基础液压知识培训

1、S ISO Symbols 标准图例S Hydraulic Theory 液压原理12Working Circuits工作油路Continuous, solid line - Working (Main) Line, Return Line (line conducting fluid from working devices to the reservoir) and Feed Line (main line conductor)连续实线-工作(主)油路，回油管路（控制从工作部件到液压油箱）和送油管路（主油路）。3Working Circuits工作油路Dashed Line - Pilot

2、 line 短划线-控制油路(line which controls fluid控制液体流动的油路)4Drain Circuits 回油管路Dotted Line - Drain Line (drain or bleed line - line conducting fluid from a component housing to the reservoir)点线-回油管路(从部件回到油箱)5Components组件组件Long Chain Line - Enclosure outline for several components assembled in one unit点划线-围住一

3、个部装的几个组件。6Connected Junction of Oil Lines油路交叉接点油路交叉接点Flow Line Connection油路连接油路连接lines are connected as indicted by dot表示两条管路被连接在一起. . .7Oil Lines Crossing油路交叉Lines NOT Connected油路没有连接油路没有连接lines cross but are not connected油路交叉但没有连接8Coupler联结器联结器Quick-Acting Coupling (uncoupled, closed by non-return

4、 valve)快速接头（单向阀附近）910QRC快速接头Hydraulic Pump液压泵Converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy将机械能转化为液压能。11Hydraulic Pump液压泵Fixed Capacity Displacement Pump (with one direction of flow)固定流量往复式活塞泵（单向流动）Outlet出口出口Inlet入口入口12Hydraulic Pump液压泵Variable Capacity Displacement Bidirectional Pump (with two di

5、rections of flow)可变流量双向往复式柱塞泵（可双向流动）13Hydraulic Pump液压泵Variable Capacity Displacement Directional Pump (with single direction of flow)可变流量单向往复式柱塞泵（单向流动）。.1415Bucket Pump 铲斗泵Alternator Pump发电机泵Brake/Steer Pump刹车/转向泵Hydraulic Motor 液压马达液压马达Used to convert hydraulic energy into rotary mechanical energy

6、将液压能转化为旋转动能。16Hydraulic Motor液压马达Fixed Capacity Displacement Bi-directional固定流量双向转动1718Alternator 发电机Alternator motor 发电机马达Valve providing for the opening (fully or restricted) of oil flow. 阀用于控制油路通或断。The closing of one or more flow paths (represented by several squares)各个过程用几个方块表示。Directional Contr

7、ol Valve方向控制阀19Directional Control Valve方向控制阀Open Center中间通中间通 Pilot Activated (three position) 液压调节（液压调节（3个位置）个位置）Controlled by pressure (with return spring)压力控制（有复位弹簧）压力控制（有复位弹簧）20Directional Control Valve方向控制阀Closed Center中间断开中间断开Pilot Activated (three position)液压调节（液压调节（3个位置）个位置）Controlled by pr

8、essure (with return spring)压力控制（有复位弹簧）压力控制（有复位弹簧）21Solenoid Activated (two position)电磁线圈调节（电磁线圈调节（2个位置）个位置）Controlled by an Electrical Solenoid (with return spring)电磁线圈控制（有复位弹簧）电磁线圈控制（有复位弹簧）Directional Control Valve方向控制阀22Pilot Activated (two position)液压调节（液压调节（2个位置）个位置）Controlled by pressure (with

9、return spring)压力控制（有复位弹簧）压力控制（有复位弹簧）Directional Control Valve方向控制阀23 Directional control valves may be operated in a number of ways. We will give you a few examples of what uses to engage these valves. 方向控制阀有很多用途，下面将举例说明如何使用这些阀。Directional Control Valve方向控制阀24Control Valve控制阀Activated By a Pull Butt

10、on (manual)按钮调节（手动）按钮调节（手动）25Control Valve控制阀Activated By a Push-Pull Button (manual)推拉钮调节（手动）推拉钮调节（手动）26Control Valve控制阀Activated By a Lever (manual)操纵杆调节（手动）操纵杆调节（手动）27Control Valve控制阀Activated By a Pedal (manual)踏板调节（手动）踏板调节（手动）28Control Valve控制阀Activated By an Electric Solenoid (electrical)电磁线圈调

11、节（电动）电磁线圈调节（电动）29Control Valve控制阀Activated By an Electric PWM Solenoid (electrical)可调电磁线圈调节（电动）可调电磁线圈调节（电动）30Control Valve控制阀Activated by Pilot Pressure 液压调节液压调节31Control Valve控制阀With Spring Return (mechanical)弹簧复位（机械）弹簧复位（机械）32Control Valve控制阀(Holds Valve in position) - Device for maintaining a giv

12、en position (mechanical)保持阀的位置保持阀的位置-由装置设定位置（机械）由装置设定位置（机械）With Detent定位凹槽定位凹槽3334Hydraulic Cylinders液压油缸 Equipment to convert hydraulic energy into linear energy and in which the fluid pressure operates alternately in both directions (forward and backward) 油缸将液压能转化为线性能量，提供一条线上交替的两个方向的工作压力（向前和向后）。35

13、Hydraulic Cylinder液压油缸Double Acting; Unequal Displacement (with single piston rod)双动；不平衡位移（单个活塞杆）。3637Bucket Ejector Cylinder铲斗油缸有杆腔一侧无杆腔一侧Hydraulic Cylinder液压油缸Double Ended, Equal Displacement each end (with single piston rod)双头，两端位移平衡（单个活塞杆）。38Filter过滤器Strainer or Screen - For fluid conditioning滤网

14、或筛子-用于液体过滤39Filter 过滤器Strainer or Screen - For fluid conditioning with bypass滤网或筛子-用于带旁通的液体过滤4041Medium Pressure Filter with BypassVented and Filtered Reservoir通风口和过滤油箱通风口和过滤油箱Reservoir open to atmosphere油箱处于常压下4243Breather Filter 呼吸过滤器Dust Indicator污染指示器Pressurized, Vented and Filtered Reservoir受到压

15、力的通风口和过滤油箱Pressurized Reservoir充压油箱44Oil Cooler油冷器油冷器Heat Exchanger - The arrows in the diamond indicate the extraction of heat (heat dissipation)热交换器-菱形中的箭头表示散热4546Heat Excharger热交换器Hot Oil In 热油进Cool Oil Out冷油出Cool Water In 冷水进Hot Water Out热水出Relief Valve溢流阀溢流阀When the Inlet pressure overcomes the

16、 opposing force of the spring, the valve opens permitting flow to the return port当进口压力超过弹簧的反作用力时，阀将打开，当进口压力超过弹簧的反作用力时，阀将打开，允许回流。允许回流。Pressure Oil带压油带压油 Return Oil回油回油4748Pressure Reducing Valve减压阀When the Outlet pressure overcomes the opposing force of the spring, the valve closes stopping flow to t

17、he return port当出口压力超过弹簧的反作用力时，阀将关闭，当出口压力超过弹簧的反作用力时，阀将关闭，停止回流。停止回流。Pressure Oil带压油带压油 Reduced Pressure Oil减压后的油减压后的油49Check Valve单向阀(Check Valve) - Used as Replenishing Valve, Load Check Valve or Anti-cavitation Valve - Opens if the Inlet pressure is higher than the Outlet pressure. Often contains in

18、ternal spring which has no significant pressure value单向阀-当进口压力大于出口压力时，阀打开。一般内含压力不大的弹簧。5051Check Valve单向阀Check Valve单向阀(Pilot Operated Check Valve) Pilot operated check opens return path for oil when pressure is applied to the other line. 液压控制单向阀-当另一油路施加压力时，单向阀旁路回油。52Restriction节流口Line with Fixed res

19、triction - Affected by Viscosity (property of resistance to flowing fluid)油路有固定节流口-受液体粘性（流体的阻力性能）影响。53节流孔 用于流量调节以达到执行元件的速度控制Variable Adjustment Restriction可调节的节流口Regulated or Variable Restriction可调节流口Variable as indicated by the diagonal arrow 斜箭头表示可变54One Way Restrictor Valve单向节流阀单向节流阀(Non-Return V

20、alve with Restriction) - Unit allowing free flow in one direction but restricted flow in the other direction带节流的单向阀-允许沿一个方向的自由流动，反方向则受到节流。5556One Way Restrictor Valve 单向节流阀Shuttle Valve梭阀The Inlet port connected to the higher pressure is automatically connected to the Outlet port while the other Inl

21、et port is closed 当某一进口压力高于另一进口时，自动连接该高压力进口到出口，同时关闭另一进口。Out出口出口In进口进口In进口进口5758123Shuttle valve梭阀“3”to“2” or “1”to“2”Differential Pressure Switch压差开关Switch activates when pressure difference reaches specified level 当压力差到达指定值时，开关启动59Muffler消声器Silencer - Reduces noise消声器-降低噪音6061LH203消音器62Relationship

22、 of F, P, A F, P, A的关系F (Force) = PoundsP (Pressure) = PSIA (Area) = Square InchesAFPAPFPFA F（力）=磅P（压强）=PSIA（面积）=平方英寸63Definitions概念概念 the amount of force a fluid (liquid or gas) exerts against a specific area. Measured in PSI or kPa.压强压强-单位面积上受到的流体（液体或者气体）的压力。单位是磅单位面积上受到的流体（液体或者气体）的压力。单位是磅/平方英寸平方英寸(PSI)或者千帕或者千帕(KPa)。 is an action that is created when a push or pull is initiated.压力压力-当推或拉时产生的作用。当推或拉时产生的作用。movement of a fluid. Flow Rate is measured in GPM or L/min.流动流动-液体的运动。流动速率的单位是加仑液体的运动。流动速率的单位是加仑/分钟分钟(GPM)或升或升/分钟分钟(L/min)。64Force= 100 lbs.Area=