南京大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题（精编版）

1、南京大学 2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题section i: structure and vocabulary (30%)part a (20%)directions: there are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a，b，c，and d respectively. choose the one that best completes the sentences. then blacken your answer in the correspo

2、nding letter on your answer sheet with a single line throughthe center.1. shoes of this kind are_to slip on wet ground.a. feasible巳. appropriate c. aptd. fitting2. i bought an alarm clock with a (n)dial,whichcan beseenclearly in the dark.a. supersonic b. luminousc. audibled. amplified3. her jewelry

3、underto spotlightsand shebecamethe dominant figure atthe ball.a.glaredb. glitteredc. blazedd. glowed4. put on dark glasses or the sun will to see.you and you won t be ablea.discernb. distort0. distractd. dazzle5. in spite of the risenslightly.economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasa.gloomyb. misera

4、blec. shadowyd. obscure6. the fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be device.by thisa.ignitedb. lightedc. firedd. inspired7. open such arguments have the effect of ratherthan clarifying the issuesinvolved.take.a.obscuring巳. prejudicing 0. tacklingd. blocking8. his directionsconfusedus,wedi

5、d notknowwhichof thetwo roads toa.ambiguous b. complicatedc. arbitraryd. intricate9. the law on drinking and driving is stated.a. extravagantly巳. empiricallyc. exceptionallyd. explicitly10. we shall probably never be able to sub-atom-ic particles.the exactnatureof thesea. assertb. impactc. ascertain

6、d. notify11. as a actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of mu-sical instruments.a.b.c.d.12. mr. smith became very made amistake.whenit wassuggestedthathehada. ingenious b. empiricalc. objectived. indignant13. please do not be by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying toa

7、ttract attention.a. distracted巳. disregarded c. irritatedd. intervened14. grain production in the world is ， but still millions go hungry.a. staggeringb. shrinkingc. soaringd. suspending15. competition, they believe, corrupt it.thenationalcharacterthana. enforces巳. confirmsc. intensifiesd. strengthe

8、ns16. the republication of the poet s most recent workscewritlal inly tional reputation.a. magnify巳. strengthenc. enlarged. enhancehis na-17. the music aroused an feeling of homesickness in him.a. intentionalb. intermittentc. intensed. intrinsic18. the medicine his pain but did not cure his illness.

9、a. activated巳. alleviatedc. mediatedd. deteriorated19. the work in the office was by a constant stream of visitors.a. confused巳. hamperedc. reversedd. perplexed20. a visitor to a museum today would notice way museumsare operated.changesinthea. cognitive b. rigorousc. conspicuous d. exclusivepartb(10

10、%)directions: there are 10blanks in the following passage. for each blank there are four choicesmarked a，b，c and d respectively beneath the passage. you should choose the one that is most ap- propriate. then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your answer sheet with asingleline throug

11、h the center.of thea deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide一 the divisionworld into the info (information) rich and the info poor. and that 21 does exist today. my wife and i lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. whatwasless invisible then, however, were

12、 the new, positive 22 against thedigital divide. actually, there are reasons to be 23 .that workthereare technologicalreasonsto hopethe digitaldividewillnarrow.as the internetbecomes more and more 24 _ , it is in the interest business to universalize ac-cess after all, the more people online, the mo

13、re potential 25 more and more enterprises, afraid their countries will be left 26 spread internet access. within the next decade or two one to two billion people on theplanet will be netted together. as a result, i now believe the digital divide will narrow ratherthan widen in the years ahead. and t

14、hat is very good news because the internet maythere are.，want towellbe the most powerful tool for 27 world poverty that we ve ever had.of course, the use of the internet isn t thweaoyntloy defeat poverty. and the internetis not the only tool we have. but it has big potential.overto 28 advantage of t

15、his tool, some poor countries will have to gettheir outdated anti-colonial prejudices 29 respecttoforeigninvestment.countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might wellstudy the history of 30 in the(the basic structural foundations of a society)united states.

16、when the united states built its industrial infrastructure, it didn theave t hcapital to do so. and that is why america s second wave infrastructcuornecerning roads, harbors, highways ports and so onwere built with foreign investment.21. a. divide22. a. forces23. a. negative24. a. developed25. a. us

17、ers26. a. away27. a. containing28. a. bring29. a. at30. a. constructionb. intonationb. obstaclesb. optimisticb. centralizedb. producersb. for巳. preventingb. keepb. withb. facilityc. worldd. lecturec. eventsd. surprisesc. pleasantd. disappointedc. realizedd. commercializedc. customersd. citizensc. as

18、ided. behind0. keepingd. combatingc. holdd. takec. ofd. forc. infrastructured. institutionsection ii: reading comprehension (40%)directions: there are five passages in this section. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a,

19、 b9 c and d. you shoulddecide on the best choice and blacken your answerin the corresponding letter on your answer sheetwith a single line through the center.passage 1do you think that all human beings have a“ comfort zone” regulating the distancetheystand from someone when they talk? this distance

20、varies in interesting ways among peopleof different cultures.greeks,othersof theeasternmediterraneanandmanyof thosefrom south americanormallystandquiteclosetogetherwhentheytalk,oftenmovingtheirfaceseven closer asthey warm up in conversation. north americans find this awkward and often back away afew

21、 inches. studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21inchesapart. in much of asia and africa, there is even more space between two speakers in con-versation. this greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. this matter of space is nearly always unconscious, bu

22、t it is interesting to observe.this difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extentto which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or makeemphatic point. in the united states, for example, people try to keep their bodies aparte-ven

23、 in crowded elevator； in paris they take is as it comes!although north americans have a relatively wide“ comfort zone” for talking, theycom-municate a great deal with their hands not only with gesture but also with touch. they putsympathetic hand on a person s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeli

24、ng or an arma-round him in sympathy, they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story, they putanarmin reass uranceor strokea childhseadin affection； theyreadilytake someonesarm to help him cross a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. to many peoplees-pecially those from asia or th

25、e moslem countries such bodily contact is unwelcome, espe-ciallyifinadvertentlydonewiththelefthand.thelefthandcarriesnospecial significance inthe u. s. many americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.31. in terms of bodily distance, north americans .a. are similar to south americansb. s

26、tand farthest apartc. fill ill at ease when too closed. move nearer during conversations32. it can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a frenchman .a. would behave in the same way as an american wouldb. would make no particular effort to distant himselfc. would be afraid of bodi

27、ly contactd. would do his best to leave33. an american puts his hand on another man s shou_lder.a. to show apathyb. to show passionc. to show friendlinessd. to disguise his feeling34. the passage mainly concerns .a.distance and contact巳. body languagec. cultural differences between the east and the

28、westd. hand signalspassage 2until men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a few minutes, thewon-dersof theworldbelowthesurfaceoftheseawerealmostunknown.themain problem, ofcourse, lies in air. how could air be supplied to swimmers below the surface of the sea?pictures made about 2, 900

29、years ago in asia show men swimming under the surface withair bags tied to their bodies, a pipe from the bag carried air into the swimmer butlittle progress was achieved in the invention of diving devices until about 1490, whenthefamous italian painter, leonardo da vinci designed a complete diving s

30、uit.in 1680, an italian professor invented a large air bag with a glass window to bemouth.swornover the diver s head. to“ clean ” the air a breathing pipe went from the air bag, through another bag to remove moisture, and then again to the large air bag. the plan did notwork but it gave late invento

31、rs the idea of moving air around in diving devicesin 1819, a german, augustus siebe, developed a way of forcing air into the head coveringby a machine operatedabovethe water.finally,in 1837,he inventedtheuhard-hat suit” which was to be used for nearly a century. it had a metal covering for the head

32、and an air pipe attached to machine above the water. it also had small openings toremoveunwanted air. but there were two dangers to the diver inside the was-hat s“uithar”d. onethe sudden rise to the surface, caused by too great supply of air. the other was thecrush-ing of the body, caused by a sudde

33、n diving into deep water. the sudden rise to the sur-face could kill the diver； a sudden dive could force his body up into the helmet, which could also result in death.gradually the“h ard-hatsuit” was improved so that the diver could be given acon-stant supply of air. the diver could then move aroun

34、d under the ocean without worrying a-bout the air supply.duringthe1940sdivingunderwaterwithoutaspecialsuitbecamepopular.instead,dive used a breathing device and a small covering made of rubber and glass over parts ofthe face. to improve the swimmer s speed another new invention was used; a piece ofr

35、ub-ber shaped like giant foot, which was attached to each of the diver s ohwen feet. t manu-facture of rubber breathing pipes made it possible for clivers to float on the surface of thewater ， observing the marine life underneath them, a special rubber suit enabled them tostay in cold water for long

