2022年2022年初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载unit 1-3 语法 -不定式to do1不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to 加上动词原形如 to write所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情形下 to 可以省略；全部的主动词,不论为及物动词仍为不及物动词, 都有不定式形式；没有不定式形式；动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语.宾语.表语.定语和状语；2不定式的用法1不定式结构作主语1. te get contact with his family in taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 y

2、ears ago2. to finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情形下,假如不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,就可由代词让作形式主语形式主语 it 不行由 that 或 this 等其他代词代替 ,而将不定式放到后面；如：1.it made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2.john admitted that it is always d

3、ifficult for him to be on time不定式结构所表示的动作为谁做的,即不定式的规律主语,通常可以通过for sb.to do sth. 结构表达：如： 1.it is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2. it is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词 如 careless, clever,considerate, foolish , good, impolite , kind,

4、 naughty,nice,silly ,stupid 等作表语时,不定式后可以加of 来引导出其规律主 语：1.it is very kind of you to tell me the truth 2.it is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种：一种为及物动词后直接跟带to 的不定式,另一种为 “及物动词 +疑问词 +带 to 的不定式；及物动词 +带 to 的不定式结构 :只能跟动词不定式的动词, 常见的有 : afford, agree,aim, appear,ask, believe, care,claim

5、,decide demand, desire, determine, expect, fail , happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer , pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, seek, swear, undertake,want, wish 等 ；1.he managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.the stranger offered to show me the way.3.mr. smith undertook to bui

6、ld a new plant in south africa.动词+疑问代 副词+不定式：这类动词常见的有 advise, decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, see, regard 中学英语语法总结, remember, teach, tell , understand, wonder 等；常见的疑问代 副词有: what, when, where, which, how, whether 等；1. he does not know when to start.2. you can decide whether to continu

7、e or to stop.3.i will show you how to deal with it.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载有时,不定式可由 it 代替,而把不定式放到后面去；这可以用这一结构表达：动词如 find , think, consider, feel 等+it+形容词 +不定式；1. she considers it necessary to make friends with him.2. we find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o clock.3不定式做表语一种情形

8、为主语为不定式表示条件 ；表语为不定式 表示结果 ： 1.to see is to believe.2.to work means to earn a living另一种情形为主语为以aim,duty,hope, idea,job, plan,problem, purpose,thing,wish 等名词为中心的短语,或以what 引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用： ；例如：1. his aim is to study abroad in the near future2. the most important thing is to negotiate with them a

9、bout the price 3.what i want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种,被修饰的名词词组为不定式的规律宾语；例如：1. there was really nothing to fear2. he gave me an interesting book to read假如不定式为不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词；例如：1.mary needs a friend to play with 2.that girl has nothing to worry ab

10、out 3.they have a strict teacher to listen to4.although the film had been on for ten minutes, i still was not able to find a chair to sit on其次种,被修饰的名词词组为不定式的规律主语；例如：1.have you got a key to unlock the door. 2.the action to be taken is correct3.there is nothing to be gained by pretending第三种, 被修饰的名词词组为

11、不定式的同位结构； 这类名词通常为表示妄想. 努力.倾向.目的.愿望.is 算.才能.意向等意义的名词： ability , attempt, effort , impulse, inclination ,wish 等；例如：1.her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.i have no wishto quarrel withyou3.neither of them had any inclination to do business with mary.5不定式作状语不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语

12、从句；例如作缘由状语：1. they are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area2. they are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area 3.he was lucky to arrive before dark4.he was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的状语：1. she raised her voice to be heared

13、better2. she raised her voice so that she could heard better精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载3. we went via heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4. we went via heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作结果状语 ：1.the french football team played so successfully as to defeat the brazilians 2.the french

14、 football team played so successfully that they even defeated the brazilians3. he got to the station only to be told the train had gone4. he got to the station and was told that the train had gone不带 to 的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to 可不带to；归纳起来,以下情形下使用不带to 不定式：1 在 can could, /may might,wil

