新概念2 语言点(2)

1、Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 【New words and expressions】 pigeon n. 鸽子e.g. It's not my pigeon. None of my business. 不关我的事。message n. （口头或书面的）信息e.g. Here is a message for you from your sister.an oral/written message 口信/便条leave sb. a message 给留口信/便条cf. take a message for sb. 替某人捎口信Can I take a message

2、 for you? 我能替你捎个口信吗?Can you take a message for me? 你能替我捎个口信吗?take a message to sb. 给某人口信打电话 : Hello!-àMay I have a word with Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?-àCan you take a message for me?information n. 信息（不可数） a piece of information 一则消息messenger n. 送信人，信使 cf. massage cover v. 越过；覆盖 vt. 盖，

3、覆盖e.g. Snow covered the whole village.She covered the child with a coat. 她给孩子盖了件外衣。 vt. 行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态）cover+距离 越过You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes. n. 覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子Put a cover on the box! Dont judge a book by its cover. cover girldistance n. 距离 keep distance 保持距离distant a

4、dj.远距离的 in the distant future 在遥远的将来learn more: importance n. 重要 important adj. 重要的difference n. 不同 different adj. 不同的request n. 要求, 请求 n. request for 对有请求, 有需求I have a request for the cake.He granted my request for more time. 他同意了我延长时间的请求。She sent a request for help to Gary. 她向加里请求帮助。 v. 要求, 请求requ

5、est sb.to do sth. ask sb.to do sth. 要求某人做You are required/asked to do sth. （对人要求习惯用被动语态）spare adj. 备用的 vt. 抽出（时间等），让给Have you got five minutes to spare?I cannot spare the time. I have no time to spare. vt. 饶恕，赦免The robbers spared his life. Spare me!begged the prisoner. adj. 多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的e.g. You c

6、an sleep in the spare bedroom. spare tyre 备用胎Where can I get spare parts for this machine?I have no spare time now.Have you any old clothes that you do not want? he asked.=Have you any old clothes to spare?he asked.service n. 业务, 服务service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务；作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的

7、行动或所做的工作。 e.g. The service in that hotel is quite good. You have done me a great service.service既可以指公用事业的业务，如：the mail service（邮政业务）、the telephone service（电话业务）；也可指办这些业务的机构，如：a travel service（旅行社）、a news service（通讯社）。At your service. = Glad to be at your service. = I am glad to be at your service. 我

8、很乐意为您效劳.serve v. 服务, 接待 servant n. 仆人Thank you.You are welcome.(下次又需要再来找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用谢)/That's (all)right./That's ok.(绝对正确, 绝对过时)/(It's) My pleasure.(我很高兴这么做, 把自己放得很低, 把对方抬得很高)Thank you for your listening.在讲课, 演讲结束时说, 即感谢大家的合作的概念（应以鼓掌回应）情急之下, 可用No thanks.回答 Sorry. No sorry.【课文讲解】

9、1、Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.another(+单数名词) 其它的很多个中的一个， e.g. Can you show me another?other(+名词) adj.其它的(可加单/复数名词)the other 两个之中的另外一个 one,the other 一个,另一个e.g. One is watering the flowers, and the other is reading.others(不用再加名词)= other

10、+ 名词复数Some boys are playing football, and others are rowing/(going boating).2、Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons.介词from在这里表示距离上相隔，作“距”、“离”讲，常与away连用It is far (away) from here.Bus stop is only one mil

11、e from school/here.Bus stop is only one mile (away). She has been away from home for 5 days now.How far.? 多远（对距离提问）How far(away) is the bus stop? How far is your home(from here)?My home is ten miles away from here.get a telephone 得到电话, 安装电话3、Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurs

12、t to Silbury.carry v. 带着, 携带（其强调所携带的东西不会着地）I carried my son. （背或抱着）I carry the bag.take v. 带着I take my sister to the cinema.fromto表示从一个地方到另一个地方He looked at the girl from head to foot.The news spread from house to house. 家家户户都得知了这条消息。4、The bird covered the distance in three minutes.cover the distance

13、 飞过那段距离5、Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other.up to now =up till now 到目前为止，到现在为止(作时间状语，时态多用现在完成时，相当于until/till now) Up to now, he has not been very hard-working.request for 对的需求a great many(+可数名词复数) 许多a great many可以

14、做形容词短语： A great many trees were destroyed in the storm.也可作代词短语： He has read a great many of the books in this room.a great number of(+可数名词复数) 许多urgent adj. 紧急的 something urgent 紧急的事情【Key structures】一般过去时与现在完成时在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时，则要用现在完成时，时间状语可以是不特指的now，just或者for引导的一

