学姐包过版!《英国文学史及选读》第二册-期末复习讲义(绝对全)

1、学姐包过版!英国文学史及选读第二册-期末复习讲义(绝对全)介绍一下，一共包括四分讲义，按顺序看，学姐没有看书，只看得讲义，复习了一个星期，考了90多分，第一份：总体了解考点，大体了解就行（往下翻还有别的）english literature   ( book ii) romanticis（名词解释）要对浪漫主义兴起的时间，根源，主要特点，主要代表作家都有所了解。 wordsworth要知道他的 “lyrical ballads”前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志，也是宣言。lake po

2、ets（名词解释）。他诗歌的主要两类题材：nature and common peoples lives。写过的著名作品：i wandered lonely as a cloud; to the cuckoo; lines composed a few miles above tintern abbey; the solitary reaper; we

3、60;are seven 等等。3. samuel taylor coleridge两首名诗：the rime of the ancient mariner; kubla khan主要写作supernatural题材。4. george gordon byron，byronic heroes (名词解释); 著名作品：child harolds pilgrimage要知道大致内容，另外此诗用spe

4、nserian stanza写成；don juan要知道大致内容。 5. percy bysshe shelley著名作品：queen mab; the revolt of islam; prometheus unbound（lyrical drama，要知道大致内容及此剧与古希腊的“被束缚的普罗米修斯”不同之处及其意义。）其它名作: ode to the west wind; to a

5、 skylark等等。6. john keats著名作品：ode to autumn; ode to a nightingale; ode on a grecian urn”。注意keats与byron和shelley的不同，keats的诗歌没有两人那么强的革命性，他的诗歌主要是为了缔造一个唯美的世界，为了追求美而写作的。7. charles lamb：the essays of elia (hu

6、morous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)8. walter scott: founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of romantic period in english

7、60;literature; famous novels: rob roy, ivanhoe; features of his novels.  english critical realism9. critical realism批判现实主义，要知道它兴起的时间，历史背景，主要代表人物及主要特点。10. charles dickens主要作品: the pickwick papers 

8、(first novel); oliver twist; dombey and son; david copperfield; a tales of two cities等等，对这些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要对情节，主要人物形象，主题及其意义有所了解，另外要知道狄更斯的小说的特色。11. william makepeace thackeray主要作品即vanity fair要知道这个题目出自john bunyan

9、的the pilgrims progress，另外小说的副标题 “a novel without a hero”的意思，小说的情节，主题，人物形象都要了解。12. jane austen主要作品：pride and prejudice其它5部小说知道名字即可，对于傲慢与偏见简单看一下它的情节和主要人物。austen的写作特点：thin plot, mostly everyday life of simple coun

10、try society; good at writing young girls; modest satire; witty dialogues。13. charlotte bronte主要作品jane eyre，要知道其情节和意义，另外简爱的人物形象也比较重要。14. emily bronte主要作品wuthering heights，情节，人物形象及意义。勃朗特姐妹的小说虽然写作在批判现实主义时期，但其作品有明显的浪漫主义特色，比如

11、包含的一些supernatural elements，特别体现在呼啸山庄中。15. george eliot主要作品: adam bede, the mill on floss. prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th century 16. alfred tennyson主要作品: in memo

12、riam, the idylls of the kings；有名的短诗break, break, break; crossing the bar等，此人政治态度保守，作品追求形式上的完美，富于音乐性和色彩。17. robert browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry. his famous poems: “home-thought

13、s from abroad” etc. elizabeth barrett browning: “sonnets from the portuguese”.18. aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）oscar wilde主要作品，写作特点及其意义简要了解。  twentieth century english literature19. john galsworthy: 主要作品

14、0;“the forsyte saga”注意这是两个trilogy构成的，可不是一本小说，其中比较重要的是 “the man of property”就是书上介绍的那一部，要知道此部小说主人公的名字，以及这个主人公的性格，和小说主题。 20. george bernard shaw主要作品mrs warrens profession和major babara，对他作品的主要人物，情节，主题和意义要了解，他是比较重要的一个作家。21. t. s.&

15、#160;eliot比较重要，特别是他的the waste land要知道包括哪几个部分，大概是什么情节，有什么象征意义，主题是什么，有什么写作特点。另外他著名的文章tradition and the individual talent被认为是manifesto of modernist poetry.22. modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of t

16、he characters psychological activities under the influence of austrian doctor sigmund freuds theories.23. d. h. lawrence重点作品sons and lovers这个作品明显受到弗洛伊德影响，特别是其中体现的oedipus complex，对其人物，主题要有了解；the rainbow及其续篇

17、women in love要有简单了解，特别是对其主题。lady chatterleys lover简单了解即可。劳伦斯的思想特点以及局限性要了解。24. stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）25. james joyce其它作品简单了解，但ulysses非常重要，需要知道题目来源，题目的含义，小说的主人公和情节，以及主题。26. virginia woolf重要的意识流作家，主要作品要指导。书上主要介绍的是mrs. dalloway，其实她的其它几部作品特别是to

18、0;the lighthouse也比较出名，需要了解一下。第二份：课本对应版，很多细节题都在里面，不看课本直接背这个讲义我考了90分，这份是重点英国文学史及选读第二册 复习提纲part vii. the romantic periodintroduction l historical backgroundthe political & social factors that gave rise to the romantic movement were the three revolutions the american revolution, the french revo

19、lution and the industrial revolution.l intellectual background the shift in literature from emphasis on reason to instinct & emotion was intellectually prepared for by a number of thinkers in the later half of the 18th century. representative thinkers are rousseau, edmund burke and thomas paine.

