RiskAssessment(英文版)

1、(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Risk Assessment“Foundations of an effective health and safety management system”(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Structure of presentation What is Risk Assessment Definitions associated with R.A Legal Aspects of Risk Assessment Types of R.A Object

2、ives of R.A Accident categories Risk Assessment Process(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.IS SAFETY EQUAL TO “COMMON SENSE”?(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Is Safety “OBVIOUS”?(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.What Health & Safety Management Is“Effective health and sa

3、fety managementis not common sense but is based on acommon understanding of risks and howto control them brought about throughgood management.” Health & Safety Executive, 1991(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.What is Risk Assessment Process for measuring and ranking risks Helps to deter

4、mine if systems, facilities or activities are acceptable Aid to decision making(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Definitions associated with R.A Hazard:- the potential of a substance or process to cause harm. eg. Chemical, Electricity, use of a ladder Risk:- the likelihood of a substance, a

5、ctivity or process to cause harm. (it is linked to the severity of the consequence). Occupational or work related ill-health:- Physical or mental disorders that are either caused or triggered by workplace activities/a particular work activity. *Time interval between exposure and onset of illness may

6、 be short (asthma attacks) or long (deafness or cancer)(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Definitions associated with R.A Accident:- any unplanned event that results in injury or ill-health of people, or damage or loss to property, plant, material, or the environment or a loss of a business

7、opportunity. (Health Safety Executive) Near Miss:- any incident that could have resulted in an accident. Research indicates that for every 10 near misses at a particular location in a work place, a minor accident will occur. Dangerous Occurrence/Reportable Incidents:- a near miss that could have res

8、ulted in in serious injury or loss of life. (eg. Collapse of a scaffold, rail coach accident Kwame Nkrumah Circle)(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Legal Aspects of R.A Employers responsibility to ensure a safe, healthy and secure working environment Factories, Offices and Shops Act, 1970 (

9、Act 328)Part 4: Notification of AccidentsPart 5: Health and WelfarePart 6: SafetyPart 7: Dangerous Conditions and PracticesPart 9: Offences and Legal Proceedings Workmens Compensation Law, 1987 (P.N.D.C.L 187) National Labour Commission Regulations, 2006 (L.I. 1822) The 1992 Constitution of the Repu

10、blic of Ghana(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Objectives of R.APrimarily: Comply with the law Reduce Costs Direct (lost production/down time/diseases, etc) Indirect (reputation/image/lost business opportunities, etc) Reduce Potential Liabilities Improve work environment Reduce Residual Ris

11、ks As low as “practically possible” risks(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Accident Categories Contact with: Moving objects Fixed/stationary objects Electricity Electrical Discharge Struck by: Moving Flying Falling objects Injured while: Handling Lifting Carrying Trapped by something Drowni

12、ng/Asphyxiation Slips, Trips & Falls Falls from heights Exposure to: Fire Harmful Substances Explosion, etc Physical assault by a person Other kinds of accidents(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.R.A Process 6-step process Hazard Identification Persons at Risk Evaluation of Risk Level Ri

13、sk Controls Recordkeeping/Documentation Monitoring and Review(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Hazard IdentificationWhen you work in a place every day it is easy tooverlook some hazards, tips to help identify significanthazards: Walk around your workplace and look at what could reasonably b

14、e expected to cause harm. Ask your employees what they think. They may have noticed things that are not immediately obvious to you.(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Hazard Identification Check manufacturers instructions or data sheets for chemicals and equipment (they can be very helpful in

15、 spelling out the hazards and putting them in their true perspective). Have a look at your accident and ill-health records these often help to identify the less obvious hazards. Remember to think about long-term hazards to health (e.g. high levels of noise or exposure to harmful substances) as well

16、as safety hazards.(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Persons at Risk For each hazard you need to be clear about who might be harmed; it will help identify the best way of managing the risk. Identify groups of people (e.g. office staff or visitors or contractors). Identify how they might be h

