神经外科英语专业词汇

1、tape 1 side a中枢神经系central ncrvous system 脊髓spinalcord颈段cervical segment 颈膨大cervical enlargement 胸段thoracic segment腰（舐）段lumbar segment腰膨大lumbar enlargement 脊髓圆锥medullary cone 牧幺幺terminal thread 终室terminal ventricle 前正中裂anterior median fissure 后正中沟posterior median sulcus 后外侧沟posterolateral sulcus 后中间沟

2、posterior intermediate sulcus脊髓索funiculi of spinal cord 前索anterior funiculus侧索lateral funiculus后索posterior funiculus脊髓断面sections of spinal cord 中央管central canal灰质gray matter灰质柱gray column 前柱anterior column侧柱lateral column后柱posterior column前角anterior horn侧角lateral horn后角posterior horn后尖角tip of poster

3、ior horn中间灰质中央部centre of intermediate gray matter中间灰质外侧部lateral portion ofintermediate gray matter 胶状质gelatinous substanee背核dorsal nucleus网状结构raticular formation白质white matter白质前连合anterior white commissure 前索anterior funiculus锥体前束anterior pyramidal(corticospinal) tract 前庭脊髓束vestibulospinal tract 脊髓丘

4、脑前朿ventral spinothalamic tract 固有束proper bundle侧索lateral funiculus锥体侧束lateral pyramidal(corticospinal) tract 脊髓小脑前朿ventral spinocerebellar tract脊髓小脑后束dorsalspinocercbeli ar tract 脊髓顶盖束spinotectal tract 顶盖脊髓束tectospinal tract 脊髓丘脑侧束lateral spinothalamic tract 网状脊髓束reticulospinal tract 红核脊髓束rubrospina

5、l tract后外侧束dorsolateral fasciculus 后索dorsal funiculus薄束slender fasciculus 楔束wedge-shaped fasciculus后脑metencephalon髓脑myelencephalon延髓medulla obiongala后正中沟posterior median sulcus前正中裂anterior median fissure 锥体pyramid锥体交叉decussation of pyramid 前外侧沟anterolateralsulcus后外侧沟posterolateralsulcus橄榄体olive绳状体re

6、stiform body 侧索lateral funiculus 楔结节cuneate tubercle 棒状体nuclei gracilis 外弓状纤维external arcuate fibers延髓的断面sections of medullaeoblongatae 缝际raphe萎脑被盖背侧副橄榄核tegmentum rhombencephalidorsal accessory olivary舌下神经核nucleushypoglossal rmcleus弓状核疑核arcuate nucleusnucleus ambiguus内弓状纤维迷走神经背核internal arcuate fibe

7、rsdorsal nucleus of vagus网状结构闰核reticular formationintoreal ary nucleus内侧纵束孤束medial 1ongitudinaltractus sol itariusfasciculus孤束核背侧纵束sol itary nucleusdorsa1 1ongi tud i na1舌咽神经背核fasciculusdorsal nucleus of丘系交叉glossopharyngeal n.decussation of lemniscus三叉神经脊髓束内侧丘系spinal tract of trigeminalmediallemnisc

8、usn.三叉神经脊橄榄小脑束髓束核nucleus ofolivocerebellart ractthe spinal tract of锥体朿trigeminal n.pyramidal tract薄束核皮质脑神经核束nucleus graciliscorticonuclear tract楔束核皮质脊髓束nucleus of cuneatuscorticospinal tract侧索核第4脑室lateral nueleusfourth ventricle外侧楔核菱形窝latera cuneatus nucleusrhomboid fossa橄榄核正中沟inferior olivary nuele

9、usmedicin sulcus橄榄核门外侧隐窝hilus of olivary nucleuslateral recess内侧副橄榄核界沟medial accessory olivarylimiting groovenucleus下窝inferior pit上窝superior pit舌下三角trigone of hypoglossal n. 髓纹medulary stria内侧隆起median eminence面神经丘facial colliculus迷走神经三角（灰翼）trigone of vagus n. 前庭区vestibular area 蓝斑locus coeruleus第4脑室

