2022年2022年高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载高考英语定语从句和名词性从句讲解与综合训练名词从句有四类：宾语从句.主语从句.表语从句.同位语从句；例如：宾语从句： i don t know where he will go.主语从句： where he will go is unknown.表语从句： the problem is how we can get so much money.同位语从句： we all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.下面几点为学习名词从句要加以留意的：1whether和 if 都可以引导宾语从句表达“

2、为否”意,（即引导宾语从句时 if 和 whether可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用 if ）引导：（1） 引导主语从句,且在句首时；例：whether he has won the tennis is not known.但it is not known whether/if he has won the tennis.（2） 引导表语从句时；例the problem is whether he can get a job.（3） 引导同位语从句时；例：i have no idea whether he will come.（4） 介词后的 whether从句；例： i

3、 worry about whether i hurt her feelings.2位于句首引导主语从句的that 不行忘；例如： that he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.3在“ it is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/ that 从句”结构中, that 从句谓语有时用（ should）do 这样的虚拟语气形式；例如： it is suggested that weshould improve the r

4、elations between us.it is a pity that oneshould stay in one place all ones life.it is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomin（gs缺点） .4在“ the reason whyis that”句式中 that 不要误为 because.例如： the reason why he didn t go to school yesterday is that he was ill. 5名词从句中 that、what 用法比较：精品学

5、习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载引导名词从句的that 为连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what 为连接代词,whatthethings that.例如： it was told in yesterday s newspaper that what the students had done was praisedthe thingsthat无意义by the factory.i know that he will study. i know what he will study.that he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.

6、 what he works hard at is known to us all.all i ask is that you should tell the truth./he is not whatthe person thathe精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载used to be他.和以前大不相同了；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载6where在名词从句中的使用特点：where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where” 、有时可以变为“介词 the place where” 形式；例如：主从： where the place whereshe

7、 has gone is still unknown.宾从： would you please tell me wherethe place where mr smith lives.表从： your dictionary remains where in/at the place whereyou put.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载同位从： have you any idea where holidays.of the place where she is spending her精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载7无论为哪种名词从句都为陈述语序；例如：i k

8、now where he lives./please tell me what her name is.当一个特别疑问句本身就为陈述语序（即“主谓（宾）”或“主系表”结构）,将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时,无需转变语序；例如：what s the matter with him.she asked me what was the matter with him.who looks after your grandfather.he asked me who looked after my grandfather.名词从句考点分析1 they want to know do to help u

9、s.nmeta. what they canb. how they canc. how can theyd. what can they析：此题要选陈述语序项,故应排除c.d；又因 how they can do 不完整,do 后无宾精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载语,故也应排除,只有a 项既为陈述语序,且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他们能做些什么”这一意思,故答案为a ；2 his teacher he bright and he was worth teaching.a.didnt think;was;thatb.thought;was;whether

10、c.didnt think;was; ×d.thought;wasn t;×析：观看题目,可知think 后跟有 and 连接的两个并列宾语从句,这时前 一个宾语从句的引导语that 可以省略,但引导后一宾语从句的that 不行省略,据此,可排除 c.d 两个选项；如选 b 项,全句意思不通,而挑选a 项可表达 “他的老师认为他不聪慧,不值得教”这一意思,且语法结构无误,故可定a 为正确答案；3 is done cannot be undone.a.howb.thatc.whatd.where析： do 一般作及物动词使用,从题干看,需选一词作主语（规律上为done的宾语）

11、；而 a.how、d.where 均为副词,不能作主语,故应排除；b 项 that 一词只能在定语从句中作主语,不能在主语从句中作主语,也应排除；只有选what the thing that、才能正确表述“凡为做的不行不做”这一意思；4 take care you dont make mistakes in the coming exam.a.of thatb.about thatc.for whatd.that析： take care为“留意”.“当心”意,后面可跟that 引导的宾语从句来表达“当心不要”意思,据此,该题应选d；5 to his surprise、the umbrella

12、was not he had put.a.whichb.wherec.the placed.that析：观看题干, was not后为表语,依据where 在表语从句中相当于in/at精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载the place where将、其置于空白处就可表达“伞不在他起初放的地方”这一意思,精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载而 c 选项缺少词,不行选； a .d 项皆不合用；6 we can t get seems better than we have.a.what;whatb.what;thatc.that;thatd.that;what析：此题明显为

13、要表达“我们得不到的东西好像比我们得到的东西好；” 这一意思,即“ a seems better that b”结构,依据 what the things that这一特点,将其置于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思,故答案为a；7 we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a.ifb.whetherc.thatd.where析：此题 depends前的主语从句为一个不愿定的内容,在句首表“为否” 意时,只能用 whether、不行用 if ；故答案为 b；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载8 they are mos