15、段时间，或者不加任何时间状语。一般过去时与现在完成时的共同点：动作在过去都做过了；区别：过去式只能强调过去的事, 和现在没有任何关系. I ate a piece of bread.现在完成时, 强调过去的事情对现在产生的影响. I have eaten a piece of bread this morning. I'm not hungry.The clock stopped. 陈述事实The clock has stopped. 过去的事实对现在造成影响It snowed yesterday.It has snowed yesterday. 强调对现在造成影响【Special D

16、ifficulties】 带way的短语in the way 按照，以方式Do your work in the way I have shown you. 按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。I do the work in the way you showed me. I fly the kite in the way you showed me.in the/ones way 挡路；妨碍（某人）Sorry, you are in the way.(在口语中很少用, 一般直接用Excuse me.就可以了) Dont stand in the way. I cant see the black

17、board.in this way 这样,以这种方式 He saves old envelopes. In this way, he has collected a great many stamps.in a way 从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上In a way, you are kind.in a friendly way 用友好的方式in the family way 怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)The woman is in the family way.by the way 随便说一声, 随便问一下(插入语，改变话题时用) By the way, have you

18、 seen Harry recently?on the/ones way(to) 在去的途中(陈述句) : on the way to school/the office；on the way homeout of the way 让路 Get out of the way! 你给我滚出去!get one's own way 随心所欲 (at ones pleasure)  Children get their own way during the holidays.关于系动词 : 一般来说, 如be become 一定不单独使用, 往往要在后面加上表语, 我们称它为系动词.

19、 但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不及物的实义动词, 常见的有 : seem, look, appear, sound, taste, feel, smell, stay, remain, keep, grow, turn, go, run, get, prove, stand等, 这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词. 【Multiple choice questions】4  Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his garage. _b_ he has just bought twelve pigeons.a. That's so b.

20、That's why c. Because d. Forso表示前面是原因, 后面是结果That's why+从句 那就是原因, 前者是原因, 后者why后面是结果was caught in the traffic jam. That's why I was late.That's后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导, 再加一个句子That's when we can start class. That's where we will have a meeting.That's how I get to school.8  Mr.

21、 Scott has a garage in Silbury. His _b_ garage is in Pinhurst.a. another b. other c. else d. different在语法上, 冠词（an/a）、形容词性物主代词（his/my/your）、名词所有格（my mother's）不能同时并存的, 一般要用只能用其中一个another=an +other 另外一个，强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个, 强调的是有三个以上other 其它的, 加单数就表示一个, his取代the的位置语法的范围正在放宽松, his another 也对, 但不太好else

22、 其他的，放在被修饰词的后面, 会修饰两种词, 疑问词和不定代词修饰疑问代词： who else, What else can I do for you?修饰不定代词：anyone else, anything else Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 【New words and expressions】（4） beggar n. 乞丐beg v.乞求I beg your pardon?beg for 乞求得到ask for 请求得到（ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物）food n. 食物（不可数）a lot of foodpocket n. 衣服口袋inner

23、 pocket 内口袋；jacket pocket 夹克的口袋；coat pocket 大衣口袋pocket book 袖珍书；pocket dictionary 袖珍词典pocket pick 车上的小偷 pocket money (小孩的)零花钱change 零钱get exact change 准备好正确的零花钱 beer money (男人的)零花钱call v. 拜访, 光顾 vt.&vi. 叫，喊I heard someone calling.call out =shout 大声喊 vt. 呼唤，召唤 Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.

24、vi. 访问，拜访；（车、船等）停靠Amy called (at our house) yesterday. The train calls at large stations only. 这列火车只停大站。call on sb.拜访某人 I will call on you. 我要去你家。call at+地点visit someplace拜访某地I will call at your home. 我要去你家。 vt.&vi. 打电话call sb =call up sb. 给某人打电话 call back 回某人电话Can you take a message for me? =Ca

25、n you tell him to call back?call in sb. 招集和邀请某人For the project, the government called in a lot of experts.【课文讲解】1、Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.knock v. 敲门 vi. 敲门I knocked, but no one answered.knock at 敲（门、窗等） knock at the door；knock at the window vt.&vi. 碰撞You always knock things off th

26、e table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西。Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning. 今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。She has knocked a cup over again. 她又碰倒了一个杯子。 vt. 把（某人）打成状态He knocked Tom out yesterday. 他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。 与off连用时有一些特殊含义，一般用于口语vt. （价格上）减去，除去，打折扣They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.The shop assistant knocked

27、10% off the bill.（He reduced the price by 10%.）vi. 下班，停止，中断（工作等）When do you usually knock off? 你一般什么时候下班？He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven. 他十一点半休息吃中午饭。2、He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.ask (sb.) for sth =request for sth. 问某人要什么东西 （for为了这个目的去请求某人, sb.更多的时候不出现, ask for sth.）The