10、顶roof of fourth ventricle 后髓帆inferior medullary velum 前髓帆superior medullary velum 前髓帆系带frenulum of superior medullary velum 第4脑室带taeniae of fourth ventricle 闩obex第4脑室脉络组织chorioid tela of fourth ventricle 正中孔foramen of magendie外侧孔foramen of luschka 后脑metencephalon脑桥pon s基底沟basilar sulcus小脑屮脚middle ce

11、rebellar peduncle 脑桥背部dorsal portion of pons外展神经核nucleus of abducent n.三叉神经运动核motor nucleus of trigeminaln.三叉神经感觉主核sensory nucleus of trigeminal n.三叉神经中脑核mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal n.三叉神经脊髓束spinal tract of trigeminaln 面神经核facial nucleus面神经膝germ of facial n.位听神经核nucleus ofvestibulocochlear n

12、.耳蜗腹核、背核ventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus前庭神经核vestibular nueleus小脑cerebellum 小脑回cerebellar gyriquadrangular lobule小脑裂简单小叶cerebellar fissuresimple lobule小脑谷上半月叶cerebellar crevicesuperior semilunar lobule水平裂下半月叶horizontal fissureinferior semilunar lobule首裂髓母细胞瘤primary fissuremedulloblastoma次裂室管膜瘤sec

13、onary fissureependymoma后外侧裂少枝胶质瘤posterolateral fissureoligodendroglioma蚓部脑膜瘤vermismeninioma小脑舌难染性腺瘤cerebellar lingulachromophobe adenoma中央小叶嗜酸性腺瘤central lobuleeosinophil adenoma山顶颅咽管瘤culmencran i ophar yng i oma山坡神经瘤decliveneuroim蚓小叶听神经瘤folium of vermisacoustic tumours蚓结节血管母细胞瘤tuber of vermi shacman

14、giob1 astoma蚓锥恶性的pyramid of vermismalignant蚓垂奇异现象uvula of vermisparadox蚓小结松果体瘤nodulepineal tumour小脑半球分流cerebellar hemisphereshort-circuiting procedures屮央叶翼预后wing of central lobuleprognosis方叶先天性肿瘤congenital tumour 神经胶质增生gliosis脓肿abscess蛛网膜下腔出血subarachnoid haemorrhage 退行发育，间变anaplasia活检biopsy形成因素causa

15、tire factor头皮瘢迹scalp scar不可达到的inaccessible 缓和remission癌瘤carcinomatosis 畸胎瘤teratoma上皮样成分epithe ii al elements 胆脂瘤choiestcatoma珍珠瘤pearly tumours 上皮样囊肿epidermoids cyst看索瘤cordoma姑息的方法palliative procedures降低脑压reducing brain tension 控制呼吸controlled respirat ion 高渗液hypertonic solutions 低温hypothermia低血压hypot

16、ension探查exploration放疗radiotherapy放疗敏感的肿瘤radiosensitive tumours 并发症complications细胞毒药cytotoxic drugs皮瓣scalp flap骨瓣bone flap发热和感染pyrexia and infecti on 中枢性高热central hyperpyrexi a 伤口感染wound i nfcction 脑膜炎meningitis尿路感染urinary infection 腮腺炎parotitis骨髓炎osteomyelitis预防性抗抽搐药prophylacticanticonvulsants癫痫持续状态

17、status epilepticus 角膜炎keratitis 睑缝术tarsorraphy 可疑肿瘤复发suspected tumour recurrence 颅内血肿i ntracranial c lot标准criteria意识恶化detcriorating conscions level 同侧瞳孔扩大dilated ipsilateral pupil 脉搏减慢falling pulse rate 鼾息状周期呼吸stertorous periodic respiration 硬膜外血块extradural clot 硬膜内血块intradural clot 沾血的敷料blood-soake