15、l would,shallshould,must, need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to；2在表示感觉意义的动词, 如 see中学英语语法总结, feel,watch,notice,smell, hear,observe等后,或为表示 “致使”意义的动词,如 have,let,make 等后,动词不定式不带 to；例如：1.i often heard him say that he would study hard2.i must have him see his own mistakes但为,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to 不定式一般转换为带to 不定式；例如：1

16、. he was often heard to say that he would study hard2. after he had finished speaking, he was made to answer innumerable questions 3在动词 help 之后可用不带 to 的不定式,也可用带to 的不定式；例如： 1.help the old lady to carry the heavy box.4) 在 had better,would rather,may might as well,rather than,can not but 等搭配之后中学英语语法总结,

17、动词不定式也不带to；例如：1.unless you feel to ill to go out, i would rather not stay at home tonight 2.she could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5) 在 make do,make believe,let drop,1et fall ,1et fly,let slip ,let drive,let gooff ,hear say, hear tell,leave go of 等固定搭配中,用不带to 的动词不定式；例如：1. they let go of t

18、he rope他们松开了绳子；2. john let fly a torrent of abuse at me约翰朝我痛骂了一顿； 3.i've heard tell of him我听说过他；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载4.some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students员工被解雇了；由于生源不足,一些教职精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载6在介词 but 中学英语语法总结中学英语语法总结,except 之后,假如其前有动词 do 的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之就必需带 to,表示“

19、不得不,只能”；例如：1. he will do anything except work on the farm2. there was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3. the spy was both hungry and cold； there was nothing left for him but to give in4.i had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载下面一些短语为固定搭配,不带to：精

20、品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载can not help but,can not choose bu,tbut；例如：i can not but admire his courage.假如上述句中有do,to 省略：can not but,do nothing but,have nothing to do精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载i did nothing but watch tv last night 假如为下面一个固定搭配,就带to：i have no choice but to give up my idea. 7紧跟在 why 或 why not 之后的

21、动词不定式总为不带to；但为,紧跟在 who,what,which, whether 等连接词后的不定式带to；例如： why stand up if you can sit down.why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning. you needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science 4不定式的否定形式否定形式为在不定式的标志to 前加 not；例如：1.i decided not to ask him again2. please rem

22、ember not to leave the lights on when you are out动词不定式练习一. 依据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词；1. he was so angry that he couldn t say anything. he was too angry anything.2. i don t know when we will have the meeting.i don t knowwhen the meeting.3. he said he would write a letter.he said he would have a lett

23、er .4. that you read english in the morning is very important.it is very important you english in the morning.5. he was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头） he was strong the stone.6. his father went to beijing for his holiday.his father went to beijing his holiday.7. they got up early so th

24、at they could get there in time.they got up early there in time.8. his brother decided that he would buy the book. his brother decided the book.9. he hopes that he can visit the great wall. he hopes the great wall.10.i saw him go into the room.he was seen into the room.11. we made him work five hour

25、s a day.he was made five hours a day.12. do you want to say anything for yourself.do you have anything for yourself.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载13. we don t know what we shall do next. we don t know what next.14.i m very sorry on hearing the bad news. i m very sorry thedbnaews.15.he stopped and h

26、ad a look at me.he stopped a look at me.16.i helped him with his english.i helped him english.17. my father promised（许诺） that he would buy me a bike.my father promised me a bike.18. the box is so heavy that i can t carry it. the box is too heavy me .19. “ lie down.” the boy said to his dog.the boy o

27、rdered his dog down.20. “ don t make any noisshee、 said”to me.she told me any noise.二. 单项：1. this company was the first portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.a. producingb. to producec. having producedd. produced2. the purpose of new technology is to make life easier、 it mo