28、boy asked (his parents)for money again/once more.3、In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.in return for this 作为对的回报，作为交换（this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情）I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality. （hospitality adj. 热情）in return 作为回报 e.g. You lent me this interesting book

29、 last month. In return (for it), Ill show you some picture books. In return for your help, I invite you to spend the weekend with my family.He doesn't want anything in return. 他不想得到任何回报stood on his head 倒立stand on one's hands 用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)stand on one's knees 跪着, 膝盖 lie on one&

30、#39;s back 仰面躺着lie on one's side 侧躺 lie on one's stomach 趴着4、Later a neighbour told me about him.介词about可以和一些动词连用，以表示“关于（的）”、“涉及（的）” Please tell me about the accident.tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事（about关于, 通过其他事自己得出的结论）tell you about him tell you about the word 解释这个单词的意思tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某件事(把事

31、情直接告诉)tell you the news tell you the word 直接告诉这个单词5、Everybody knows him.everybody作为主语一定作单数看待, 属于不定代词所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 : somebody，anybody，everything等6、He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.in the street（英国）/on the street（美国）once a month 一个月

32、一次, 单位表达方式once adj. 表示每一次（表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词）, 计量单位 “/” （每）five kilometers an hour He goes back to the South once a year.【Key structures】A, The and Some当表示不确定的某个人或物时，用不定冠词a/an（单数, 可数名词）；当表示不可数的名词时，则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组。在表示一种笼统概念（某某一类/一种东西）的陈述句中可以省略a和someA tiger is a dangerous animal. Tigers are dangerous.S

33、alt is necessary for/to us all.表示某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物，则要用定冠词the（有时相当于this/that/these/those）,可数名词单/复数或不可数名词均可。在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词。a和the的区别：a是泛指, a man；特指, the man在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰, 第二次出现的时候用theA man is walking towards me. The man is carrying a parcel. The parcel is full of meat.I

34、 have just drunk a glass of milk. Milk is very refreshing.I ate an apple. Apples are delicious.She always buys flour, sugar and tea at the grocer's.一般姓名前一般不能加冠词，表示“某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个”，加不定冠词aa Mr. Zhang 张先生这类人【Special Difficulties】 短语动词某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词put v. 放 put on 穿上，戴上ta

35、ke v. 拿走 take off 脱掉，摘掉look v. 看 look at 看；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look out 当心；look out of 向外看call call at；call on；call in；call back；call for 去取某物, 去接某人；需要 The problem calls for immediate action. 这个问题需要立即采取行动knock v. 敲 knock at 敲门 knock off 下班e.g. He knocked off earlier.knock off 打折 Knock 10% off

36、the price.把撞倒，如果有地点，用介词off；无地点，用介词overknock sth. off+地点knock the vase off the table I knocked the boy off the bicycle.knock overA car knocked the boy over.knock out 打晕, 在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语) He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer out.【Multiple choice questions】5  A neig

37、hbour told me about him. He _d_ Percy Buttons was a beggar.a. told b. said me c. told to me d. saidHe says + 句子；He says +that+句子；say to sb.tell sb. +that+句子He said to me/He told me 他告诉我He told me he was a Beggar./He said he was a Beggar.6  Everybody knows him. _a_ know him.a. They all b. Each c

38、. Every d. All theyall of us, we all 我们所有人every adj. 每一个every <adj.> +n. 每一个(书, 本, 人等)every person likeseach adj.&pron. 每一个each <adj.> +n；each <pron.>直接作主语或者宾语each <adj.> person likes./each <pron.> likes.every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个

39、体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数 Each child in the school was questioned. Every child enjoys Christmas. Each of us has his own work to do. They each have a share.7  _d_ does he call? Once a month.a. How seldom b. How long c. How soon d. How oftenonce a month 每月一次, 属于频率对频率提问 : how oft

40、enHow often do you visit your mother? 对时间和次数提问提问多久 : how longHow long do you visit your mother? 对时间提问提问次数 : how many timesHow many times do you visit your mother each month?how soon 多久以后How soon will you finish your homework?8  A beggar is a person who _a_ .a. asks for money but doesn't wor

41、k b. asks for foodc. works hard d. is out of workout of work 失业I am out of work./I lose my job.10  She gave him a piece of cheese. He put the _a_ of cheese in his pocket.a. bit b. bar c. block d. packeta bit of /a piece of 在英文中经常互用bar 门闩 : 长条状 : a bar of chocolate;a bar of soapblock n. 房子；块, 一大

42、块；v. 堵塞packet 一包12  All the houses in our _a_ are the same age and size.a. street b. way c. road d. routesame age and size 同年代同样式street 两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道way, on the way, in the way 挡住某人的路(强调方向)road 路的通称 road home 通往家的路 (张艺谋的影片我的父亲母亲的英文名)route 路线语法精粹1.How can you_B_if you are not _?A. listening

43、/hearingB. hear/listeningC. be listening/hearD. be hearing/listening to如果你不听, 怎么可能听见呢?listen听/hear听见2.The girl even won't have her lunch before she_D_her homework.A. will finishB. is finishingC. had finishedD. finishes状语从句中, 用一般现在时取代将来时.3.Those who have applied for the post_A_in the office.A. ar

44、e being interviewed B. are interviewingC. interviewing (光动词+ing不能构成谓语) D. to be interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)apply for 申请interview 面试在英文中, 只能领导对员工面试，员工只能被面试，动词用被动The old scientist _C_to do more for the country.A. is wishing B. has been wishing C. wishesD. has been wished D为被动语态，从语法上说合理, 但不合情表示状态、感觉、情绪、

45、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.wish sb. to do 希望某人做某事5.If he_B_,don't wake him up.A. still sleeps B. is still sleeping C. still had been sleeping D. will be sleeping still如果他在睡觉的话, 不要吵醒他Lesson 7 Too late【New words and expressions】（13） detective n. 侦探detective story 侦探小说airport n. 机场airfield n. 飞机起落的场地port 港口；a

46、irport 航空港at the airport 在机场field 田野；airfield 停机坪 on the airfield 在停机坪上expect v. 期待, 等待 vt.&vi. 预计，预料Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected.正如他老师所预料的那样，吉姆数学考试没及格。 vt. 等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）They are expecting guests tonight. 今晚有人要去他们那里作客。expect所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作出相应反应的意思，而wait for主要接续

47、“等待”这个动作本身。expect sth.I expect a letter from Jimmy.expect sb.to do sth. 期待某人做某事I expect you to write back.I expect my mother to come back.wait for sth./sb. 动作上的等待I wait for my mother. vt. 认为，猜想（一般用于口语）I expect so./I think so. 我希望如此口语I expect youve heard the news. 我想你已经听到这个消息了。valuable adj. 贵重的precio

48、us adj. 珍贵的value n.&v. 价值；valuable adj.有价值的sth.is valuable/sth.is preciousprecious adj. 珍贵的（带有一定的感情色彩）precious photo 珍贵的照片-less 表否定; priceless adj. 没有价格的, 无价的valueless adj. 没有价值, 不足道的worthless adj. 无价值的diamond n. 钻石diamond ring 钻石戒指precious stone 宝石；crystal 水晶；jade 玉steal（stole，stolen） v. 偷 vt.&

49、amp;vi. 偷盗，行窃英语中“偷”用steal和rob来表达，宾语是物，用steal；宾语是人，用rob；跟地点相连，也用robsteal sth. 偷(某物)My wallet was stolen. John never steals. 约翰从不偷东西。rob sb. 抢(某人)I was robbed. rob the bank vt. 巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手He has stolen away Marys heart. 他已赢得玛丽的芳心。 vi. 偷偷地行动，悄悄靠近He stole into the room. 他悄悄地进了房间。main adj. 主要的main build

50、ing；main street；main sentence；main idea main不能与人连用 guard n. 警戒, 守卫life guard 救生员body guard 保镖keep guard 守望，警戒e.g. They kept a close guard over the thieves. 他们对小偷们严加看管。stand guard 站岗，放哨 【课文讲解】1、The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning.all一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如：all day

51、，all night，all week，all winter，all year等。但不说all hour。whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如a whole day/year，two whole weeks。all morning=all the morningThe plane was late 飞机晚(点)了 The bus was late./The train was late.detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探, 强调侦探这种人，笼统感念, 可不加some, the2、They were expecting a valuable parcel of di

52、amonds from South Africa.a valuable parcel of diamondsa cup of tea 强调的是茶3、A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds.a few hours earlier 几个小时以前 = a few hours before/a few hours agowould +do 过去将来时,间接方式, 转述, 站在过去看未来4、When the plane arrived, some of th

53、e detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.代词others常常和some连用，表示“有些（人），也有些（人）”或“有的，其余的”onethe other 一个另一个someothers 一些另一些 Some students are very hard-working, others are not.others=other+名词复数5、Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into

54、the Customs House.take sth. off=take sth. away from6、While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.表面上是分工, 两个动作同时发生, 不是同时开始同时结束, 延续时间不一致, 长一点时间的动作用进行时态, 短时间的动作用过去时.e.g. When someone knocked at the door, I was having din