18、d dressings 缝线脓肿stitch abscesses蜂窝织炎cel 1ulitis抗菌素antibiotics脑脊液漏csf leak 鼻溢rhinorrhoea血性液bloodstained flui d 鞘内intrathecal 肺栓塞pulmonary embolism 钻孔burr hole 大伦丁 (笨妥英钠) epanutin (di 1 antin) 苯巴比妥phenobarbitone眼睑肿胀swclling of the eyelids 角膜干燥，擦伤corneal drying and abrasion 神经麻痹性角膜炎 neuroparalytic kera

19、titis 溃疡ulceration 放射性坏死radionecrosis垂体机能低下危象hypopituitary crise s 退行性变化anaplastic change囊内切除intracapsular removal 钻孔活检burr hole biopsy 囊性星形c瘤cystic astrocytoma 矢状窦旁parasagittai 凸面convexity 漠沟olfactory groove7前囱bregma 垂体机能低下ilypopitu it ar ism垂体卒中pituitary apoplexy 肢端肥大acromegaly内分泌过盛endocri no exce

20、ss内分泌不足endocrino failure额部入路forntal approach经蝶手术trans-sphenoidal operation 鼻nose开颅术craniotomy下丘脑hypothalamus 慢性不足chronic deficiency 替代疗法replacement therapy 垂体切除hypophysectomy强的松cortisone甲状腺素thyroxine 甲基睾丸素methyltestosteronetape 2 side b阳萎impotence 性欲libido性交i木1难dyspareunia 生殖器萎缩genital atrophy 乙烯雌酚s

21、tilboestrol 胃肠gastro-intestinal脱水dehydration多尿polyuria损坏，讨厌nuisance癒病的hysterical加压素vasopressin比重specific gravity 高渗osmo 1arity死亡率和伤残率mortality and morbidity 内听道internal auditory meatus 耳鸣tinnitus 黄变xanthochromia全切total removal 癌性脑膜炎carcinomatous meningitis 血管瘤angiomas成血管细胞性脑膜瘤angioblastic meningioma

22、 大脑半球cerebral hemispheres 小脑半球cerebellar hemispheres 视神经孔optic foramen 眶上裂superior orbital fissure 眼球突出proptosis突出protrusion 突眼计exophthalmometer 颈a-海绵窦漏carotico-cavernous fistula 眶内肉芽肿orbi tai granuloma 眼肌麻痹ophthalmoplegia眼球运动ocu1 ar movement眶-颅入路orbi to-cranial approach头皮和颅骨损伤scalp and skull injury

23、 原发伤primary lesions 弥漫性损伤diffuse neuronal damage 神经纤维撕伤shearing lesions of nerve fibers挫伤和裂伤contusion and laceration继发伤secondary lesions 脑肿胀brain swelling 严重损伤overwhelming injury 颅骨骨折skull fracture压缩骨折depressed fracture 生命功能vital functions入院标准critcria for admission to hospital插管intubalion气切tracheost

24、omy 气肿aerocele烦躁不安restlessness瞳孔扩大pupi1lary dilatation 婴儿的infantiic 耳漏otorrhoca 缺水water dephetion 尿毒症uraemia 杂音bruit颈总结扎common carotid ligation 颅骨成形术cranioplastytrifurcation颅内a痛缄默症intracranial aneurysmsmutism病因扩张aetiologydistension痛颈夹闭栓子clipping of nechthrombi包裹动脉痉挛wrppingarterial spasm远端结扎分叉proxima

25、l ligationbifureation孤立斜视trappingexternal strabismus射毛术诱因pilojectionprecipitating cause缺rfll性脑血管病深昏迷occlusive cerebro-vasculardeeply comatosedisease粥保守治疗样瘤conservative treatmentatheroma清血肿血栓evacuation of haematomathrombosis再通和重建抗凝剂disobliteration andanticoagulanlsreconstructive动脉硬化性梭形扩张病fusiform art

26、erioscleroticphysiopathologydilatation耳炎囊状a瘤otitissaccular aneurysm窦炎霉菌a瘤sinusitismycotic aneurysm血凝性结节性多a炎haematogenouspolyarteritis nodosa脑实质内弹力层parenchymal(brain)internal elastic lamina化脓性脑膜炎缩窄pyogenic meningitiscoarc ta/tion耳源脓肿三叉otogenic abscess无菌性脑膜炎aseptic meningitis 硬膜下积液subdural effusions囊性