28、re difficult. a .not makingb. not makec .not to maked. nor to make3. helen had to shout above the sound of the music . a .making herself hearb. to make herself hearc. making herself heardd .to make herself heard4. i don t know whether you happen 、but i am going to study in the u.s.a this september.a

29、 .to be heard.b. to be bearingc .to heard .to have heard5. the news reporters hurried to the airport、 only the film stars had left. a .to tellb .to be toldc .tellingd .told6. you were silly not your car.a. to lockb. to have lockedc. lockingd. having locked7. the teacher asked us so much noise.a .don

30、 t make b. not makec. not makingd .not to make8. an army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.a .to issueb. being issuedc. to have issuedd. to be issued精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载9. i d rather have a room of my own、 howevsemr someone else.all i

31、t is、 than a room with精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. to shareb. to have sharedc. shared. sharing10. the bankisreportedinthelocal newspaperinbroad daylight yesterday.a. robbedb. to have been robbedc. being robbedd. having been robbed精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载11. a number of paintings in the castle ar

32、e believed in a fire.a. being destroyedb. having been destroyedc. to be destroyedd. to have been destroyed12. the meeting next week is sure to be a great success.a. to take placeb. to be taken placec. to have taken placed. being taken place13. as a result of my laziness、 i failed my work in time.a.

33、and finishedb. to finishc. and finishingd. to finished14. i am sorry written you a letter at the time.a. to have notb. tonot havec. notto haved. not having15. will you lend him a magazine .a. to be readb. for readingc. to readd. he read16. he could do nothing but for the bus .a. wait、 to comeb. wait

34、; comec. waiting; comingd. waited; came 17 .it is a problem that doesn't need right now.a. to solveb. solvingc. being solvedd. to be solving18. there s a manthaet reception desk who seems very angry and i think he means trouble.a. makingb. to makec. to have maded. having made19. i remember him t

35、he bike needed .a. hearing、 saying、 to repairb. to hear、 say、to repairc. hearing、 say、 repairingd. to hear、 saying、 to be repaired20. - you should have thanked her before you left.- i meant 、 but when i was leaving i couldn t find her anywhere.a. to dob. toc. doingd. doing so21. robert is said to ab

36、road、 but i don t know what country he studied in.a. to have studiedb. to studyb. to be studyingd. to have beenstudying22. i m gong to xi an next week. have you anything rteonytso.ur paa. to takeb. to be takenc. to be bought tod. to buy23. when are they in their plan.a. handb. handedc. to handd. giv

37、e24. in such dry weather、 the flowers will have to be watered if they .a. have survivedb. are to survivec. would survivedd. will survive25. when we hurried to the station、 there happened no bus at that time.a. to haveb. to bec. havingd. being26. i lost my way in complete darkness and、 matters worse、

38、 it began to rain.a. madeb. having madec. makingd. to make27. at time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning、 though she is always too busy a good rest.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载a. no、 to takeb. no、 takingc. any、 to taked. one、 taking28. -are you a student.-no、 but i used .a. to beb. to

39、wasc. to dod. to be a29. i stopped to listen、 and my son seemed himself in the living room.a. to enjoy、to shutb. to be enjoying、 shuttingc. to be enjoying、 shutd. to have enjoyed、 having shut30. with a lot of difficult problems 、 the newly-elected president is having a hard time.a. settledb. settlin

40、gc. to settled. being settled31. we re leaving at six o clock、 and hope most of the journey by lunch time.a. to dob. to have donec. to maked. to have made32. the study of the wild world may help to make the world easier .a. understoodb. to be understoodc. to understandd. understand33. who will you g

41、et the project for us.a. designb. to designc. designedd. designing34. it is said in australia there is more land than the government know .a. it what to do withb. what to do it withc. what to do with itd. to do what with it35. we are not allowed outdoors with some other children.a. playingb. to be p

42、layingc. to playd. be playing36. allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.a. much too heavyb. toomuch heavyc. heavy toomuchd. too heavy much37. she feels so strongly that each of us should have a role in making the earth a better place to live in.a. to have playedb. to