14、t interested in is they can produce more andbetter cars.a.that;howb.what;howc.what;whatd.that;that析： is 前面为一个主语从句,要表达“他们最感爱好的（东西）”这一意思,只能选 what 填入空白 ;is 为表语从句,明显只有选how 才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”,故答案为b；9 he made a suggestion that the english test until next wednesday.a.will be put offb.be put offc.will put of

15、fd.put off析： suggestion、order、adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do 的形式,且该句中 test 与 put off 为被动关系,应选b；10i don t think he said something like that is right.a.thatb.whatc.whetherd.when析：此句 think 后为一宾语从句,这个宾语从句的主语在is 之前,它为一个被动句；由于 he said something like that已经含有主.谓.宾.状等成分,只有选不表意义,不做成分的that 才合适,应选 a ；定语从句一.定语从句

16、与引导词定语从句为在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类；懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词为学好定语从句的关键；1关系代词有： that、which、who、whom、whose、在定语从句中作主语.宾语中表语, whose作定语；代人的有： who、whom、whose、that；代物的有： that、which、whose.例如：the man who helped you is mr white.who代人,在定语从句中作主语精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载that is the perso

17、nwhom/who/that you want to see.whom、who、tha代t定语从句中作宾语,可省略人,在精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载im not the foolthat you thought me to be.that代人,在定从中作表语 a dictionary is a useful book whichthat tells us the meaning of wordswhich或 that 代物,在定从中作主语 2关系副词有： when指时间 , where指地点 、why 指缘由 ,在定语从句中作状语；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下

18、载例如： would you suggest a timewhen we can have a talk.whe可n 省略 the house where they live is not very large./this is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.留意：不为表时间的先行词都用when 引导定从,不为表地点的先行词都用where 引导定从；例如： well visit the factory which that makes radios.which 或 that 在定从中作主语, where不行用主语,故不行用 they

19、 still remember the happy dayswhich/that they spent in beidaihe.which 或 that 在定从中作 spent的宾语, when 不行作宾语,故不行用 二.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名 词词组或代词 、 起限定作用；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子,起补充说明的作用；非限制性定语从 句不能用 that 引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略；非限制性定语从句例： li ping s father、 who wor

20、ks in a factory、 is an engineer./he tore up myphoto、 which made me very angry.which 指代主句内容,因前后两句为因果关系, 此时 which 不行换为 as；he is good at physics、 as is known to us all. as is known to us all、 he is good atphysics.as指代主句内容,在as is known/believed、 as we all know/believe这类结构中 as 不行换为 which三. 只用 that 引导和不用

21、that 引导的场合1只用 that 引导和不用 that 引导的场合1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：he talked about the men and the books that attracted him.2） 指物的先行词被any、 every、 only、 very、 all、 no 等修饰时： these are thevery points that interest me./thats the only watch that i like most.3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：the first step that we are to take is

22、very difficult./this is the second card that he gave me.4） 先行词为指物的不定代词all、little、few、much、 及everything、anything、nothing 等时： there is still much that can be done about it./have you got everything that you need.5） 先行词为 who 时： who that have seen him does not like him.2不用 that 的场合如下：1）非限制性定语从句中last nigh

23、t 、i saw a very good film、which was about the longmarch .2）介词放在关系代词之前时this is the man from whom i learnt the news精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载3）句中显现了 that,或先行词为 that 时i have found that which i waslooking for.四.“ 介词关系代词 ”用法1介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配,例如：who is the girl with whom you just shook hands.shake hands

24、 with 为习惯性搭配 2介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配）,例如：he built a telescope through which he could study the skies.through which即 through the telescope3当关系代词作“动词介词”固定短语的宾语时,此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前；例如：this is the watch which you re looking for./he is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.五.几个名词后的引导词1. situation

25、后常用 where 、 in which 引导定语从句： can you imagine a situation where/inwhich you can use the word.2. way方式,方法 后常用 in which 或 that 或 how 引导定语从句,也可省略： do you know the wayin which/that/how he worked out the problem.3. “the same名词”,“ such名词”,“ as名词”后通常用as 引导定语从句；例如： i have the same dictionary as youhave./such

26、 a book as youbought is not worth buying.定语从句考点分析1the best work luxun wrote and i have read has been made into a film.a.which;thatb.that;×c.×thatd.× ;×析：假如两个定语从句并列,关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略,但后一句的不行省略,故应选c；2it was in 1969 two americans got to the moon by space ship. it was 1969 two amerian

27、s got to the moon by space ship.a.whenb.whichc.thatd.×析：第一句为强调时间in 1969、强调结构为“ it was强调部分 that 句”,故应选 c；其次句 it 为表时间的,先行词1969 在从句中作状语,应选a；3is this the house shakespeare was born. a.at whichb.whichc.in whichd.at where精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载析：观看题目,空白处只有填in which 或 where 才能表达“这为莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思,故答案

