2017年全国卷一高考英语真题单词短语知识点知识点汇总

1、 2017年全国卷一高考英语真题词汇知识点汇总 书面表达 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括： 1.时间和地点； 2.内容：学习唐诗； 3.课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文 Dear Leslie, How are you? I'm writing to tell you something about your next Chinese lesson. We'll still meet at my school, but not on Saturday

2、 as usual, since I'll have to participate in an English speech contest that day. So let's make it at three o'clock on Sunday afternoon. As you know, in order to have a good knowledge of Chinese, you are supposed to learn more about Chinese culture and history. Therefore, this time I will

3、 introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese. In addition, I advise you to learn about the brief history of the Tang dynasty in advance. It will surely help you in learning the poems. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Li Hua 参考词汇 书信体，邮件的问候语 Long time no se

4、e. 1.How are you? 2.How have you been? 3.How's everything going？ 4.How's it going? 5.How are things with you? 写信目的句式 1.I'm writing to you to present what I think about sth 2.I'm writing to you to tell you something about sth 约定地点 Meet+at+小地点 注意小词的使用 still, as usual 约定时间 In 年份 月份 早中晚

5、四季 At 时间点 On 星期 具体的某一天 具体的某一天的早中晚 Make it 一、用来表示规定时间,常与can,let等词连用.例如： A：Shall we meet next week?下星期我们见面,好吗? B：Yes.Let's make it next Sunday.好的,让我们约定下星期日吧。 Make it +(at)+时间点 二、用来表示达到预定目标；办成,做到；成功；发迹.例如： He wants to make it as a writer.他想作为作家而一举成名. 三、用来表示及时抵达；赶上.例如： He won't be able to make i

6、t home at Christmas.圣诞节时他到不了家. We'll make it with a minute or two to spare.我们能及时赶到,而且还可以早一两分钟. 表示有一些事要忙的理由 参加 take part in/participate in 英语演讲比赛 English speech contest/competition 运动活动 sports activity 众所周知 as we all know 如你所知的那样 as you know 本质上都是非限制性定语从句as 代替后面的一整句话 掌握好，精通 have a good knowledge/

7、command of sth 应该做某事 Should do sth Be supposed to do sth Be expected to do sth 了解某事 Learn about sth 注意which代替前面的一整句话的非限制性定语从句的使用 Be+adj=be +of+n Be important=be of importance Be significant=be of significance Be helpful=be of help 英语里还有的表达 Besides Also In addition Morever What is more Furthermore Pl

8、us 一些小词 诗 poem/poetry(统称) 提前 in advance 表建议的句子 1. It's necessary for you to do sth in advance. With more knowledge about sth, you will have a better understanding of sth./go smoothly进展的顺利 2. You had better do sth 3. I advice you to do sth 写信的结束语 Look forward to your early reply. Look forward to

9、hearing from you Hope to see you soon. Best wishes 短文改错 In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes bla

10、nk. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a sudde

11、nly stop just in the middle on the road. 71. 把eighteen改为eighteenth 【解析】该题考查序数词的用法，生日一般用序数词表示第几个生日，这里指18岁生日。 72. first前面加the或my 【解析】这里考查序数词前面用the，或者理解为我的第一天 73. so改为but或yet 【解析】这里考查连词的易错点。前后句意相反，所以可改为表示转折的but或yet。 74. goes改为went 【解析】这里考查时态的易错点。整篇文章是叙述发生过的事情，主题时态为一般过去时态，对比其它已知动词也可发现goes的错误。故goes改为went

12、。 75. words 【解析】这里考查名词复数。后面提及到的不止一个字，所以word要用复数words。 76. Turn 【解析】这里考查祈使句。祈使句的特点以动词原形开头。 77. 去掉much 【解析】much不能修饰形容词原级。 78. 把late改为later 【解析】late是“迟的，晚的”，而这里需要“之后”的意思later。 79. 把suddenly改为sudden【解析】这里考查形容词修饰名词做定语。后面的词是名词stop,前面是不定冠词a, 所以中间需要形容词sudden。 80. 把on改为of【解析】考查固定介词短语，in the middle of在的中间。 另外