27、囊肿hydatid cysts 肿物neoplasm颈cervical胸thoracic腰lumbar神经纤维瘤neurofibroma麻痹paralysis 脊髓横断性伤transverse spinal lesion 植物神经的autonomic锥体束pyramidal tract 痉挛性力弱spastic weakness 脊丘束spinothalamic tract 半切hemisection 放射痛radicular pain束带痛girdle pain 马尾cauda equina 软瘫flaccid paraplegia无张力膀胱atonic bladder舐段sacral se

28、gment脊髓造影myelography椎管梗阻spinal block 碘苯酯myodil脊髓移位cord displaced蒂pedicle葡萄球菌的staphylococcal间盘脱出prolapsed intervertebral disc 蛛网膜囊肿arachnoid cyst 脊髓空洞syringomyelia 骨骼畸形skeletal dcformity 脊椎后侧凸kyphoscoliosis颈椎畸形craniovertebral anomaly 软骨发育不全achondroplasis 脊椎前移spondylolisthesis脊髓纵裂diastematomyelia 髓内肿瘤

29、intramedullary tumour 关节强硬性脊椎炎ankylosing spondylitis 康复rehabilitation颈椎关节强硬cervical spondylosis臂神经病brachial neuropathy 退化degeneration突出protrusion扩约肌sphincter坐骨神经痛sciatica臀buttock骨费osteophytes颈椎融合fusion of adjacent cervical vertebrat寰椎atlas寰枕的atloido-occipital膜分流thecal shunts少年和成人juvenile and adult脑室

30、脑池切开术ventriculo-cisternostomy阴性双脊髓spinal bifida occulta束性双脊髓spinal bifida cystica 止痛relief of pain外科处理surgical intervent ion 脊神经后根切开posterior rhirotomy 脊髓前侧切开术cordotomy 前连合切开术anterior commisurotomy 束切断术tractotomy 丘脑切开术 thai amotomy 脑白质切断术 lcucotomy 神经痛neuralgia 灼痛causalgia神经抽出术nerve avulsions 根切断术ro

31、ot section 舌咽神经痛glossopharyngeal neuralgia 不典型面痛atypical facial pai n 立体定向外科stereotaxic surgery 套管插管qrnnuki适应症和禁忌症indications andcontraindications 肥胖，高脂obesity咽下困难dysphagia构音障碍dysarthria 畸形，变形 deformities 动做迟缓 bradykinesia 顽固性痛intractable pain 细胞生物学microbiology 免疫组化immunology 组织培养tissue culture 神经生理

32、neurophysiology 单克隆抗体monoclonal antibodies 内科internal medicine 泌尿科urology 血液病hematology 妇产科obstetrics-gynecology gyn) 骨科orthopedics 胸外科thoracic surgery 皮肤科dermatology 性病sexually transmitted diseases爱滋病aids下颌神经mandibular n. 外展神经abducent n. 面神经facial a 面神经膝geniculum of facial n 膝状神经节genicular ganglion

33、 位听神经vestibulocochlear n. 前庭神经vestibular portion 前庭神经节vestibular ganglion 舌咽神经glossopharyngeal n. 迷走神经(ob- vagus n.副神经accessory n. 延髓根cranial root 脊髓根spinal root 舌下神经hypoglossal n. 颈神经cervical n. 枕小神经lesser occipital n. 耳大神经great auricular n.intervertebral foramen臂丛脊神经沟brachial plexusgroove for spin

34、al nerve脊柱棘突vertebral columnspinous process颈椎横突cervical vertebraetransverse process隆椎横突肋凹prominent vertebraefacet for tubercle of rib胸椎横突前结节thoracic vertebraeanterior tubercle of腰椎transverse processlumbar vertebrae颈动脉结节骨氐椎carotid tuberclesacral vertebrae横突孔尾椎transverse foramencoccygeal vertebrae上关节突

