句子成分和基本句型-ss

1、No pains, no gains. 宁乡十中高二英语学案基础语法句子成分和基本句型姓名：_ 班级_一句子的主要成份与次要成份句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中，补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。 例如：The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring(主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语)Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long.?(主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补

2、语) (状语)练习 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份1.They are workers from China.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( )2. The singer made himself known.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( )3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me.（ ） ( ) ( ) ( ) （ ） ( ) ( ) 二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子1) Deer are animals.(主语由_充当)2) Everything goes well.(主语由_来充当)3) 99 is larger than 98

3、. (主语由_来充当)4) To say is one thing and to do is another thing.(主语由_来充当)5) To host a party is not an easy thing.(主语由_来充当)6) Swimming does good to ones health.(主语由_来充当)7) Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.(主语由_来充当)8) What he said hurt me greatly.(主语由_来充当)三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词9) The bike went wrong

4、again.(_ 作谓语，_)10) Most of the my classmates work hard.（_作谓语，_）11) They told me his experiences in America.（_作谓语，_）12) Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.(are making作谓语)13) We will stay at the school at the weekend.(will stay作谓语)14) Many flowers will have been planted by the en

5、d of the year.（will have been planted作谓语）四、宾语及充当宾语的词性、形式、短语或句子15) The factory makes paper.(_作宾语)16) I will make it one day.(_作宾语)17) The price increased by 10%.（_作宾语）18) They planned to go ahead of time.（_作宾语）19) Do you like swimming?（_作宾语）20) Some students asked to act as volunteers.（_作宾语）21) I for

6、got bringing my mobile phone.（_作宾语）22) Do you know where he lives?（_作宾语）五、定语及充当定语的词性、形式、短语或句子（1）_作定语：A book cover, a coffee cup, a table leg, a mountain plant（2）_作定语: an attractive sight, people alive, the students present at the meeting（3）_作定语: The students here work hard. The book over there is hi

7、s.（4）_作定语: The pencil-bos on the desk is mine. （5） _定语: He is a walking dictionary Do you know the boy standing outside the classroom? I like novels written by Luxun. （6）_: Is there anything to eat? （7）_: The bookcase that was bought yesterday is cheap.练习 将下列句中作定语的部分划线.1.I need a book cover. 2.John

8、is a handsome star.3.The trees over there grow green. 4.The books in my schoolbag are readable.5. The crowds waiting for Yang Liwei cheered up.6. Id like to introduce a book called A Woman in White to you.7.The computer to be repaired is on the desk.8. Do you know the date when he was born?句型一 主语+系动

9、词+表语（1）系动词的三分类：表示_类的有be,remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示_类的有grow, turn, get, become, fall，go，come等；表示_类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem，appear. 等；例如: I am a senior school student while he is a junior one.我是高中生他是初中生。After four years, Tom became a doctor =turned doctor.四年后，汤姆成了一名医生。The story sound

10、s interesting and instructive.这故事听起来既有趣又有教育意义。（2） 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词（短语）等。例如：In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday.(_作表语)In my mind, mother is my hero.(_作表语)Look1 Your pet dog is there.(_作表语)The schoolbags come in different sizes.(_作表语)Youve changed a lot. You are not

11、what you were.(_作表语)Many passengers got injured in the accident.(_作表语)The machine keeps running for a long time.（_作表语）（3） 使用系动词应注意的地方:第一，没有_；第二，.一般没有_；第三，有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词，如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get,smell等。第四，非谓语一般用现在分词倒如：After two-days treatment, he felt well again.(不用was felt) He remains an exce

12、llent engineer in the fatory.(不用 is remained)比较以下句子：1) The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.2) We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now.3) Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth.练习 根据句子，选择一个合适的动词填空或根据汉语提示填空：(1)I _（remain/keep/stay）a nurse while he has_(turned/beco

13、me) engineer(2) Put the meat in the refridgerator(冰箱).It _(goes/gets/turns/becomes) bad easily.(3) What he said_(sounds/looks/smells/tastes) reasonable.(4)He feels _(comfortable/comfortably), working in the air-conditioned office.(5) When the winter comes, the leaves in the tree turn _(yellow/green)

14、.(6) My mother _(looks/appears) young although she is already in her late fifties.(7) More trees will _(be grown/grow/) around our school.(8) We do morning exercises to _(keep/turn/become) healthy.(9)The apple _(tastes/is tasted) sweet. (10)Those apples _(have tasted/have been tasted) already.（11）Pl

15、ease keep _(安静) ; The baby has fallen _(睡). (12) They work day and night to make their dream come_(真).句型二 主语+不及物动词(1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如, agree, lie, work, argue,lie,belong,come, go,reply等。(2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如，agree with, lie in, work at, belong to , come across, go to等。（3）有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如，beg

16、in, sell,write,wash,answer, read等。例如：The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词) The professor began his speech directly.（及物动词）The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them.(第一个sell为不及物动词而第二个及物动词)。练习 1.在每一空格上填一恰当的介词。（1）I dont agree _you completely. I have my own opinion.(2) The dictionary

17、 is not Toms. It belongs _me.(3) Use your head, and you will think _some ways to solve the problem.(4) To improve my English, I work hard _it.(5) Lood _the cloudy sky,. It is going to rain.句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语练习 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分如：Doing morning exercises benefits our health.（1）To master a foreign language he

18、lps us communicate with foreigners.（2）I doubt whether he will join us in the debate.（3）We missed going to college for that reason.（4）What he said touched me greatly.句型四 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）（1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语）The singer sang u

19、s another song.（us为间接宾语，another song 为直接宾语）（2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那两个宾语之间有一个介词(to, for)The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.The singer sang another song for us.练习 在每一空格上填一个恰当的介词。（1）Mother bought a birthday cake _me.(2) Give a second apple _her. She likes it.(3) The company wil

20、l provide some drinks _ the volunteers.句型五 主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）： 4) Tom made the baby laugh.（不带to的不定式laugh作补语）5) Tell him to follow the instructions.(不定式短语作宾补)6) They made Beijing the capital of the PRC.(名词作宾补)7) We saw the old man crossing the street when we walked.(现在分词短语作宾补)8) I tried my best to make the lesson a lively one.(不定代词one 作宾补)9) What made you here?(副词作宾补)10) We found ourselves in great trouble.(介词短语作宾补)11) Dont leave the machine working all da