13、:短文改错主要从词性 固定短语及句型的搭配两方面考虑 名词 单复数 可数不可数 动词 时态(单三) 语态 非谓语 形容词 三级变化 副词 与形容词的混淆 数词 基数词 序数词(前要加the与冠词结合考或形容词性物主代词) 代词 五大类代词混淆 或者代词指代错误 介词 多用 少用 误用 连词 误用考查前后句关系 冠词 定冠词不定冠词混用 漏用 多用 固定搭配靠平时积累 今年除代词外每种词性都考查到了 另外 1.holiday following 非谓语动词 因为是主动关系，所以使用ing 2.上车下车 get on/off the bus Get into/out of the car 3.in

14、struct 教 命令 指导 instructor教练 4. Once 做连词 一旦 一就=as soon as 5. 变得 go grow turn become 6. Blank 空白的 7. Altogether 完全 8. Tell告诉 辨别 9. Relief 舒了一口气 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was

15、started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the foo

16、d that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people

17、eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not

18、 to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 61. as【解析】该题在考查介词的用法。通过设空处后面的是冠词+名词的一个短语结构，可排除此处不需要冠词、代词和连词，所以只能是介词。结合句意，作为一种对抗心脏病的方式，填写as，“作为” 62. effects【解析】该题在考查名词单复数。该句理解为这种趋势已经有一些负面影响，例如过度肥胖和心脏病。这里出现了复数标志词some.所以effect需要用复数形式effects。 63

19、. to process【解析】这里考查require sb to do sth，这里是它的被动结构。 64. are removed【解析】这里考查when引导的时间状语从句，主将从现原则，重点考查从句部分用一般现在时态；根据句意要用被动语态。 65. a【解析】这里考查冠词的固定搭配，as a result,结果。 66. worse【解析】这里考查形容词副词的比较级的用法。比较级的标志词有even/far/much/a bit等。 67. is【解析】这里考查动词的时态。该句属于客观事实，应用一般现在时，而且侧重考查主谓一致。，例如过度肥胖和心脏病。这里出现了复数标志词some.所以ef

20、fect需要用复数形式effects。 68. eating【解析】这里考查介词+动名词的用法。 69. careful【解析】观察句子结构属于祈使句。设空处前面为系动词，做表语应该用形容 词。 70. which【解析】这里考查非限制性定语从句，指代前面一件事，所以用which来充当从句里面所缺少的主语。 另外 1.trend趋势 industry 行业 toward/towards朝向 content内容/含量Method/way/means方式方法 2.intend to do sth 打算做某事 Untended 非本意的 无意识的 Unintended side方面 effects副

21、作用 影响 influence/affect V/effect n 3.very+adj/adv十分，非常的 Very+n正是 4diet 饮食 require sb to do sth要求某人做某事 process n过程 v 加工，处理 injury伤 function 功能 recover from 从中恢复 5.and连接两个不可数名词不表示同一事物做主语时，谓语不用单三 6.as a result 结果 as a result of 由于 make up 化妆，弥补 7.可以用来修饰比较级的 much, a little, a bit, even, still, far 8.amou

22、nt数量 充满了 be full of/be filled with 10. urge n 强烈要求强烈愿望 v 强烈要求 11. go to extremes走极端 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found som

23、ething that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). I never felt an urge to43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The44 language were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would di

24、scover my45 for ASL. The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left

25、me 51 more. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could. The followi

26、ng term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the60 way of communication it opens. 41. A. searching B. planning C

27、. natural D. formal 42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion 43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create 44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken 45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request 46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task 47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed 48. A. id

28、ea B. amount C. dream D. reason 49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted 50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance 51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count 54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D.

29、obvious 55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize 56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for 57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated 58. A. Lastly B. Thus C. Instead D. However 59. A. required B. caused C. allowed D. expected 60. A. easy B. popular C. quick D. new 41. A 【解

30、析】第一句译文“一般来说，尽管高中不鼓励学生探索生活的新的方面，但是大学却为探索提供了平台。”两次提到了“explore”，所以我在大学自己亲身经历了探索的过程。search和explore同义词替换，下句的“found”也和search对应。 42.B 【解析】在大学阶段的探索过程中，我发现了一些改变了我人生经历的事情。冒号是解释作用后面是一种经历。 43.C 【解析】下文提到作者的家人和朋友都没有耳疾。所以在此之前，作者从来没有觉得有必要去学习手语。 44. D 【解析】上文提到朋友和家人都没有耳疾，所以口语足以应付日常的交流。 45. A 【解析】上文都在强调手语对作者来说是没有必要的。