36、 periods, collecting specimens of animal and vegetable life thathad never been obtained in the past.themostimportantadvance,however,wastheinventionofa self-contained underwa-ter breathing apparatus, which is called a“ scuba ”.invented by two frenchmen, jacques cousteau and emile gagnan, the scubacon

37、-sists of mouthpiece joined to one or two tanks of compressed air which are attached to thediver s back. the scuba makes it possible for a diver to work 200 feet underwater or evendeeper for several hours. as a result, scientists can now move around freely at great depths, learning about the wonders

38、 of the sea.35. the main progress mentioned in this passage was_ .a. an italian professor invented a large air bagb. men invented the best diving devicesc. an italian painter designed a complete diving suitd. an air bag36. an invention of an italian professor .a. worked out very wellb. can“ clean ”

39、the airc. inspired later inventionsd. was used to remove moisture37. siebes invention was not a perfect one, because .a. too small a supply of air could result in a sudden rise to the surfaceb. a sudden dive into deep water could cause the crushing of the bodyc. the air pipe attached to a machine co

40、uld be above the surfaced. both a and b38. the word“ scuba ” is.a. a certain diver s nameb. an original english wordc. named by the inventord. an acronympassage 3in recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt isbadfor you regardless of your health. politicians also g

41、ot on board.“ there is a directrela-tionship ， ”u s congressmannealsmithnoted,“ between theamountof sodiuma personconsumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”frightening, if true! but many doctors and medical researchers are now beginningtofeel the salt scare has

42、gone too far.“ all this hue andt ecarytinagbosualt is unnecessa-ry ”，dr. dustan insists. for most of us it probably doesn t make much difference how much salt we eat. dustan s most recent sho-rtterm study of 150 people showed thatthosewith normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed

43、 on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. of the hypertensive subjects, however, halfof those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to itsprevious level when salt was reintroduced.“ an adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has pr

44、obably saved many morelivesthan it has cost in the general population，” notes dr. john h. laragh.“ so a rec-ommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.medical exp erts agree that everyone should practice reasonable“ moderation” insaltconsumption. for an average person, a

45、moderate amount might run from four to ten gramsa day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. the equivalent or one to two grams of thissaltallowance would come from the natural sodium in good. the rest would be added in pro-cessing ,preparation or at the table.those with kidney, liver or heart proble

46、ms may have to limit dietary salt, if theirdoctoradvises. but even the very vocal“ low xspaoltnen”t, der. arthur hull hayes, jr. admits that“ we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertensioninfact,thereisincreasingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesin

47、calcium,potassium,perhaps magnesium； obesity(much moredangerous than sodi-um)； generic predisposition； stress.“ it is not your enemy,” says dr. laragh, salt is the no. 1 natural component of allhu-man tissue, and the idea that you don t need it is wrong. unless your doctor has proven that you have s

48、alt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.39. according to some doctors and politicians, the amount of saltconsumed .a. exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health巳. cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disordersc. correlates highly with some diseasesd. is

49、irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease40. from dr. dustan s study we can infer that .a. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people巳. the amount of salt intake has nothingto do with ones blood pressurec. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patientd. an extremely low

50、-salt diet makes no difference to anyone41. in the third paragraph, dr. laragh implies that .a. people should not be afraid of taking excessive saltb. doctors should not advise people to avoid saltc. an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in diseased. excessive salt intake ha

51、s claimed some victims in the general population42. what is the main message of this text?a. the salt scare is not justified.b. the origin of hypertension is now found.c. the moderate use of salt is recommended.d. salt consumption is to be promoted.passage 4opinion polls are now beginning to show th

52、at, whoever is to blame and whateverhap-pens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. this means we shall haveto make ways of sharing the available employment more widely.but we need to go further. we must ask some primary questions about the futureofwork.wouldwecontinueto treatemplo

53、ymentasthenorm?wouldwe not rather encour-age many other ways for self-respecting people to work? should we not createconditionsin which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? should we notaim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office

54、, ascenters of production and work?theindustrialagehas beenthe onlyperiodof humanhistoryin whichmost people swork has taken the form of jobs. the industrial age may now be coming to an end, andsome of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. this seems a daunting thought. but, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future forwork. universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18th centuriesmade many people dependent on pai