am 1 pm Mind ShiftThe Mind Shift podcast explores the innovations （创新 ） in education thatare shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listener

23、s toeducators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improvehow kids learn. They cover topics like how teachers are developing surprising methods todeal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts is helping kids develop reading8 / 239skills.（北京专用） 2021 届高三

24、英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）9 / 235Time: THU-SUN, 7 pm9 pm Living on EarthLiving on Earth is a weekly news and information program about the worldschanging environment, ecology, and humanhealth. If theres something new about climatechange, environmental politics or environmental quality and human health,

25、you can count onHost Steve Curwood and the LOE public radio news team to keep you up to date.Time: WED, 9 am 10 am21. At what time can the audience enjoy pop culture stories?A. Tuesday, 8 pm 9pm. B. Wednesday, 9 am 10 am.C. Friday, 8 pm 9pm.D. Sunday, 7pm 9pm.22. From which radio program can listene

26、rs pick up news at noon?A. The Cooler. B. Here & Now.C. Mind Shift. D. Living on Earth.23. Which of these topics might be covered in Living on Earth?A. Education policies. B. Economic problems.C. Human population. D. Global warming.【答案】 A B D 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国加利福尼亚的公共广播服务中心 KQED 的节目，包括节目内容、播

27、出时间等。21. 细节理解题。根据文中“ The Cooler ”这一部分提到“ As one of the most popularprograms amongyoung listeners, the Cooler is a podcast（博客）about pop culture stories andmusic, ” the cooler 是关于流行音乐的节目，其播出时间为周一至周（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）10 / 238四，根据题目要求，A 项符合题意，故选 A。22. 细节理解题。文章“ Here & Now”部分提到该节目播出

28、时间为周一至周四，上午 11 点至下午 1 点，B 项符合题意，故选 B。23. 细节理解题。文章“ Living on Earth ”部分提到“ Living on Earth is a weeklynews and information program about the worlds changing environment, ecology, andhumanhealth. ”该节目是关于全球环境、生态、人类健康等方面。D 项符合题意，故选 D。BIn the trailer （ 拖车式房屋），Sischo was refreshing the snails （锅牛）accommod

29、atio ns-a n ongoing routi ne that takes days of careful work. He had found a doze nof Achati nellabulimoides-a third of the worlds populati onof the species. Once every in dividual was acco un ted for, he clea ned the cage and packed innew leaves. The work took much trouble, but the resp on sibility

30、, he said, was like “ a heavyweight sitt ing on you. ”The trailer is very vulnerable . It s designed to keep away would-be thieved, and to resisthurricanes.But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease couldsweep through it. Last September , a mystery pathog on （病原体）appeared to have enteredthe tr

31、ailer on leaves fed to the snails, killingalmost an entire species.As sad as the eve nt was, there s no good way to in sure aga inst future catastrophe. Thesnails can t simply be spread amongzoos or other facilities: theyneed special equipment,experieneed handlers, and a diet of native Hawaiian pla

32、nts.（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）11 / 238Consequently, it can be hard for the snails minders to relax, even when12 / 239（北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）theyare outside the trailer. “Howdo you switch off when your decisions mean existence orextinction? Sischo said. While action lightens

33、the burden, yet with animals whose naturalhistory is largely unknown, that action can be dangerous. If you do it wrong, the snails die. ”Snails are neither intelligent nor beloved. Sischos friends sometimes tease him aboutbeing the strange snail guy ; strangers ask why he cares. Its hard to convince

34、 people, but heinsists that if he can just get them in the trailer, they will understand why the Achatinellabulimoides are worth saving. People melt, he said “Whenyou showthem that the entirepopulation is in this chamber, it hits them.24. What is the trailer used for?A. Accommodating guestsB. Shelte

35、ring snailsC. Planting vegetables.D. Alarming thieves.25. What does the underlined word“vulnerable mean in paragraph?A. Quite.B. Safe.C. Easily affected.D. Well protected.26. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?A. The Last of Its KindB. The Worst of TimesC. Mourn Its LossD. R

36、esist Possible Dangerous【答案】 B C C A 【解析】本文为说明文。主要说明为了拯救濒临灭绝的蜗牛物种，人类为它们制作了 特殊的设备 - 拖车式房屋，经验丰富的驯养员和夏威夷本地植物的饮食，这些都有益 于蜗牛的保护北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）24. 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容“ The trailer. Its designed to keep awaywould-be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroyit, or a d

37、isease could sweep through it. .As sad as the event was, theresno good way to insure against future catastrophe. The snails cant simply bespread among zoos or other facilities: they need special equipment.”可知，拖车房屋很脆弱。它的设计是为了避免可能被盗，抵御飓风。但是火灾很容易摧毁它， 或者疾病可以席卷它。 . ，但没有好的办法来防止未来的灾难。蜗牛不能简单地在动物园或其他设施中生存：它们

38、需要特殊的设备 . 。这个特殊的设备就是 the trailer 。由此可知，这个和 the trailer 是给蜗牛住的房子，是收容蜗牛，为其遮风 挡雨的。分析选项可知，故 B 项符合题意。25. 猜测词义题。根据划线词 The trailer is very vulnerable 后的内容 “ It s designed to keepaway would-be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroy it, or a diseasecould sweep through it. Last Sep