31、所以作者从来没想过自己会喜欢上美式手语。以此来形成强烈的反差。 46.C 【解析】承接上文，开始讲述我学习美式手语的故事。 47.B 【解析】美式手语俱乐部在表演他们的节目的时候，我在一旁观看。 48. A 【解析】全靠手势，而不掺杂任何语言的交流方式深深地吸引了我。 49. D【解析】这种只靠手势，全程没有语言交流的方式深深地吸引着我。此处的attract和前面的love遥相呼应。 50.B 【解析】译文“我所看到的和我之前所经历的任何事情都不一样。”下文的newness新鲜感是与过去做的对比。所以选择past。 51. D【解析】译文“这种新鲜感让我想要更多的了解它。”下文提到“furth

32、er”更深的，更进一步的，wanting more与further为同义词替换。 52. B 【解析】“觉察到进一步探索它的需求，我决定再次参加一次美式手语俱乐部的聚会。”上文提到作者仅仅是观看了美式手语的表演，而下文提到作者在那一天学习了怎样用手语表达字母表，这是对美式手语的进一步了解和探索。而且文章多次出现“explore”一词，所以此题属于原词复现。 53. C 【解析】在当天我学会了怎样用手语表达字母表。“American Sign Language”也可以给出暗示。 54. A 【解析】discouraged “使失望，沮丧”表达的是消极的情感，所以slow progress“缓慢的

33、进步”也是消极的情感。两者在感情色彩上保持一致。并且与后面的excited形成对比。 55. C 【解析】词汇辨析题。当时作者只是个大学生，没有能力去sponsor“赞助”会议，也不能去organize“组织”会议，应为参与，参加会议。 56. D 【解析】词汇辨析题。下一学期，作者报名参加了美式手语这门课程。register for 注册，报名。 57. A【解析】词汇辨析题。上文提到教授听不见声音，所以课堂上不允许有任何的语言交流。结合下文unpleasant不令人高兴的。 58.C 【解析】逻辑连词题。上文说到“the silence was not unpleasant”双重否定表示肯

34、定。 沉默不是不好的。下文提到如果有交谈（不沉默），我们学到的东西更少。前后表达的是沉默与否所带来结果是相反的。所以选择instead，正相反。 59. B【解析】固定搭配。cause somebody to do something 导致某人做某事，给某人造成的结果 60. D【解析】对于作者而言，这种无声的交流方式是全新的体验。照应前文，同义词复现。 另外 1.while 当时候 表对比 2.generally 一般通常 3.explore探索 aspect方面 Set 设立 设置 stage 舞台 阶段go through 经历 sigh n标志 标记 手势 V 做标记 打手势 is h

35、earing口语表达 听力正常 4.so+助动词/be/情态动词+主语 也是 So+主语+助动词/be/情态动词 确实如此 否定词或 only+状语位于句首，句子用半倒装 可放于作文中使用如only in this way, can we make progress. 5.translate 翻译complete a.完成 b.完整的 plete with配套的 6.drop in on顺便拜访 discouragef沮丧的 progress进步 make it a point to do sth特别注意做到 7.professor教授please v 取悦 两个形容词 pleased 高兴的

36、 pleasant 令人高兴的 scare v 害怕 两个形容词scared害怕的 scary 令人害怕的 8.appreciate欣赏 感激 意识到 9.使某人做某事 make/let/havesb do sth get/force/drive/cause sb to do sth cause v 造成/使 n 原因 10 虚拟语气 与现在事实相反: if从句:过去时(be用were) 主句:would/should/could/might动词原形 与过去事实相反: if从句:had+过去分词 主句:would/should/could/might have+过去分词 与将来事实相反: if

37、从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形/动词过去时 (be用were) 主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形 11表转折的词后要重点看yet however nevertheless but 12. search搜索 natural自然的 formal 正式的 major 专业；主要的 create 建立 official官方的 concern关心 goal/aim/objective目标 request要求 task 任务 journey/trip/travel/tour/voyage航海太空旅行/ride都有旅行的意思 13. record记录

38、perform表演recite背诵 amount数量 disturb打扰 embarrass 尴尬 end v 结束 n 一端 14. course课程 distance距离 express表达 print打印 count数 v 15. steay 平稳的 normal普通的 正常的 obvious明显的 register for 注册，报名参加 prohibit 禁止 ignore忽视 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have

39、 laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and

40、 walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning. I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday i

41、n the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. 39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a bu

42、ilt-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. 40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A. This time there was no tent. B.

