被动语态的用法和主动句变被动句ppt课件

1、Passive Voice (2)Passive Voice (2)By Grace Wong By Grace Wong From From ShifosiShifosi Junior High Junior High SchoolSchool1；.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 歌诀歌诀： 谁谁做的动作不知道做的动作不知道， 说说出谁做的出谁做的没必没必要；要； 动动作承受者需强调作承受者需强调， 被被动语态运用到。动语态运用到。2；.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 (1)(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：例如：some new comp

2、uters were stolen some new computers were stolen last night. last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。( (不不知道电脑是谁偷的知道电脑是谁偷的) ) This book was published in 1981.This book was published in 1981.这本书这本书出版于出版于19811981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）年。（没有必要或说出出版者）3；.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 (2)(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。者。 例

3、如：例如：The window was broken by mike.The window was broken by mike.窗窗户是迈克打破的。户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by This book was written by Lu Lu XunXun. .这这本书本书是是鲁迅鲁迅写写的。的。 The dinosaur eggs were found in the The dinosaur eggs were found in the GebiGebi Desert in the 1960s. Desert in the 1960s. 那些恐龙蛋是那些恐

4、龙蛋是2020世纪世纪6060年代在戈壁滩上被发现的。年代在戈壁滩上被发现的。4；.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 (3) (3) 为了更好地安排句子。为了更好地安排句子。 例例：The The well-known person got on the well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by bus and was immediately recognized by people. people. （一个主语就够了（一个主语就够了） (4) (4) 在传递命令或要求的时候，为了缓和语气，在传递命令或要求

5、的时候，为了缓和语气，通常用被动语态让听者感觉此事对事不对人。通常用被动语态让听者感觉此事对事不对人。 例：例： The books cant be taken out of the The books cant be taken out of the reading room. reading room. （书不能被拿出阅览室。）（书不能被拿出阅览室。）5；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句 (1)(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 ( (2)2)把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构(be(be过去分词过去分词) ) ( (根据被动语态句子里的根据被动

6、语态句子里的主语的人称和数主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态动词的时态来决来决定定bebe的形式的形式) )。 ( (3)3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词byby之后作之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。宾语，将主格改为宾格。6；.变化：变化：示例示例The boy broke the glass.The glass was broken by the boy.从主动语态变为被动语态从主动语态变为被动语态1.1.主语主语 介词介词by by 宾语宾语2.2.谓语谓语 加加be,be,并变为过去分词并变为过去分词3.3.宾语宾语 主语主语7；.

7、主动句变被动句主动句变被动句 主动句：主动句： 主语主语 + + 谓语谓语 + + 宾语宾语。 （执行者）（执行者） （承受者）（承受者） 被动句：被动句： 主语主语 + + 谓语谓语 + + byby + +宾语宾语。 （承受者）（承受者）（be+donebe+done） （执行者）（执行者） All All the peoplethe people laughed at laughed at him.him. HeHe was laughed at was laughed at by by all the all the peoplepeople. . 8；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句

8、（1 1） WeWe must finish must finish this work this work soonsoon. . This This work work must be must be finished finished soonsoon. . （2 2） TomTom has locked has locked the doorthe door. . The door The door has been locked by has been locked by Tom.Tom. （3 3）TheyThey clean the classroom every day. cl

9、ean the classroom every day. The classroom The classroom is cleaned every day. is cleaned every day. 9；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句需需要注意的问题要注意的问题 （1 1）时态保持一致）时态保持一致。 I I have repairedhave repaired my my puter. My My computer computer has been repairedhas been repaired. . （2 2）有些相当于及物动词有些相当于及物动词的的短短语动词语动词，如如“动动词介

10、词词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，也可以用于等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例例 All the peopleAll the people laughed at laughed at him.him. HeHe was laughed at was laughed at by all the peopleby all the people. . 10；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句需需要注意的问题要注意的问题 （3 3）带带双宾语的句子有两种改法双宾语的句子有两种改

11、法: : 一般情况下一般情况下把指人把指人的间接宾的间接宾语作为被动句的主语语作为被动句的主语. .当当把指物把指物的直的直接宾接宾语作语作为主语时，要加介词为主语时，要加介词to,forto,for Vivian Vivian gave me a book.gave me a book. ( (双宾语，人间物双宾语，人间物直，直， me me为间接宾语，为间接宾语，a book a book 为直接宾语为直接宾语) ) - I was given a book by Vivian.- I was given a book by Vivian. -A book was given -A boo

12、k was given toto me by Vivian. me by Vivian.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）11；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句需需要注意的问题要注意的问题 （3 3）带带双宾语的句子有两种改法双宾语的句子有两种改法: : 一般情况下一般情况下把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语. .当把直接宾语当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词物作为主语时，要加介词to,forto,for 主动语态：主语主动语态：主语 + +谓语谓语+ +间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+ +直接宾语（物）直接宾语（物） 被动语态被动语

13、态：（：（1 1）主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ + 直直接宾语（物）接宾语（物）+ by + + by + 宾语。宾语。 （原间接宾语人）（原间接宾语人）（be done be done ） （2 2）主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ to/for+ to/for+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+ by + + by + 宾语。宾语。 （原直接宾语物）（原直接宾语物）（be done be done ）12；.pass, show, send 此类动词有：此类动词有：buy如如：givebe given to 此类动词还有：此类动词还有：Sb give sb1 sth. Sb 1 be given sth

14、by sb.Sth be given to sb1 by sb. My father gave me a new book . Sb buy sb1 sth. Sb 1 be bought sth by sb.Sth be bought for sb1 by sb. My father bought me a new book . 13；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句需需要注意的问题要注意的问题 （4 4）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为）主动语态若有复合宾语，（即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补），将主动句的宾语变主及物动词宾宾补），将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾为被动句的主语，宾补补形式

15、形式不变不变，但在被动句中，但在被动句中称为主语补足语称为主语补足语。 They call him They call him LouisLouis. . He He is called is called LouisLouis. . Our teacher often asks us Our teacher often asks us to be carefulto be careful. . We are often asked We are often asked to be careful to be careful by by our teacher. our teacher. 14

16、；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句需需要注意的问题要注意的问题 (5)(5)如果主动句是含复合宾语的句子，如果主动句是含复合宾语的句子，即句子结即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补构为主及物动词宾宾补，主主动语态句中动动语态句中动词词make, make, letlet( (使使sbsb做做sthsth), ), notice, notice, see. watch, see. watch, look at, look at, hear, listen to, feelhear, listen to, feel等等，后面接，后面接的是省略的是省略toto的不定式在做宾语补足语，则的不定式在做宾语补足语，

17、则变变成被成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to. to. Mr. Lee made him Mr. Lee made him washwash the dishes. the dishes. -He was made -He was made to wash to wash the dishes.the dishes.15；.主动句变被动句主动句变被动句需需要注意的问题要注意的问题 We often see him go for a walk by the river. He is often seen to go for a walk by the river

18、. Make sb do sth be made to do sth See sb do sth be seen to do sth. Hear sb do sth be heard to do sth Watch sb do sth be watched to do sth16；.see / hear sb. do sthbe seen / heard to do sthsee / hear sb. doing sth.be seen / heard doing sth.make sb.do sth.be made to do sth.主动主动: :被动被动: :主动主动: :被动被动: :

19、主动主动: :被动被动: :17；.主动句变被动句需要注意的问题主动句变被动句需要注意的问题(6)(6) It is said that+ It is said that+从句及其他类似句型从句及其他类似句型一些表示一些表示“据说据说”或或“相信相信”的动词如的动词如believe, consider, expect, believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, thinkreport, say, suppose, think等可以用于句等可以用于句型型 “ “ItItbebe过去分词过去分词thatthat从句从句” 或或“主语主语beb

20、e过去分词过去分词to do to do sthsth.”.”。有：。有：It is said that It is said that 据说据说, , It It is reported thatis reported that据报道据报道， It It is believed thatis believed that大家相信大家相信， It It is hoped thatis hoped that大家希望大家希望， It It is well known thatis well known that众所周知众所周知， It It is thought thatis thought tha

21、t大家认为大家认为， It It is suggested thatis suggested that据建议。据建议。例例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy The boy is is said to have passed the national exam. said to have passed the national exam. ）18；.常见的被动结构：常见的被动结构： （1 1）.be

22、 covered with .be covered with 被被覆盖覆盖 （2 2）.be made of .be made of 由由制作（发生物理变化）制作（发生物理变化） be made from be made from 由由制作（发生化学变化）制作（发生化学变化） be made in be made in 在在（某地）制造（某地）制造 be made by be made by 被被（某人）制造（某人）制造 3 3）be used be used forfor被被用来用来 be used as be used as 被当被当作作( (作为作为)来使用来使用 be used to

23、do sth be used to do sth被被用来做某事用来做某事 （4 4）.It is said that .It is said that 据据说说 It It is reported / believed that is reported / believed that 据据报道报道/ /据认为据认为 It It is hoped that is hoped that 人们人们希希望望 It It is well known that is well known that 众众所周知所周知19；.1. The man _ clean the toilet because he _

24、 rubbish when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw练 习20；.9. Children should _. A. take good care of B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词介词或副词练 习21；.二、常见语态转换二、常见语态转换（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态

25、。（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。练练习习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? _ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books

26、_ _ Lu Xun?5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.小结：小结：1、被动语态的转换，在、被动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定过去分词中，确定_ 是关键，是关键，_永不永不变。变。2、Be的时态由的时态由_确定；确定；be的单的单/复数由复数由_确定。确定。3、问句提前、问句提前_; 否定否定_后加后加not.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by arent grownwasnt cleanedbe 形形过去分词过去分词主动时态主动时态 被动主语被动主语be动词动词be22；.(二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。二）一般现在时带情态动