35、椎体superior articular processvertebral body下关节突上肋凹inferior articular processsuperior costal facet肋突下肋凹costal processinferior costal facet副突椎管accessory processvertcbral canal乳状突椎孔mamillary processvertcbral foramen环椎椎弓atlasvertebral arch侧块椎弓根lateral massespedicle of vertebral arch上关节凹椎弓板superior articu

36、lar fovealamina of vertebral arch下关节凹椎骨上切迹inferior articular foveasuperior vertebral notch前弓椎骨下切迹anterior archinferior vertebral notch齿凹椎间孔fovea for dens枢椎axis 齿突 dens 紙骨sacrum 颅骨skull枕骨occipital bone枕骨大孔foramen magnum 枕鳞occipital squama人字缘lamboid border 舌下神经管hypoglossal canal 颈静脉结节jugular tubercle

37、颈静脉切迹jugular notch枕外隆突external occipital protuberance 枕外隆突尖inion枕外箱external occipital crest 最上项线highest nuchal line 上项线superior nuchal line 下项线inferior nuchal line 十字隆起cruciform eminence枕内隆突internal occipital protuberance 枕内悄internal occipital crest 上矢状沟groove for superiorsagittai sinus 横沟groove for

38、 transverse sinus 乙状沟groove for sigmoid sinus 蝶骨sphenoid bone 蝶鞍sella turcica 鞍结节tubercle of sellae 中床突middle clinoid process 垂体窝hypophyseal fossa 鞍背dorsum seilae 后床突posterior clinoid process 颈动脉沟carotid sulcus 蝶悄sphenoidal crest 蝶窦sphenoidal sinus 小翼lesser wings 视神经管optic canal 前床突anterior clinoid

39、process 眶上裂superior orbital fissure 大翼greater wings 圆孔foramen rotundum卵圆孔foramen ovale 棘孔foramen spinosum 蝶骨棘spine of sphenoid bone 咽鼓管沟sulcus of auditory tube 颍骨temporal bone 岩部petrous portion 乳突mastoid process 乳突切迹mastoi d notch乙状沟groove for sigmoid sinus 面神经管facial canal 面神经管膝geniculum of facial

40、canal 岩尖pctrous apex 颈动脉管carotid canal岩上沟groove for superior petrosalsinus内耳门internal acoustic port 内耳道intcrnal acoustic meatus前庭导水管aqueduct of vestibule 岩下沟groove for inferior petrosal sinus 颈静脉切迹 jugular notch 颈静脉窝 jugular fossa外耳道 external 外耳门 external 顶骨 parietal 顶结节 parietal 上颛线 superior 下憑线inf

41、erior 上矢状沟acoustic acoustic bone tuber temporal temporalmeatus foranie nline1 inegroove for superior sagittal sinus 乙状沟groove for sigmoid sinus 额骨frontal bone 额结节frontai tuber眉弓superciliary arches 眉间glabella眶上缘supraorbital margins 眶上孔或眶上切迹supra-orbital foramen or16notch眶部pars orbitalis额突zygomatic pr

42、ocess 筛骨ethmoid bone 鸡冠crista galli 颅底内面internal surface of base of skull颅前窝anterior cranial fossa 颅屮窝middle cranial fossa 颅后窝posterior cranial fossa 斜坡clivus指压迹digital impressions静脉沟groove for v. 动脉沟groove for a.颗粒小凹granular foveolae 颛窝temporal fossa 额弓zygomatic arch 频下窝1nfratemporal fossa 翼腭窝ptcry

43、gopalatine fossa 颈静脉孔jugular foramen蝶岩裂spheno-petrosal fissure 岩枕裂petro-occipital fissure 破裂孔foramen lacerum 冠状缝coronary suture 矢状缝sagi ttal suture 人字缝lambdoi d suture 枕乳突缝 occipitomastoid suture 蝶额缝sphenofrontal suture 蝶筛缝sphenoethmoidal suture 蝶鳞缝sphenosquamous suture 蝶顶缝sphenoparietal suture 鳞缝sq