43、Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. 36.D 【解析】首句的虚拟语气预示了后面的转折关系,作者起初和后来对露营的态度不一样。D项的however预示了下文的转变。 37.C 【解析】该题需要联系前后句内容。设空处前面的句子当中出现的名词是frien

44、ds与C选项中的they相一致。设空处后面的内容在描述这次露营过程中的艰辛和受到的伤害。因此起到过渡作用的C选项正确。 38.A 【解析】该处有个起到提示作用的连词，即instead有取而代之，反而之意。理解为这次我们没有帐篷，取而代之有一个流行露营车，在里面有舒适的床和空调。 39.F 【解析】一方面，利用代词指代关系，设空处后面的句子里面提到的we指代的是选项里面的my family我的家人们。另一方面从结构上来说，联系上下 文，上文提到的是旅行过程，该段后面内容提到的是家人的具体做法表现出对露营的热爱，这里则是旅行结束之后的看法。 40. E 【解析】设空处位于最后一段的开头与第一段起到

45、首尾呼应的作用。第一段提及到“They had nothing in common with me.”经过这个变化过程后，作者慢慢对露营开始感兴趣并且有了喜爱的情感。因此E项符合题意。 另外 1.heartily尽情地 热忱地 bite 叮咬 ill/sick生病的 sick即可做定语又可做表语 ill 生病的只能做表语 做定语表示坏的 an ill man一个坏人 2. Mean 名词 平均数 形容词 小气的 动词 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事 meansb to do sth打算让某人做某事 be meant to do sth 命中

46、注定做某事 按规矩做某事 应该做某事 3.pioneer先锋 开拓者 在上 on/above/over 在下 under/below/beneath 篝火 an open air brief简单的have+时间+off请天假 case 病例 案例 情形 bill账单 food poisoning食物中毒 talk sb intodoing sth 说服某人做某事 wilderness荒野 camper 野营的人 野营的车 trailer 拖车 pop-up 弹出式 air conditioner 空调 necessary必要的 necessity必需品 foot/feet英尺 inch英寸 b

47、uilt-in 内置的 refrigerator冰箱 match匹配 matching匹配的 sooner or later迟早 recommand 建议 in style 别具风格的/很成功的/时髦的，流行的 tent 帐篷rough粗糙的，未加工的 shade 阴凉处 no more than=only仅仅 not more than 不多于 4.表将来的句式 be going to do/will(shall) do/ be about to doto/be to do/is doing(瞬间动词come go leave fly drive表将来时可用) /do或does(主将从现或者

48、列车航班的时间表The Flight leaves at 9:00.) A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it's an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must

49、 carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5 ?5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water. These pieces ca

50、n be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the h

51、ole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock. The plastic shou

52、ld now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of

53、water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won't have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A. It'

54、s delicate. B. It's expensive. C. It's complex. . D. It's portable. 33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole. D. The cup. 34. What's the last step of constructing a working solar still? A. Dig a hole of a

55、certain size. B. Put the cup in place. C. Weight the sheet's center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from. A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet 32. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干答案定位在第一段最后一句话。

56、These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.译文“这些设备可以折叠成一个干净整洁的包裹，并且可以系到你的腰上。”所以推断出，这是便携式的。本题的难度在于词汇。delicate“易坏的”。complex复杂的. 33. B 【解析】词义推断题。To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the

57、hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity.译文“为了建造一个蒸馏器，需要用棍子或石头挖一个四米宽，三米深的坑。为了增加它的聚水能力要把坑挖在潮湿的地方。”the water catcher直译为“捕水器，抓水的工具”而纵观全文，蒸馏器的功能就是帮助缺水的地方收集水。所以选择B。 34. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干答案定位在Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock。最后一个步骤就是把石头放在塑料板的中央增强重力。 35. D 【解析】Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet un