2022年2022年高中英语语法2

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载s高中英语语法时态和语态 一 动词的时态时态为谓语动词所表示的动作或情形发生时间的各种形式；英语动词有16 种时态,但为常见的只有九种：一般现在时.一般过去时.一般将来时.现在进行时.过去进行时.现在完成时.过去完成时.过去将来时.现在完成进行时；一）一般现在时（do / does ）1详细用法1) 表示常常性或习惯性动作we always care for each otherand help each other.我们总为相互关怀相互帮忙；he goes to school every day.2) 表示现在的特点或状态he is very happy.d

2、o you sing. -a little.3) 表示普遍真理light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快；actions speak louder than words.行动赛过言语；*常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often、 usually、 sometimes、 every day、 every morning/afternoon、 on sundays/weekends等等；i often go to the cinema on sundays.我常常星期天去看电影；he goes to work early every day.他每天上班很早

3、；（二）一般过去时 did （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的.可完成的动作或状态,常与表示准确过去时间的词.短语或从句连用；例如：we went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.（2）表示过去习惯性动作；例如：he always went to class last.i used to do my homework in the library.（三）一般将来时 will / shall do 1）表示将来准备进行或期望发生的动作或状态；例如：i shall graduate next year.2）一般将

4、来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作；如crops will die without water.you won t succeed wiothut their support.3) 几种替代形式：*be going to +v 在口语 中广泛使用,表示预备做或将发生的事情；例如：i'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money.*be to +v 表示方案支配要做的事,具有" 必要 "的强制性意义；例如： i am to play tennis this afternoon.*be about t

5、o +v表示即将发生的事情；例如：he was about to start.*be due to +v 表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事；例如：the train is due to depart in ten minutes.5）少数动词如：begin、 come、 leave、 go、 arrive、 start、 stop、 return、 open、 close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作；（多用来表示按方案事先支配好即将发生的动作,句中通常仍有一个表示将来的时间状语）；例如：the meeting begins at seven.s精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下

6、载sthe train starts at nine in the morning.（四）现在进行时 is / are doing1） 表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作；常与现在进行时连用的词组为 now , right now , at the mother , for the time being , for the present、或某个详细的时间（几点钟）；he is writing a letter now.she is visiting beijing this week.2） 有时用来代替一般现在时态,表示一个常常性动作或状态,这时为为了表示一种感情（如称赞,厌烦,中意,不

7、满等）he is always thinking of his work. 表示称赞 the boy is always talking in class. （表示不满）3 有时用来表示一个在最近按方案或支配要进行的动作（这时多有一个表示将来的时间的状语）we are leaving on friday. 我们星期五动身；how many of you are coming to the party.（五）现在完成时（have / has done ）（ 1）现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作 （常与 yet ,already,just 连用）,或者过去某一时刻发生的,连续

8、到现在的情形（常与for , since 连用）；例如：i have just finished my homework. mary has been ill for three days.（ 2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since、 for、 during、 over 等引导出的短语；副词already、 yet、 just、 ever、 now、 before、often、lately、 recently 等；状语词组this week morning、 month、 year、 so far、 up to now、 many times、 up to the present等；例

9、如：so far、 she hasn't enjoyed the summer vacation. there have been a lot of changes since 1978.（ 3）完成时态可用在以下结构中：*this that、 it is was the first second. time + 定语从句；*this that、 it is was the only last + n + 定语从句；*this that、 it is was + 形容词最高级 + n +定语从句；假如主句的谓语动词为一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；假如主句谓语动词为一般过去

10、时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时；例如：（ 1） this is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.（ 2）there was a knock at the door. it was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.（六）过去进行时was / were doing过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always, continually , co

11、nstantly 等动词连用；例如：1） we were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.2） whenever i visited him、 he was always writing at the desk.（七）过去完成时 had done（1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情形,这个过去的时间可以用by, before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成；例如：1） we had just had our breakfast when tom came in.2） by

12、the end of last year they had turned out 5、 000 bicycles.（2）动词 expect、 hope、 mean、 intend、 plan、 suppose、 wish、 want、 desire等用过去完成时, 表示过去的期望.预期.意图或愿望等没有实现；例如：i had meant to take a good holiday this year、 but i wasn't able to get away.另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式为： 1） was / were + to have don

13、e sth、例如：s精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载swe were to have come yesterday、 but we couldn't.2） intended expected、 hope、 meant、 planned、 supposed、 wished、 wanted、 desired + to have done sth、如：i meant to have told you about it、 but i forgot to do so.（3）过去完成常常用于以下固定句型：1） hardly、 scarcely、 barely + 过去完成时 + wh

14、en + 过去时；例如：hardly had i got on the bus when it started to move. 2） no sooner + 过去完成时 + than +过去时；例如：no sooner had i gone out than he came to see me.3） by the end of + 过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时；例如： the experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon.八一般过去将来时1. 一般过去将来时的形式should / would+动词原