17、armed (i.e. what type of injury or ill health might occur. For example, shelf stackers may suffer back injury from repeated lifting of boxes).(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Persons at Risk Some workers have particular requirements (e.g. new and young workers, new or expectant mothers and

18、 people with disabilities may be at particular risk). Extra thought will be needed for some hazards; Cleaners, visitors, contractors, maintenance workers etc, who may not be in the workplace all the time;(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Persons at Risk Members of the public, if they could

19、be hurt by your activities; If you share your workplace, you will need to think about how your work affects others present, as well as how their work affects your staff talk to them; and ask your staff/associates if they can think of anyone you may have missed.(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh

20、Ltd.Evaluation of Risk Level Having spotted the hazards, you then have to decide what to do about them. The law requires you to do everything reasonable and practicable to protect people from harm. You Prioritize So first, look at what youre already doing, think about what controls you have in place

21、 and how the work is organised. Ask yourself - Can I get rid of the hazard altogether? If not, how can I control the risks so that harm is unlikely?(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Evaluation of Risk LevelQualitative Risk Assessment Most commonly used Subjective High Medium Low Affects tim

22、elines for corrective actions(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Evaluation of Risk LevelQuantitative Risk Assessment Attempts to quantify risk levels based on: Likelihood (existing control factors, frequency of exposure, category of exposed person) Severity (magnitude of hazard) Commonly use

23、d in aircraft design/maintenance or pharmaceutical industryImportant to recognize that whichever evaluation method used, the level of risk simply enables a timetable for corrective action/risk reduction plan(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Risk ControlsWhen controlling risks, apply the pri

24、nciples asfollows: Eliminate the process/hazard if possible Try a less risky option (e.g. switch to using a less hazardous chemical). Prevent access to the hazard (e.g. by guarding). Organise work to reduce exposure to the hazard. Issue personal protective equipment (e.g. clothing, footwear, goggles

25、 etc).(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Risk Controls Provide welfare facilities (e.g. first aid and washing facilities). Improving health and safety need not cost a lot. Failure to take simple precautions can cost you a lot more if an accident does happen.(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainabl

26、e Gh Ltd.Recordkeeping/Documentation(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Recordkeeping/DocumentationYou need to be able to show that: A proper check was made. You asked who might be affected. You dealt with all the significant hazards, taking into account the number of people who could be invo

27、lved. The precautions are reasonable, the remaining risk is low. You involve your staff or their representatives in the process.If, like many businesses, you find that there are quite a lot of improvements that you could make, big and small, dont try to do everything at once.(c) 2009 HSE Training -

28、Sustainable Gh Ltd.Recordkeeping/DocumentationMake a plan of action to deal with the most important/significantthings first. A good plan must include a mix of different things:A few cheaper or easy improvements that can be done quickly.A temporary solution until more reliable controls are in place.L

29、ong-term solutions to those risks most likely to cause accidents or ill health.Long-term solutions to those risks with the worst potential consequences;Arrangements for training employees on the main risks that remain and how they are to be controlled.Regular checks to make sure that the control mea

30、sures stay in place.Remember, priorities and tackle the most important things first.(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Monitoring and Review Your workplace will not stay the same. Sooner or later, you will bring in new equipment, substances or procedures that could lead to new hazards. It ma

31、kes sense to review what you are doing on an ongoing basis. Every year or so formally review where you are, to make sure you are still improving, or at least not sliding back. Look at your workplace risk assessment procedures regularly.(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.Monitoring and Review

32、 Have there been any changes? Are there improvements you still need to make? Have your workers spotted a potential problem? Have you spotted a potential problem? Have you learnt anything from accidents or near misses? Make sure your risk assessment stays up to date.During the year, if there is a significant change, dont wait for the review date. Check your risk assessment and, where necessary, amend it.(c) 2009 HSE Training - Sustainable Gh Ltd.10 Steps to Effective Risk Assessment Make s