39、tember , a mystery pathogen appeared to have entered thetrailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species. ”拖车房屋的设计是为了防止潜在的盗窃，并抵御飓风。但是一场火灾可以轻易地摧毁它，或者一种疾病可以席卷它。由此 可推断出，这种拖车房屋很容易被火烧，疾病可摧毁它，所以它是易受其他因素影响 的。故选 C。26. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“ . He had found a dozen of Achatinellabulimoides -a thi

40、rd of the worlds population of the species”一天他发现了12 种蜗牛，占世界蜗牛总数的三分之一。第二段中的“ Last September , a mystery pathogon（病原体） appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost anentire species.” 去年 9 月 , 一个谜似的 （ 病原体进入北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）10 / 2310北京专用） 2021 届高三英语

41、下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）15 / 2311了拖车中蜗牛吃的树叶 , 几乎杀死整个物种。 第三段中的“ Howdo you switch off when yourdecisions mean existence or extinction?” Sischo said 。“你的决定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么能不担心呢？你的决定会影响它们的生存或毁灭，你怎么 能不担心呢？”由此可推断出：这种蜗牛的数量极少，也就是说“这种物种最后的几 条蜗牛“。分析选项可知 A 项“这种物种最后的几条蜗牛”为短文最佳标题。故选 A。CFood experts say washing could

42、spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink ornearby food. But its been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing（冲洗） off rawpoultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and arelegally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is

43、 that nobody eats theirpoultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.The do not wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhapshasnt caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean,said Chapman.Benjamin Chapman,a study author an

44、d food safety expert at North CarolinaState University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades whenpeople relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing handsand surfaces are also important.But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs

45、from poultry can be spread even ifits not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken16 / 2312（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4 （含解析）with a harmless strain of E. coli（大肠杆菌）and watched volun teer cooks attest kitche

46、ns. Amongthose who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended upspreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chickengot germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys:melting and cooking.To ensure a bird is thorou

47、ghly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that thedeepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked,you arent out of the dan ger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say theyshould be refrigerated after two hours.27. People dont acc

48、ept USDAs advice because_.A. the advice is relatively newB. clea ning seems more trustworthyC. cooks clea n the turkey before cook ing itD. heat can kill most germs and no one eats raw food28. What can be con cluded from Paragraph 4?A. Food packages carry germs.B. Hands and surfaces are easy to get

49、E. coli.C. Germs from a turkey can be spread whether it is washed or not.D. Multiple methods should be applied to food to get rid of germs.29. Which way may help to cook a turkey safely?A. Rinse off the turkey before it is heated.B. Keep the turkey away from the lettuce and refrigerator.C. Wash hand

50、s and packages before tak ing out the turkey.北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）17 / 2313D. Use a thermometer to check the temperature of the turkey.30. From which section of a magazine is the text probably taken?A. Culture.B. Science.C. Education.D. Medicine.【答案及解析】 B C D B 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在

51、厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火 鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播， 同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡。27. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ The do not wash raw poultry advice from theUSDAis relativelynew and perhaps hasnt caught on because it goes againstthe common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. ”可知，查 普曼说，美国农业部提出的“不清

52、洗生禽”的建议相对较新，但可能还没有流行起来， 因为这违背了人们普遍认为的“清洗可以使东西干净”的观念，由此可知，人们不接 受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗似乎更值得信赖，故B 项正确。28. 推理判断题。 根据第四段中的 “Amongthose whowashedtheir raw chicken, about aquarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did notrinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And the

53、re are other opportunities for germs tosurvive on turkeys: melting and cooking. ” 可知，在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中，约四分之一的人最终将细菌传播到生菜上，但即使 是一些没有清洗鸡肉的人，生菜上也有细菌，火鸡身上的细菌还有其他生存的机会： 融化和烹饪，由此可知，不管火鸡是否被清洗，它身上的细菌都会传播，故C 项正确。29. 细节理解题。 根据最后一段中的“ To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试

54、卷 4（含解析）18 / 2313a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it19 / 2314（北京专用） 2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）havereached 165 degrees. ”可知，为了确保一只家禽被彻底煮熟，他们说要用温度 计检查它最深和最厚的部分是否达到 165 度，由此可知，用温度计检查火鸡的温度有 助于安全地烹饪火鸡，故 D 项正确。30. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽 或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部

55、的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火 鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡， 这属于科学范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出自于杂志的科学版块，故B 项正确。DThe new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Manycitizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash.Thankfully, authorities have releas

56、ed an official guideline to explain the new rules.The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public SanitationBureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds if waste: recyclable waste, harmfulwaste, household food waste and residual （剩余 ）waste.A team from the U. K.s National

57、 Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicineexamined 14 lean and overweight men and analyzed their metabolic （新陈代谢 ）health. The participants were either assignedHarmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like usedbatteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pest

58、icides.Household food waste which is translated to wet trash” in Chinese refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM20 / 2315（北京专用）2021 届高三英语下学期 5 月全真模拟试卷 4（含解析）herbs（ 中药 ） and flowers.Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles （纺织品） are counted as recyclable waste.Th

59、e definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed abovebelongs to this category.As specificas the new guidelineis, residentsstillhave a hard time sortingtrash correctlyand are findingitchallengingtomemorize them all. Forinstance, bothplastic bottlesand bubble teaor co

60、ffee cupsare plasticmaterials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongsto residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own way to sorttrash.Weshould do this from a pigs angle, commentedone netizen. Those edible （ 可食用 ）for pigs are household f