44、uamous suture额缝frontai suture 顶乳突缝 parietomastoid suture 鳞乳突缝squcimosomastoid suturetape 2 side a额额缝frontozygomatic suture 颖顒缝temporozygomatic suture 环枢正中关节median atlantoaxial joint腰肋韧带环枢外侧关节lumbocostal lig.lateral atlantoaxial joint肋横突孔关节囊costotransverse foramenarticular capsule胸肋关节翼状韧带sternocostal

45、 jointsalar lig.脑动脉齿突间韧带cerebral a.apical dental lig.脑底动脉环环椎十字韧带cerebral errtcrial circlecruciform lig. of atlas后交通动脉纵束postcrior communicating alongitudinal band脉络膜前动脉环椎横韧带anterior choroidal a.transverse lig. of atlas大脑前动脉复膜anterior cerebral a.tectorial membrane前交通动脉肋椎关节anterior communicating a.cost

46、overtebral joints皮质支肋小头关节cortical branchesjoints of heads of ribs眶支关节囊orbital branchesarticular capsule额支肋小头辐状韧带frontal branchesradiate lig. of heads of顶支ribs肋小头parietal branches关节间韧带intra-中央支articular lig. of headscentral branchesof ribs肋横突关大脑中动脉节middle cerebral a.costotransverse joints皮质支肋横突韧带cort

47、ical branchescostotransverse lig.眶支肋横突上韧带orbital branchessuperior costotransverse额支lig.肋横突frontal branches侧韧带顶支lateral costotransverse lig.parietal branches颛支temporal branches 中央支central branches 豆纹支striate branches 椎动脉vertebral a.脊支spinal branches脊髓后动脉posterior spinal a.脊髓前动脉anterior spinal a. 小脑后下

48、动脉posterior inferior cerebellara.基底动脉basi lar a.小脑前下动脉anterior inferior cerebellar a.迷路动脉labyrinthine a.桥支pontine arteries小脑上动脉superior cerebellar a. 大脑后动脉posterior cerebral a< 皮质支cortical branches 颖支temporal branches枕支occipital branches 顶枕支parietooccipital branch中央支central branches（后）脉络膜支chorioi

49、d branch 颈外静脉external jugular v. 枕静脉occipital v. 耳后静脉posterior auricular v. 颈前静脉antorior jugular v.颈静脉弓jugular arch硬脑膜窦venous sinus of dura mater 横窦transverse sinus 乙状窦sigmoid sinus 窦汇confluenee of sinuses 枕窦occipital sinus 基底静脉丛basilar plexus 上矢状窦superior sagittai si nus 窦外侧隐窝lateral lacunae下矢状窦inf

50、erior sagittai sinus 直窦straight sinus 岩下窦inferior petrosal sinus 迷路静脉labyrinthine v.19岩上窦纹状体静脉superior petrosal sinusstriate v.海绵窦大脑大静脉cavernous sinusgreat cerebral v.海绵间静脉窦大脑内静脉intercavernous sinusinternal cerebral v.蝶顶窦脉络丛静脉sphenoparietal sinuschoroid v.板障静脉脑膜中动脉diploic v.middle meningcal a.导血管脑膜副

51、动脉emi ssary v.accessory meningeal branch舌下神经管静脉丛lu 士venous plexus inpetrous branchhypoglossal canal鼓室上动脉卵圆孔静脉丛superior tympanic a.venous plexus in oval foramcn视盘颈动脉管静脉丛optic discvenous plexus in carotid视盘陷凹canal大脑上静excavation of optic disc脉黄斑maculasuperior cerebral v.中央凹大脑下静脉central foveainferior cerebral v.角膜大脑中浅静脉corneasuperficial middle cerebral巩膜v.上吻合静sclera脉半月神经节superior anastomotic v.trigeminal semilimar下吻合静脉ganglioninferior anastomotic v.颅内压增高基底静脉raised intracranialbasilar v.pressure大脑中深静脉颅腔deep middle cerebral v.cranial cavity大