高中英语动词不定式课件

1、To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补一、用法一、用法1. 作主语作主语2)2)用用it it作形式主语用不定式作

2、形式主语用不定式 (It + be + adj. / n. + to do sth)3)3)例外：例外： It is no good /no use /no help + doing sth. It is no use arguing about it. 1) 1)常用动名词常用动名词Learning English is very important.Learning English is very important.It is important to learn English.2. 作宾语作宾语1) v+只跟只跟to dolearn /agree/ask/offer/happen/p

3、retend/promise/plan/intend/hope/wish/ decide/ refuse/ fail/ manage She hopes to find a better job.I wish to go with you.2)v+只跟doingfinish/complete / enjoy/ mind/ practise/ consider/ suggest/advise/ miss/ avoid/ admit/ deny/ permit/ allow/forbid/imagine/understand/include/risk/delaykeep(on)/ give up/

4、 insist on /succeed in/feel like / put off/ be worth/ be used to /look forward to I enjoy playing basketball.She practises playing the piano for an hour every day.但是advise/ consider/allow/ permit/forbid/ admit sb to do sthHe advised going on a trip to Guangzhou.He advised us to go on a trip to Guang

5、zhou.3)V+to do/doing 区别不大。 begin /start /like/love/hate/dislike4)v+to do/doing 区别很大区别很大 forget /remember/stop /go on regret/ try/mean/cant help need/want/requiretry to do 努力做某事努力做某事try doing 试着做某事试着做某事regret to do 对要做的某事表示遗憾对要做的某事表示遗憾regret doing 对已做的某事表示后对已做的某事表示后悔悔mean to do 打算做打算做mean doing 意味着意味

6、着cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做不能帮忙做某事某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某情不自禁做某事事need/want/requiresth need/ want/ require doing= sth need/ want/ require to be done某事需要被做某事需要被做3. 宾语补足语：宾语补足语：1）ask 类（类（v+sb to do sth）want / wish / order/ like /would like / help force /allow / permit /forbid / advise/ considerShe asked

7、me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time. 2）感官动词类（）感官动词类（V + sb. + do sth.）表整个过程）表整个过程see/ hear/ notice/ find/ watch/ look at/ hear/listen to/ feel/ smellI often hear them sing the song in the next room .We watched them play football .The teacher made me answer the question.但这些动词用于被动结构时，省

8、去的但这些动词用于被动结构时，省去的to要加上。要加上。They were let to sing a pop song.He was made to answer the question.3）使役动词类）使役动词类（V + sb. + do sth.）make/ let / have1.He was made _. A. go B. gone C. going D. to go 2.Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. c

9、rying；crying B. cry；cry D. to cry；cry 注意注意 B. 动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.注意注意C. 带疑问词的动词不定式在带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词前加疑问词。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意注意D. 作简短

10、回答或避免不必要的重复时，作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to 后面后面的动词，的动词，只只保留保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。4. 作表语作表语doing 表习惯性动作；表习惯性动作；to do表将来一次性动作表将来一次性动

11、作My wish is to become a scientist.My job is teaching you English.5. 作状语作状语不定式：作目的、结果（不定式：作目的、结果（only之后）和原因之后）和原因（v./adj.之后）之后）分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首）分词：作时间、条件、伴随、结果和原因（句首）不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语：不定式用作目的状语时，其句：不定式用作目的状语时，其句意特点很明显，通常在译成中文时可用意特点很明显，通常在译成中文时可用“为了为了”来来表示。表示。 To save class time, our teacher has u

12、s students do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. Doctors worked through the night to save the life of the injured man. 不定式作结果状语only to结果却，不料竟会, enough to足以，足够 ,too to, never to永不会That tool is too heavy to lift directly The temperature is high enough to chang

13、e water into steam He went home, only to find the door open and everything was gone.He left, never to come back. Can the project be finished as planned? Sure,_ it completed in time ,well work two more hours a day. A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get He hurried to the station only _ that the tr

14、ain had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together,_ fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having 6. 作定语作定语to do将来的主动动作，将来的主动动作，to be done表将来的被动动表将来的被动动作（作（句中有逻辑主语时用句中有逻辑主语时用to do，若是不及物动词，若是不及物动词，要加介词要加介词）I have two books to rea

15、d.Have you got anything to say?Hes looking for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.I have clothes to wash, and do you have clothes to be washed?The question to be discussed is very important.不定式与它修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式与它修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语是不定式中的动词所表示动作的逻且主语是不定式中的动词所表示动作的逻辑主语或在句中能找到其逻辑主语辑主语或

16、在句中能找到其逻辑主语。 He has a lot of work to do today Do you have anything more to say 区别：Are you going to the ball to be held on New Years Eve？ 1.Frank is the kind of person whom people like to _. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with2.The assistant works very hard. She i

17、s always the first _ and the last _. A. come, leave B. coming, leaving C. to come, to leave D. to come, leaving 解析：由解析：由only, last, next, 序数词或形容词最序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语。再如：高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语。再如：She is always the first student to arrive at school. 二、动词不定式的形式二、动词不定式的形式 一般式：一般式： to do （表将来）（表将来）一般被动式：一般被

18、动式：to be done进行式：进行式： to be doing（表正在进行）（表正在进行）完成式：完成式： to have done（表已经完成）（表已经完成）完成被动式：完成被动式： to have been done否定式否定式: not (to +)动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1. I opened the door to enter the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态

19、）同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。.进行式进行式( to be doing)1. I am very glad to be working with you.2. He is said to be coming.如果谓语表示的动作如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正定式所表示的动作正在进行。在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seem

20、ed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.如果谓语表示如果谓语表示的动作发生在的动作发生在不定式之前。不定式之前。1. I opened the door _(enter)the room. 2. Mr. Smith is going to attend the meeting _ _(hold) tomorrow.3. Robert is said_(study)abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.4. I am sorry_(keep) you waiting so lo

21、ng.5. He didnt like _ (laugh).6. He claimed _(badly treat )in the supper market when he was doing shopping yesterday.7. The teacher told us _(be ) late again.to enterto be heldto have studiedto have keptto be laughed atto have been badly treatednot to be三、疑问词三、疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式用作主语、宾语等。用作主语、宾语等。When to

22、 start has not been decided.I dont know what to do.He can tell you where to get the book.I dont know how to do it.四、动词不定式的复合结构：四、动词不定式的复合结构：1)for sb. to do sth2) (It is +性格性格adj+)of sb. to do sth性格性格adj：nice, kind, cruel, thoughtful, careful, carelessIt is very important for us to learn English.It i

23、s difficult for him to finish the task in such a short time.It is very nice of you to help me.It was careless of him to make such a mistake.达标练习达标练习1.Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the verbs given.1. Im afraid itll be very hard for you _ (adapt) this story for children.2. After _ (think

24、) everything over, she decided _ (not resign) her post.3. Youd better not get _ (annoy) at his ignorance.4. All of us are satisfied, since everything seems _(go) on smoothly.to adaptthinkingnot to resignannoyedto be going5. It might be better _ (try) _ (discuss) in his own language as he isnt used t

25、o _(speak) in English yet.6. _(see) from the hilltop, the lake is extremely beautiful.7. If you couldnt get anything _ (open) the beer bottle with, why not _ (try) _(open) it with your teeth.8. When I open the door I noticed someone _(sit) by her side _(talk) with her.to try discussingspeakingSeento opentryopeningsit