八年级下册英语语法总结

1、八年级下册英语语法总结Unit6 Fun CyclingTopic1We' re going on a spring field trip一 . 重点词汇（一）词形转换：1.discuss（名词）discussiOn 2.queen（对应词）king fortable（名词） comfort 4.safely （形容词） safe （名词） safety（ 二 ） 词的辨析1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise5. each /every 6.exc

2、iting / excited（三）重点词组 ：1.go on a ViSit to 去旅行2. make the decision 做决定3.bring back 带回4. go on a field trip 去野外旅行5.decide on （upon） sth 对某事做出决定6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出（主意）9. look forward to （doing）sth 期望10. pay for 支付；赔偿11. raise money 筹钱12. book a ticket 订票13

3、. make a room for Sb 为订房间14. have a wonderful time玩得愉快15. in the daytime 在白天16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行17.find out 查出 18. someplaces ofinterest 名胜19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间20 a hard （soft） sleeper 硬（软）卧21.my pleasure 不客气 二重点句型及重点语言点1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。 to te

4、ll you 是动词不定式短语， 作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或 代词之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year. 类似有： go on a trip / go on a pi

5、cnica two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的假期an eighteen-year-old boy 一个 18 岁的男孩4It ' shard to say. 这很难说。 To say 是动词不定式作主语， It 是形式主语。 如： It 's nice to meet you.5. I ' llask the airline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：I ' llphone and ask the airline.6. Bring back your informat

6、ion to class tomorrow and we'll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来 决定最好的郊游方式。bring back 带回。 Please bring back your library books tomorrow.decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 We' re trying to decide on a school.7.It 'toso far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是： It 'to

7、o far to cycle there.8.How Iong does it take to reach MOunt Tai by ？乘 去泰山要花多长时 间？9How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少钱？How much does a standard room cost ? 一个标准间的价格是多少？10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.我们的票价是硬卧 120 元，软卧是 180 元。at意为“以”，一般用于表示

8、价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for意为“供，适合于”。I ' Ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The SOund Of Music.11.I ' dlike to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订 20 张硬卧票。20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper ticketsbook tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为 预订房间e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我

9、们想预订一些 14 号的房间。 12Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在下午 5：30 之前付款。Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America. 她的父母支付她去美国的费用 .13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。make a reservation 预订14. We have rooms with a bathtub 我们有带浴缸的房间。with 有或带着

10、 a house with a swimming poola standard room with two single beds15.It'vsery common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。 raise money 筹钱 We can raise the mon ey ourselves.16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw. 每一个学生 花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。（1）each

11、 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket. （2 ）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。 Each student has their own e-mail address.（3） 用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。 They each have their own e-ma il address.17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forwa

12、rd to solving the proble m.三.重点语法 动词不定式（ 1） 动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后， want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin 等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始）（ 2） 不定式的否定形式是在 to 的前面直接加 not. My mother decided not to bu y a computer for me.（ 3） 不定式可以和疑问词 who , which ,when, where ,how,

13、 what 等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don 't know how to get to the station.（ 4） 本 topic 出现的句子有：I have some exciting news to tell you.I want to make a hotel reservation.It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.The best way to raise money is to sell ne

14、wspapers.I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1. explore（ 名词） explore 2. east （形容词 ） eastern 3.north（ 形容词） northern4. push （反义词 ） pull 5.sadly（ 形容词 ） sad （名词） sadness 6.

15、crowd （形容词 ） cro wded二）重点词组 :1.make a plan拟定计划2. makesure 确信，确保3. cOme alOng With 和一起来4. at the footOf在的脚下5. be surprisedat对感到惊奇6. be satisfiedWith 对感到满意7. Out Ofsight看不见8. step on one 's toes 踩着某人的脚9. can 't help doing sth 忍不住做某事10. spread over 分布于 11.rush out 冲出去 12.raise one ' s hea d

16、 抬头13.ask sb for help 向某人求助 14.thank goodness 谢天谢地 二 重点句型及重点语言点1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams. 当你在旅行时， 我正忙于准备考试。（1）be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事I ' m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.（2）WhiIe当时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。