43、play38. wheni handed thereporttoc. to be playedjohn、 hesaid thatd. to be playinggeorge was theperson .a. to sendb. for sending itc. to send it tod. for sending it to39. do let your mother know all the truth、 she appears everything.a. to tellb. to be toldc. to be tellingd. to have been told40. there

44、are five pairs 、 but i m at a loss which to buy.a. to be chosenb. to choose fromc. to choosed. for choosing41. the problem is difficult for us .a. so; work outb. very too; to be worked outc. rather too、 to work outd. quite too、 to work it out42. -where should i my application.-the personnel office i

45、s the place .a. send; to send itb. send for; to send it toc. send for; for sending itd. send; to send it to43. i ve worked with children before、 so i know w_h_a_t in my new job.a. expectedb. to expectc. expectsd. to be expecting精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载44. i feel it is your husband who for the

46、 spoiled child.a. is to blameb. is going to blamec. is to be blamedd. should blame45. can you imagine the questions i had our teacher.a. askedb. to askc. askingd. ask46. who did you the wall yesterday.a. have paintedb. have paintc. have to paintd. have painting47. -what s the matter with joh.n-he di

47、dn t pass the test but he still .a. hopes sob. hopes toc. hope itd. hope that48. much attention should be paid people s living conditions.a. in improvingb. to improvec. improvingd. to improving49. that evening was due to his ill health.a. he failed to comeb. that he failed to comingc. his failure to

48、 comed. his failure in coming50. i would love to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report.a. to gob. to have gonec. goingd. having gone51. my family considers a computer、 which is considered a great help in our work and study.a. to buy; to beb. buying; beingc. to buy; be

49、ingd. buying; to be52. with the plane in ten minutes、 all the passengerson board wereasked to turn off their mobile phones.a. taken offb. taking offc. to take offd. would take off53. thank you for all the trouble youn v_e ta_k_eme.a. to helpb. with to helpc. in helpingd. of helping54. he is believed

50、 the college exam、 for he is now studying very hard now.a. to passb. to have passedc. passd. that he can pass 55.- will you have anybody the flowers.- yes、 i ll have the flowers .a. plant、 plantedb. to plant、 plantedc. plant; to be plantedd. to plant 、 plant56. they are looking forward with hope fro

51、m you soon.a. to hearingb. of hearingc. hearingd. to hear57. busy translating a book、 he couldn t help the article.a. writeb. writingc. wroted. written58. zhou lan doesn t have to be made . she always seturydiheasrvd.a. learnb. to learnc. learningd. learned59. this cake、 you ll need 2 eggs、 175 g su

52、gar、 and 175 g flour.a. having made、b、 makec. to maked. making60. i feel it an honour to speak here.a. to be askedb. to askc. having askedd. asked61. he asked me here earlier.a. comeb. to comec. comingd. came精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载62. please tell him on the wall.a. don t drawb. to not drawc.

53、 not to drawd. not draw63. he wanted a cup of tea.a. to haveb. havingc. haved. had64. i d like a word with you.a. hadb. havingc. to haved. have65. i came here my uncle.a. sawb. to seec. seeingd. to be seen66. the man refused （拒绝） back his words.a. to takeb. takingc. tookd. takes67. i can let you one

54、 ticket.a. to haveb. havec. havingd. had68. we often heard him in his room.a. to singb. singsc. sangd. sing69. he was made day and night.a. workb. workingc. to workd. worked70. he stopped a look、 but saw nothing.a. havingb. to havec. haved. had71. my father was too angry a word.a. to sayb. not to sa

55、yc. to sayingd. didn t say72. my brother was old enough to school.a. wentb. goesc. goingd. to go73. it is time him supper.a. of、 to haveb. for、 to havec. of、 havingd. for、 to has74. it s very kind you me.a. of、 to helpb. for、 to helpc. of、 helpd. of、 helping75. it s important our classroom clean every