15、形 was / were +动词 -ing 形式2. 一般过去将来常常用于宾语从句中,其主语的谓语动词为过去时态,可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,如：he said that he would speak at the meeting.he was sixty-eight. in two years he would be seventy.（九）现在完成进行时 has / have been doing现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开头的动作或状态始终连续到过去某一时刻；例如：i have been looking for my lost book for three days、 bu

16、t i still haven't found it.运用动词时态要留意的几个问题（一）在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态,如we ll give him the book if he wants it.he decided to fight back if he was hit again.i ll call you as soon as i ve finished my work.二 时态的一样（时态的呼应）,如we saw that the smoke was coming from a window. i didn t know if she would come.he a

17、dmitted that he had been on the march.* 不进行时态调整的情形： 1）从句说的为一种普遍真理,如：long ago、 people didn t know themeoavreths round the sun.2）当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会,如did he say that the train leaves at 5:30.（三）瞬时动词在完成时态中的使用,如：误： i have received her letter for three months.正： i received her letter three months ago.正： it

18、 is three months since i received her letter.（四）留意某些要求肯定时态的句型* was/ were doing sth. whendid sth.i was reading a book when the bell rang* was/were about to do sth. whendid sth.we were about to leave when the telephone rang. she was about to go out when it started to rain* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次,要用完成时态,如：it s

19、the first time i ve seen her.s精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载swe have been there three times.* it is / has beensinceit is has been two weeks since i came here.she said it was five hours since she had finished her work.* hardlywhenwe had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain. hardly had we got in the

20、 crops when it began to rain.* no soonerthani had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed. no sooner had i come into the room than the door was closed.二动词的语态语态也为动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态；主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语为动作的承担者；1） we use electricity to run machines.（主动语态）2） electricity is used

21、 to run machines.（被动语态）1 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语（ 1）在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词（包括短语）简单引起误用；如：appear、 belong、 belong、 die、 escape、 fall、 happen、 last、 remain、 succeed、 occur、come true、 take place、 consist of ；（ 2）某些表示状态或特点的及物动词,如：become、 contain、 cost、 fit、 have、 resemble、 suit也没有被动语态；2 被动语态的时态形式常用的被动语态有下表所列

22、的几种时态形式；时间一般时进行时完成时现在am asked is askedam being asked is being asked过去are asked was be askedwere be askedare being asked was being asked were being asked将来过去shall be asked will be asked should be askedshall have been asked will have been asked should have been asked将来would be askedwould have been ask

23、ed3 短语动词的被动语态短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作为一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略；例如：1） so far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2） all the rubbish should be got rid of.4 "get + -ed 分词 " 的被动语态"get + -ed 分词 "结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然大事；例如：the boy got hurt on his way home from work.另外, "get +

24、 -ed 分词 " 仍可用于谈论为自己做的事,为主动的行为而不为被动的行为；例如：get dressed（穿衣服）get divorced（离婚） get engaged（订婚）get confused （困惑不解） get lost （迷路）get washed （洗脸）get married （结婚）5 被动语态与系表结构的区分s精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载s（ 1） the novel was well written. （系表结构）（ 2） the novel was written by diskens. （被动语态）6 不能用于被动语态的及物动词,如：h

25、ave、 fit、 hold、 lack、 costi have a computer.the hall can hold 200 people.7. 主动性式表被动意义当 feel .look .smell.taste .sound 等后面接形容词时；当cut .read.sell.wear .write 等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开头.终止.关.停.转.启动”等意义时；this kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布易洗；these novels won t sell这we些ll.小说不畅销； my pen writes smoothly. 我的钢笔写起来很

26、流畅；the door won t lo门ck锁. 不上；the fish smells good.鱼闻起来香；当 break out .take place.shut off .turn off .work out 等动词表示 “发生. 关闭. 制定 ” 等意思时；the plan worked out successfully. the lamps on the wall turn off. want、 require、 need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义； be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载在 “be +形容词+ to

27、do中”,不定式的规律宾语为句子的主语,用主动代被动；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载this kind of water isn t fit to drink. the girl isn t easy to get along with.另外： be to blame 受声讨 , be to rent （出租）也用主动形式表被动；choose the right answer1. they friends since they met in shanghai.a. have madeb. have becomec. have beend. have had2. the secr

28、etary is going to report to the manager as soon as he .a. will arriveb. arrivesc. is going to arrived. is arriving3. we all know that ice .a. feel coldb. is felt soldc. is feeling coldd. feels cold4. -this cloth well and long.- ok. i ll take it.a. washes ; lastsb. is washed; lastedc. washes、 is last

29、edd. is washing、 lasting5. helen her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.a. has left; comesb. left; had comec. had left; camed. had left; would come6. it every day so far this week.a. is rainingb. rainedc. rainsd. has been raining7. - are you going to the movies tonight.- yes

30、、 i my work by that time.a. will finishb. finishc. am going to finishd. will have finished8. - was the driving pleasant when you vacationed in mexico last summer.- no、 it for four days when we arrived、 so the roads were very muddy.a. was rainingb. would be rainingc. had been rainingd. has rained9. y

31、ou won t know if the coat fits you until you it on.s精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载sa. will tryb. are tryingc. triedd. have tried10. my dictionary 、 i have looked for it everywhere but still .a. has lost; don t findb. is missing; don t findc. has lost; haven t found d. is missing; haven t found11. - how lon

32、g each other before they married.- for about a year.a. have they known; getb. did they know; were going to getc. do they know; are going to getd. had they known; got12. - come in、 peter、 i want to show you something.- oh、 how nice of you. i you to bring me a gift.a. never think; are goingb. never th

33、ought; were goingc. didn t think; are goingd. hadn t thought; were going13. when jack arrived he learned mary for almost an hour.a. had goneb. had set offc. had leftd. had been away 14 - i m sorry to keep you waiting.- oh、 not at all. i here only a few minutes.a. have beenb. had beenc. wasd. will15.

34、 the police found that the house and s lot of things .a. has broken into; has been stolenb. had broken into; had been stolenc. has been broken into; stolend. had been broken into; stolen16. - have you moved into the house.- not yet. the rooms .a. are being paintedb. are paintingc. are paintedd. are

35、being painting17. if the city noises from increasing、 people shout to be heard at the dinner table 20 years from now.a. are not kept ; will have tob. are not kept; have toc. do not keep; will have tod. do not keep、 have to18. - the sports meet might be put off.- yes、 it all depends on the weather.a.

36、 i ve been toldb. i ve told c. i m toldd. i was told19. i don t thiimnksjaw me; he into space.a. just stared 注视 b. was just staringc. has just staredd. had just stared20. - my glasses.- yes、 i them on your bed a minute ago.a. do you see; sawb. had you seen; have seenc. have you seen; sawd. would you

37、 see; saw21. - we could have walked to the station; it was so near.- yes. a taxi at all necessary.a. wasn tb. hadn t been c. wouldn t be d. won t be22. - who is jerry cooper.- . i saw you shake hands with him at the meeting.a. don t you meet him yetb. hadn t you met him yetc. didn t you meet him yet

38、d. haven t you met him yets精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载s23. - nancy is not coming tonight.- but she .a. promisesb. promisedc. will promised. had promised24. it with me and i ll see what i can do.a. when leftb. leavingc. if you leaved. leave25. it is clear that his poor education him back.a. has been held

39、b. is holdingc. will be heldd. had held26. - how are you planning to travel to shanghai.- i yet、 but i taking a train.a. haven t decided; am consideringb. haven t decided、 considerc. didn t decided; am consideringd. hadn t decided; have considered27. the pen i i is on my desk、 right under my nose.a.

40、 think、 loseb. thought 、 had lostc. think 、 had lostd. thought、 have lost28. - have you heard about the new school.- no、 when and where to build the new one yet.a. is not decidedb. are not decidedc. hasn t decidedd. haven t decided29. - sorry、 i m late.- that s ok. i long.a. haven t waited b. don t

41、wait c. haven t been waiting d. didn t wait30. - nancy sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom.- oh. i thought she in the back.a. will sitb. had satc. is sittingd. has sat31. i my face when suddenly someone at the door.a. washed、 knockedb. washed、 was knockingc. was washing、 was knoc

42、kingd. was washing、 knocked32. i at the station half an hour ago、 but the train yet.a. arrived、 hadn t comeb. was arriving、 hadnme t coc. arrived、 hasn t comed. had arrived、 didn t come33. - why did you come by taxi.- my car broke down last week and i still it repaired.a. haven t hadb. didn t havec.

43、 don t haved. won t have34. i m surpristeodfind you here looking well and playing tennis、 jim. ann said that you sick.a. areb. werec. would bed. had been35. the price 、 but i doubt whether it will remain so.a. went downb. will go downc. has gone doned. was going down36. - did you go to qingdao for v

44、acation last august.- i to go、 but i got sick at the last minute.a. was planningb. had been planningc. plannedd. have planned37. i finally got the job i dreamed about. never in my life so happy.a. did i feelb. i feltc. i had feltd. had i felt38. - how are you today.- oh、 i as ill as i do now for a v

45、ery long time.a. didn t feelb. wasn t feeling c. don t feel d. haven t felts精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载s39. the reporter said the ufo east to west when he saw it.a. was travellingb. travelledc. had been travellingd. was to travel40. - i think that you need practice on playing the violin.- violin lessons every two weeks、 b ut i think i ll