17、 While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.2. WouId you heIp me pIan a trip ? 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗？ WouId you 比 WiII you 语气更加客气，委婉 , 类似还有 couId you CouId you come aIong With us ?3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且 在背后

18、有群山环绕。make sure 确信，确保 Make sure aII the WindoWs are cIosed before you Ieav e.4.It 'asbout tWo and a haIf hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要 2 个半小时。TWo and a haIf hours = tWo hours and a haIf5.It 'tos the east of YongIing. 它在永陵的东面。to the + 方位词 +of （表示互不接壤）JaPan is to the east Of China.on the + 方位词 +of （表

19、示相互接壤 ）Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .in the + 方位词 +of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.6. They WaIked into DingIing and Were surPrised at the Wonders. 他们走进定 陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。be SUrPriSed at 对 感至U很惊奇 He is SUrPriSed at dragons.be surPrised to do sth 惊奇地做某事 She Was surPrised to find she

20、Was Iost.7. sdhey had to look for SPaCe to Park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车 的地方sPace 空间 Can yoU make sPace for this old man ?8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepp ed on his toes.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。in one ' s direction 朝着某人的方向 step on one ' s toes 踩了某人的脚 step

21、on sth 踩某物 Don' t step on the flowers and grass.9. When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were bot h out of sight.当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth 注意某人正在做某事10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.三个男孩

22、一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。as SOOn as引导时间状语从句 意为“一就He left as soon as he heard the news.I ' lltell him as sOOn as I see him.11.He didn ' traiSe hiSheaduntilSOmeOnecalledhiSname.直至有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。 nOtUn til直至才12.They Were SO lOvelythatWe cOuldn 'thelp playingWiththem.它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。can ' t help d

23、Oing Sth忍不住做某事Whe nI heardthefunnyneWS, I cOuldnt help laughing.13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。 be SatiSfied With 对感至U满意 He is SatiSfied With my work.14. We even asked the guard fOr help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.三.重点语法时间状语从句

24、1。引导词：(1) When, while , as当 时候.When后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；While 后跟延续性动词； as 多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。The students Were talking in the classroom When the teacher came in.= While the students Were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。Mother alWays sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边

25、给我们做饭边唱 歌。(2) notuntil直到才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。I Won' t leave here until the rain stops.He didn ' tsleep until his mother came back home.(3) after 在之后，before 在之前，as SOOn as 一就I Went to sleep after I finished my homeWork.=I finished my homeWork before I Went to sleep.As soon as the bell rings , the

26、students Will go into the classroom.2. 时态(1)当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。While I Was doing my homeWork , the telephone rang.(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时， 从句用一般现在时。I Will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.本 topic 出现的句子有：1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.2. He didn ' traise h

27、is head until someone called his name.3. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone steppe d on his toes.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.5. After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the

28、 Ming Tombs.6. As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1. death （动词） die （形容词 ）dead 2 slow （副词 ） slowly3. crossing （动词） cross 介词） across 4. success （动词） succeed （ 形容词 succe ssful5 Pain （形容词 ） painful 6. lead （名词） leader

29、7. final （副词） finally 8impossible （反义词 ） possible 9 courage （动词） encour age（二）重点词组 :1 Slow down 减速 2. run into 撞到 3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某 事4. warn sb to do sth 警告/ 提醒某人做某事5. ride into 进入 跻身于6 get used to （doing） 习惯于做某事7. a sharp turn 急转弯8. be popular With 受的欢迎9. get a fine 处以罚金10. go on doing sth

30、 继续做某事11. the way to success 成功之路12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则13.break the traffic rules 违反交通规则14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事15.be famous for 因闻名16. be in danger 处于危险中17.after a while 一会儿二 重点句型及重点语言点1 I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。traffic 是不可数名词2. If people obey the traffic

31、rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都 遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine. 如 果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。这是 if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。3I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。more confident 是比较级4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免 空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事You should avoid making the mistake like that.He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.5. Bicycles are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。Be popular With 受欢迎6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (no