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1、浙江 2020 高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测题讲解及选练(含答案)高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型:1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 (细节理解题);2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力 (词义猜测题) ;3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意题);4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力 (推理判断题)。【词义猜测题】. 利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。有时,为了避免重复,作者会运用不同的词来表述
2、同一意思。此时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构,此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。这种情况下,通常在生词和与其同义或近义的词或短语之间有表并列关系的词and或or等。. 利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。反义词同样能够帮助我们理解生词的含义,像although,but,while,however,otherwise,on the other hand等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。. 根据定义和解释猜测词义。有些文章中尽管出现了生词,但作者可能会以某种方式对该生词进行解释,如利用means,or,that is
3、60;to say ,that is,in other words,namely等释义性词或短语来进行解释,或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等来解释。. 利用举例说明猜测词义。有时,有些生词没有给出直接的解释,而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。我们可以对这些例子进行归纳,即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义,也能猜测出其大致意思。常见的表示举例说明的词和短语有:like,for example,for instance,such as,such . as等。. 利用
4、上下文语境猜测词义。猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义都离不开上下文的语境,此时就要求我们通过上下文来对该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。. 利用词义搭配猜测词义。第1页(共10页)句子中的某个单词总是和其它的词或短语相关联,我们可以通过这些前后关联的词或短语来猜测该生词的含义。. 利用因果关系猜测词义。有时,我们可以结合上下文利用因果关系来进行推断,可以是根据原因推测结果,也可以是根据结果推测原因。通常用于表示因果关系的词和短语有:because,as,since,for,so,thus, as a result,therefore,so/such&
5、#160;. that等。. 利用类属关系猜测词义。有时,文中出现的生词可能与其他几个我们熟悉的词语同属于一个类别,此时可以利用这种类属关系推测出生词的意思。. 利用生活经验和社会常识猜测词义。有不少生词可以根据生活经验或社会常识进行推理、分析从而猜测出词义。比如了解一些西方国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及社会制度等,可以帮助我们加深对文章的理解,遇到生词时,猜测词义的能力自然就增强了。. 利用构词法猜测词义。构词法以派生和合成为主,如:前缀、后缀和词根,或是复合词。了解构词法并记住一些派生词词缀,可以帮助我们扩充词汇量,也可猜测出不少生词的词义。【
6、真题回放】And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and someresearchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on
7、 at least five species ofrabbit in the US.(浙江卷,2019年阅读理解A).42. The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA. criminalB. judgeC. victimD. producer42. A。rising temperat
8、ures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US中rising temperatures与climate change有关,再根据having harmful effects on at least five speciesof rabbit可知,上升的温
9、度对五种兔子有不良影响,由此可知,气候变化是引起问题的事物,与criminal (罪犯) 意思相近。【冲向高考】阅读理解第2页(共10页)Shay asked, “Do you think theyll let me play?” Shays father knew that most of the boys would notwant someone like Sh
10、ay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally andphysically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of
11、0;belonging andsome confidence.Shays father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expectingmuch. The boy looked around and said, “Were
12、 losing by six runs (分) and the game is in the eighthinning (局).I guess he can be on our team and well try to put him in to bat in the final
13、 inning.Shay struggled over to the teams bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his fatherhad a small tear in his eye and warmth in hear
14、t. The boys saw the fathers joy at his son beingaccepted.In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shays team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In
15、 thetop of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way,he was obviously joyful just to be in the
16、160;game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning,Shays team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat an
17、dgive away their chance to win the game?Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch(投) came and Shay missed
18、. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softlytowards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground
19、ball right back tothe pitcher.The pitcher could have easily thrown he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out andthat would have been the end of&
20、#160;the game .Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head ofthe first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates, The audience and the players from both
21、teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first!” Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made itto first base, wide-eyed and shocked.Everyone should, “Run to&
22、#160;second!” Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second. By thetime Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to
23、0;be thehero for his team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but heunderstood the pitchers intentions and he too intentionally thr
24、ew the ball high and far over the thirdbasemans head.第3页(共10页)allAll were screaming,“Shay,Shay,Shay, the way Shay.” Shay reached third base when one opposingplayer ran to help
25、;him and shouted, “Shay, run to third.” As Shay rounded third, all were on their feet,crying, “Shay, run home!”Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and wa
26、s cheered as the herowho t won the game for his team.That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece true love and humanity into this world. Shaydi
27、dnt make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero andmaking his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother te
28、arfully hug her little hero ofthe day!() 1. Not expecting much, Shays father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because thefather _.A. noticed some of
29、60;the boys on the field were heistingB. guessed his presence would affect the boys decisionC. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay wellD. understood Shay
30、 did need a feeling of being accepted() 2. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys _.A. believed they were sure to w
31、in the gameB. would like to help Shay enjoy the gameC. found Shay was so eager to be a winnerD. fell forced to give Shay another chance() 3. The smallest
32、160;boy threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head, probably becausethat boy _.A. was obviously aware of the pitchers purposeB. looked forward to winning
33、60;the game for his teamC. failed to throw the ball to the second basemanD. saw that Shay already reached second base() 4. Which of the following has nothing to
34、 do with Shays becoming the hero for his team?A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman.B. The audience and the players from both teams ch
35、eered for him.C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home.第4页(共10页)D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.() 5. What to you think is the&
36、#160;theme of the story?A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.B. Everyone has his own strength even if mentally or physically disable
37、d.C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.本篇文章是一篇关于爱的教育的故事。一位父亲鼓
38、励帮助自己心智和身体残疾的儿子,和正常人一样参与棒球运动,并且得到同伴的认可。文章富有教育意义。1. 细节题。 根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段,but 处出题,最后一句”it would give him amuch-needed sense of belonging and some confidence”得出答案 D 为正确选项。2.细节题。答案在原文第五段 surprisingly 处,显示了一种转折。在上一段讲了Sha
39、y 的团队赢分了,在上文 even though 点出尽管他没有一个球是他进的,但他仍然感到很喜悦。在第五段文章说他被伙伴们同意进入了最后一局。可见答案 B 是正确的,所有人都希望能够帮助他成功。3. 细节题。根据题干将关键词定位到第七段”the smallest guy on their team”,这是个长难句,who 引导了一个非限制性定语从句,他本可以成为比赛最后的 hero,可 but 点出了转折,他明白pitcher
40、0;的意图并且帮助了 Shay 的成功。可见答案 A 正确。4.推断题。题干问下面哪一项是和 Shay 的成功无关的。文章第八段最后说众人喊道: “Shay, runhome”,当他 run home 之后,我们看到结果是他成功了,他成为了 Hero,可见没有任何人在这个时候阻止了他。可见 C 选项是与他的成功无关的,为正确选项。5. 主旨大意题。文章处处渗透了球队人与人之间的相互尊重,因此 A 选项包容性最大, B
41、,C,D都是很片面的。【2020 年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测(一)】阅读理解。阅读下面短文,选择最佳答案填空。BIt was a cold night in Washington, D.C., and I was heading back to the hotel when a manapproached me. He asked me for
42、;some money so he could get something to eat. Id read the signs:“Dont give money to beggars.” So I shook my head and keptmarching.I wasnt prepared for a reply,&
43、#160;but he said, “I really am homeless and I really am hungry! You cancome with me and watch me eat!” But I kept on marching.第5页(共10页)The incident bothered me
44、for the rest of the week. I had money in my pocket and it wouldnthave killed me to hand over a dollar or two even if he had been lying. On a
45、;freezing cold night, Istill assumed the worst of a fellow human being.Flying back to Anchorage, I couldnt help thinking of him. I tried to seek excuses for my
46、failureto help by assuming government agencies, churches and charities were there to feed him. Besides,youre not supposed to give money to beggars.Somewhere over Seattle, I st
47、arted to write my weekly garden column for The Anchorage DailyNews. Out of the blue, I came up with an idea. Beans Cafe, the soup kitchen in Anchorage, feedshun
48、dreds of hungry Alaskans every day. Why not try to get all my readers to plant one row in theirgardens devoted to Beans?Before long my idea took off. People
49、0;would fax me or call when they took something in. Thosewho only grew flowers donated them. Food for the spirit. And relief for my conscience.As more and more
50、people started working with the Plant a Row concept, many companiesgave free seeds to customers and displayed the logo, which also arose in national gardeningpublications. Row
51、 markers with the Plant a Row logo were distributed to gardeners to set aparttheir “Row for the Hungry” .It is unexpected that millions of Americans are threatened
52、160;by hunger. If every gardener inAmerica and were seventy million strong plants one row for the hungry, we can lower thenumber of neighbors who dont have en
53、ough to eat. Maybe then Iwill stop feeling guilty aboutabandoning a hungry man I could have helped.1. Why did the author turn down the beggars request?A. He was
54、;previously reminded not to do so.B. He was eager to march back to the hotel.C. He thought that it was beyond his duty.D. He was short of money at that
55、0;moment.2. Which of the following is the closest to the underlined phrase “took off” (Paragraph 6)?A. We eventually took off at 11 oclock and landed in Seattle safe