28、为c；4is this house shakespeare was born.a. whereb.whichc.in whichd.at which析：将此句变为陈述句；this house is shakespeare was bor显n.然 is后为一表语从句,只有选wherethe place where才能表达“这为莎士比亚的诞生地”这一意思,故答案为a ；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载5in the dark street、there wasn help.t a single person she could turn for精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎

29、下载a. to whomb.of whomc.from whomd.that析：“介词关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配,这道题短语turn to 有关,故应选 a ；6the two things they felt very proud were jims gold watch and della shair.a about whichb.of whichc.in whichd.for which析：涉及 be/feel proud of 短语,故答案为 b；7have you ever asked him the reason may explain his being late. a

30、.whyb.thatc.for whichd.what精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载析：此题易误选a .c,由于先行词为the reason但、细观看分析,定语从句精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载缺少主语,所以答案为b；留意 what 不能引导定语从句； 8farming is difficult there is no rain.a.whereb.in placec.thatd.the place where析：由于 difficult 为形容词,故其后不为定语从句；这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句wherein the place where、全句表达“在没有雨水

31、的地方耕种困难”；这一意思,可见答案为a ；9we need the same machine in your factory. a.which is being usedb.as is being usedc.that is being usedd.as it is being used析：依据“ the same先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原就,可知答案为b；10 the people、not things are most important.a.there are;whob.those are;thatc.it is;thatd.it was;who析：认真观看分析题目,可知只有c

32、构成强调句才有成立；当我们要检验视其为强调句的判定为否正确时,只要将“it is 或 wasthat”这三个词去掉, 剩下部分读精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载起来正确无误,就证明判定为正确的,反之为错误的；此题如不填“it is精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载that”三词,句子为the people、not things are most important语.选 c 为对的；义完整正确,说明精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载名词从句.定语从句专练1. surprised me most was the news our team won.a.tha

33、t;thatb.what;whichc.what;thatd.that;which 2.this is the only book i want to read.a.whichb.thatc.whatd.as3. the reason i am so late is the bus.a. that;i didn t catchb.×that i missedc.why;because i have missedd×. ;because my not catching4. the problem has been completely settled. a.which you

34、 thoughtb.that you thoughtc.about which you thought itd.that you thought about5. is this the taperecorder you wish . a.to have it repairedb.to repair itc.to have repairedd.repairing6. the electric toy last month has gone out of order.a.i bought it for himb.which i bought to himc.i bought for himd.th

35、at i bought to him7. his head soon appeared out of one of the second storey windows、 he oculd see nothing but tress.a.frm whichb.from wherec.whered.from there8. every minute full use of to study our lessons will do our students good.a.which makesb.that is madec.that maded.what is made9. will it be t

36、wo months we can get another one. a.thatb.whenc.befored.in which10. after graduation we should go our party needs us most. a.to the place whichb.in whichc.thatd.where11. there is a popular belief among parents schools are no louger interestedin handwriting.a. whob.whosec.thatd.which12. he lent me a

37、lot of maney、 i couldnt buy the tv set.a. with itb.for whichc.without whichd.by which精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载13. water power stations are bulit big water falls.a. which areb.which hasc.where there haved.where there are 14.the direction a force acts can be changed.a.howb.whichc.towardsd.×15. was

38、it yesterday you received the letter from her.a. whenb.whichc.on whichd.that16. in the end she decided to sell the house windows were almost broken.a. whichb.thatc.of whichd.whose17. that you lent me wasn t i wanted. a.that;allb.which;allc.that;whatd.which;that18. each time they met、they would talk

39、long hours together.a. duringb.whichc.whered.×19. this is the third week for the rubbish.a. that they didnt comeb.they arent coming c.they havent comed.when they haven t come20. on the desk a chinese brush he had made drawing.a. lay;with whichb.lies;by whichc.laid;in whichd.lay;on which 21.we l

40、l never forget the days we spent on the seashore.a.during whichb.in whichc.whend. ×22. the beautiful church we see there is very famous.a. the tower whichb.of whose towerc.the tower of whichd.of which tower23. the 11th asian games、 china won 183 gold medals、was held in the autumnof 1990.a. whic

41、hb.thatc.at whichd.at that24. the only thing is wrong with this is a friend of mine said tomethe other day.a. which;whatb.what;thatc.that;whatd.that;which 25.who is he man is talking with john.a.whichb.whoc.whatd.that26. the farmer uses wood to build a house to store grains.a. with whichb.to wherec.whichd.in which27.i really don t know i had my pocket picked. a.where was it thatb.it was where that c.where it was thatd.was it where that精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载was28. he insisted that he right in doing that.a.