2012年高考英语北京试题及答案(解析版)

1、2012年高考英语真题21.look at those clouds!dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.a. even if b.as though c. in case d. if only22. by the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.a. gets b. has got c. will get d.is getting23. one learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.a. corr

2、ects b. correct c.to correct d. correcting24. jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.a. why b. how c. that d. whether25. george said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.a. wouldnt b. didnt c. hasnt d. hadnt 26. when deeply

3、absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. a. that b. which c. where d. when 27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.a. use b. using c. used d. to use28. many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.a. some b. less c. much

4、d. more29. have you heard about that fire in the market? yes, fortunately no one _.a. hurt b. was hurt c. has hurt d. had been hurt30. our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.a. had developed b. was developingc. would develop d. developed31. _ at the door before you enter my room, plea

5、se.a. knock b. knocking c. knocked d. to knock33. we _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?a. should face b. might face c. could have faced d. must have faced34. do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?a. at b. on c. to d. across35. dont handle the vase as if it _ made of

6、 steel.a. is b. were c. has been d. had beeninspiration“mama, when i grow up, im going to be one of those!” i said this after seeing the capital dancing company perform when i was three. it was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. as

7、 i grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. in the summer of 2005 when i was 18, i received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; i became a member of the company _41_ b

8、ack to 1925.as i look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. i believe i stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ i was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. i never actually _44_ to get the job. after being offered the position, i was completely _45_. i remember s

9、haking with excitement.though i was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, i found it vital to _47_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. it is that extreme _48_ to deta

10、il (细节) and stress on practice that set us _49_. to then follow those high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, i discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” what i thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than i thought _53_. i learned to m

11、ake each performance better than the last.today, when i look at the unbelievable company that i have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, i see a _55_ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop a

12、nd grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. a. hobby b. plan c. dream d. word37.a connected b. expanded c. exposed d. extended38. a. rarely b. certainly c. probably d. consistently39.a. director b. trainer c. leader d. dancer40. a. symbol b. memory c. truth d. reality41. a. boun

13、cing b. dating c. turning d. tracking42. a. lacksb. addsc. makesd. brings43. a. while b. since c. until d. when44.a. cared b. expected c. asked d. decided45.a. motivated b. relaxed c. convinced d. astonished46.a. challenges b. profits c. advantages d. adventures47.a. put b. mix c. build d. pick 48.a

14、. attention b. association c. attraction d. adaptation49.a. apart b. aside c. off d. back50.a. over b. by c. with d. beyond51.a. function b. meaning c. expression d. usage52.a. boundaries b. problems c. barriers d. efforts53.a. necessary b. perfect c. properd. possible54.a. talent b. honor c. potent

15、ial d. responsibility55.a. victory b. trend c. tradition d. desire第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。athe basics of mathmade clearbasic math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. th

16、ese 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for algebra(代数) and beyond.the lessons in basic math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. they also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. in addition to

17、 learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.basic math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually mo

18、ves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. the lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. they also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcom

19、e their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.by the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. they will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever ima

20、gined. in addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.professor h. siegel, honored by kentucky educational television as “the best math teacher in america,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make

21、them seem clear and obvious. from the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.with a phd in mathematics education from georgia state university, dr. siegel teaches mathematics at central arizona college. his courses i

22、nclude various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.if the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. or you can get your money back.56. what does the course basic math mainly cover? a. a

23、lgebra. b. college mathematics. c. arithmetic. d. mathematics education.57. what benefits can students expect from basic math? a. stronger imaginative ability. b. additional presentation skills. c. more mathematical confidence. d. greater chances of becoming teachers.58. what can we learn about prof

24、essor h. siegel? a. he is a guest lecturer at kentucky educational television. b. he is to deliver 30 lectures in basic math. c. he works in georgia state university. d. he specializes in training teachers.59. where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? a. a news report. b. a book revi

25、ew c. a lesson plan. d. an advertisementbpeanuts to thisproudly reading my words, i glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. confused, i glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. having no choice, i slowly raised the report i had sla

26、ved over, hoping to hide myself. “what could be causing everyone to act this way?”quickly, i flashed back to the day miss lancelot gave me the task. this was the first real talk i received in my new school. it seemed simple: go on the internet and find information about a man named george washington

27、. since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, i had never heard of that name before. as i searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! one invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, whi

28、le the other led some sort of army across america. i stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. i called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. ah! tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut

29、butter, george washington carver.weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, i was totally lost. oh well, i lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what i had done wrong. as a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “my report is on george washington, the man w

30、ho started the american revolution.” the whole world became quite! how could i know that she meant that george washington?obviously, my grade was awful. heartbroken but fearless, i decided to turn this around. i talked to miss lancelot, but she insisted: no re-dos; no new grade. i felt that the puni

31、shment was not justified, and i believed i deserved a second chance. consequently, i threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. ten months later, that chance unfolded as i found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different co

32、nversation. i smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. justice is sweet!60. what did the authors classmates think about his report?a. controversial. b. ridiculous.c. boring. d. puzzling.61. why

33、 was the author confused about the task?a. he was unfamiliar with american history.b. he followed the advice and flipped a coin.c. he forgot his teachers instruction.d. he was new at the school.62. the underlined word “burning” in para. 3 probably means _.a. annoyed b. ashamedc. ready d. eager63. in

34、 the end, the author turned things around _.a. by redoing his taskb. through his own effortsc. with the help of his grandfatherd. under the guidance of his headmastercdecision-making under stressa new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantag

35、es and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“stress affects how people learn,” says professor mara mather. “people learn better abo

36、ut positive than negative outcomes under stress.”for example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. in one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front o

37、f an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. in both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.this phenomenon is likely not s

38、urprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. but the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. not only are rewarding experiences rem

39、embered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.the research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. while both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be diffe

40、rent.men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. in stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.this tendency to slo

41、w down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. we can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.a. k

42、eep rewards better in their memoryb. recall consequences more effortlesslyc. make risky decisions more frequentlyd. learn a subject more effectively65. according to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.a. ways of making choicesb. preference for pleasurec. tolerance of punishm

43、entsd. responses to suggestions66.the research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.a. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsb. men have a greater tendency to slow downc. women focus more on outcomesd. men are more likely to take risksdwilderness“in wilderness(荒野) is the preservatio

44、n of the world.” this is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. the frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. as john sauven of greenpeace uk

45、 points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. the urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. s

46、ome of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. to mr.sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.lee lane, a visiting fellow at the hudson institute, takes the opposing view. he acknowled

47、ges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. but that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. there are ever more people on the earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rat

48、her than merely struggle for survival. while the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. if they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no fur

49、ther reason not to do so. being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.i look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. one challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the q

50、uestion of spiritual value a little more directly. and there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.this is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. what position wilderness should enjoy in the preservatio

51、n of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.67. john sauven holds that_. a. many people value nature too much b. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful c. wildernesses provide humans with necessities d. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong68. what is the main idea o

52、f para. 3? a. the exploitation is necessary for the poor people. b. wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. c. useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. d. all the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.69. what is the a

53、uthors attitude towards this debate? a. objective. b. disapproving. c. sceptical. d. optimistic.70. which of the following shows the structure of the passage?a. b. c. d. cp: central pointp: pointsp: sub-point(次要点)c: conclusion第二节（共5小题 ；每小题2分，共10分）empathylast year, researchers from the university of

54、michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.jennifer freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. t

55、urn on the tv, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_there are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. humans are socially related by nature. _73_ researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are m