56、ly.B. To take off pounds, you have to cut down the number of caloriesC. On hearing the news, he took off at once and headed back to the hotel.第6页(共10页)D. H
57、is business has really taken off owing to his advanced management.3. What did the author do after the beggars incident?A. He felt guilty but couldnt help him.B. He
58、160;started a project to help the hungry.C. He ran a blue kitchen to supply the hungry with soup.D. He still supposed it was unwise to give money to beggars.4.&
59、#160;What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Plant a Row for the HungryB. Lend a Hand to BeggarsC. Never Hesitate to Help OthersD. Plan a Gardening Proj
60、ect参考答案 14、ADBA【2020 年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测(一)】阅读理解。阅读下面短文,选择最佳答案填空。CIn 2013 alone at least 20,000 African elephants were killed for their teeth. In South Africa overthe last two years more th
61、an 2,200 rhinos were killed for their horns. These numbers are alarming,because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates,which could lead to extinction
62、0;forthese ecologically important creatures in their environment. Indeed, some elephant and rhinopopulations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.If you are
63、60;reading this, you may already be aware of these facts. But you might not know thatwildlife trafficking(走私) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but
64、 is alsoleading to extinction of other species, such as tigers, tortoises, sea turtles and the worlds mosttrafficked mammal(哺乳动物) pangolins.Pangolins are the only mammals tha
65、t are entirely covered in tough scales(鳞), which makesthem look very strong. But actually they are endangered mammals. There are eight differentspecies of pangolins, four in
66、160;Asia and four in Africa, and all are threatened with extinction.Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live, high demandin East Asia,
67、 where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are第7页(共10页)used in traditional medicines, is driving an illegal trade in both live ani
68、mals and pangolin parts. Thenumber of pangolin trafficking is shocking. Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1million pangolins were taken from the wild.
69、 It is estimated that between 40,000 and 81,250pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.In February, the United States released a plan to deal with&
70、#160;wildlife trafficking, which lays out thesteps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife, including pangolins. We are strengthening thecarrying out of the plan;&
71、#160;building international cooperation and contribution to protectwildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.Get involved and remember Worl
72、d Wildlife Day (March 3) by spreading the plan. Use socialmedia and tell everyone that now is the time to get serious about wildlife crime and end thedemand tha
73、t threatens species, big and small, from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.1. How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?A. 4.B. 5.C. 6.D. 7.2. W
74、hich of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.B. Pangolins are not protected in most of their natur
75、al habitats.C. The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.D. High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.3. What can
76、 we know about the plan released by the US?A. Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.B. Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be
77、160;seen.C. The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.D. More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.4. What is the
78、0;authors intention of writing the passage?A. To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.B. To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.C. To explain why pangolins
79、60;are illegally traded in East Asia.D. To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.参考答案 14、CDCB第8页(共10页)阅读理解。Some years ago on a hot summer
80、160;day in south Florida a little boy decided to go for a swim in the oldswimming lake behind his house.In a hurry to dive into the cool water,he ran out
81、160;the back door,leaving behind his shoes,socks,andshirt as he went.He flew into the water,not realizing that as he swam toward the middle of the lake,an alligator (鳄鱼)
82、was swimming toward the shore.His mother in the house was looking out of the window and saw the two as they got closer andcloser.In extreme fear,she ran toward
83、the water,yelling to her son as loudly as she could.Hearing hervoice,the little boy became alarmed and made a U-turn to swim to his mother.It was too late.Just ashe&
84、#160;reached her,the alligator reached him.From the dock (码头),the mother grabbed her little boy by the arms just as the alligator snatched hislegs.That began an incredible tug-of-war (拔河)The alligator was much stronger than the mother,but the mothe
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