20、 l term romanticism（1） romanticism is a literary trend fighting against the idea of enlightenment. it prevailed in england during the period of 17981832. it begins with the publication of lyrical ballads by william wordsworth and samuel taylor coleridge and ends with sir walter scotts death.（2） roma

21、nticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.（3） in essence, it designates a literary & philosophical theory, which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life & all experienc

22、e.（4） it also places the individual at the center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings & particular attitudes, & valuing its accuracy in portraying the individuals experiences.l term lake poets or the lakersin english literature it refers to

23、such romantic poets as william wordsworth, samuel taylor coleridge and robert southey who lived in the lake district. l termgothic novel it is a type of romance very popular in the 18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century. it emphasizes things which are grotesque, violent, mysterious, s

24、upernatural, desolate and horrifying. it was applied by horace walpole to his novel the castle of otranto. it has exerted a great influence over the writers of the romantic period with its description of the dark, irrational side of human nature. gothic novel has exerted a great influence over the w

25、riters of the romantic period. works like the mysteries of udolpho by ann radcliffe and frankenstein by mary shelley are typical gothic romance. l romantic authors in england （1） the glory of the age is in the poetry of wordsworth, coleridge, byron, shelley, keats and southy.（2） of its prose works,

26、those of scott alone have attained very wide reading（3） the essays of charles lamb（4） the novels of jane austen and historical novels of walter scottwilliam wordsworth (1770-1850)“. . . poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquili

27、ty” (“preface”) 所有的好诗都是炽烈情感的自然涌流，而这种情感又是经过在宁静中追忆的. quotation from william wordsworth. l major works from william wordsworthlyrical ballads抒情歌谣集（i wandered lonely as a cloud我好似一朵孤独的流云；composed upon westminster bridge 写于威斯敏斯特桥上）lucy poems露西组诗(she dwett among the untrodden ways 她走在人迹罕至的路边；to the cuckoo

28、杜鹃颂;the solitary reaper孤寂的割麦女);the excursion远足the prelude序曲l analysis of william wordsworths works（1） she dwett among the untrodden ways is one of his famous lucy poems, in which the lover tells that she lived unknown and died unknown. （2） composed upon westminster bridge describes a vivid picture o

29、f a beautiful morning in london. （3） the solitary reaper describes vividly and sympathetically a young peasant girl working in the fields and singing as she works and shows that the girls singing deeply moved the traveler and kept lingering in his heart. （4） i wandered lonely as a cloud is perhaps t

30、he most anthologized poem in english literature, and one that takes us to the core of wordsworths poetic belief. l form this poem contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrametre(四步抑扬格), with a rhyme scheme of ababcc in each stanza. l themethe theme of this poem is the serene beauty of nature th

31、rough vivid description of daffodils and the poets respect for nature.l contentfirst stanza it shows a harmonious picture. the image of “cloud” gives us the impression of the poets pride and loftiness. but on seeing numerous daffodils, the poet descends from above to below. second stanza in this sta

32、nza, the poet draws an analogy between stars and daffodils to emphasize the great number. “star” in this stanza echoes with “cloud” in the previous stanza.third stanza the poet draws an analogy between waves of water and waves of daffodils. the description of the scenery ends in the second line. fol

33、lowing that, the poet shifts his emphasis from scenery to emotion. fourth stanza the glee of daffodils turns into happiness of the poet. as a result, the beauty of nature becomes the beauty of mind. the last two lines explain why daffodils had brought great wealth to me, because they had brought fre

34、sh inspiration, greater creativity and new capacity for imagination. new life has been brought to him by the memory.l brief comment on william wordsworth（1） he is the leading figure of english romantic poetry, and he is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”. （2） his lyrical ballads, written with cole

35、ridge, marked the beginning of romanticism in english poetry.（3） he defined poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”（4） he was one of the “lake poets”. george gordon byron (1788-1824)introductionl george gordon byron was

36、as famous in his lifetime for his personality cult as for his poetry. he created the concept of the “byronic hero”a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. byrons influence on european poetry, music, novel, opera, and painting has been immense. he was the most renowned english language poet

37、of his day. l term byronic herothis is a concept created by george gordon byron. it refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this figure would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupted society,

38、and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. l term lyric lyric is a short poem wherein the poet expresses an emotion or illustrates some life principle. lyric often

39、concerns love. “my love is like a red, red rose” is robert burns well-known lyric. l major works hours of idliness 1807english bords and scottish reviewers 1809childe harolds pilgrimage 1812the giaour 1813the corsair 1814lara 1814manfred 1817cain 1821don juan (1819-1824)l famous selected poems in ou

40、r textbook:when we two parted; she walks in beauty; the isles of greece taken from don juanl analysis of byrons works （1） don juan, byrons masterpiece, is regarded as the great poem of the romantic age. it is a poem based on a traditional spanish legend of a great lover and seducer of women. （2） whe

41、n we two parted is a lyric poem of usual love between man and woman. the poem is alternately rhymed to show the poets mental pain of love mingled with hate. the metrical movement of this poem is basically a combination of iambic and anapaestic (抑抑扬格) feet, with a rhyme scheme ababcdcd.（3） she walks

42、in beauty is one of bs early love lyrics. l background knowledge on june 11, 1814, b attended a party where he for the first time net his young cousin, lady wilmot horton, who was dressed in a black mourning gown. b was so struck by her beauty that, on returning home, he wrote this poem in a single

43、night. l theme this lyric poem is a compliment to a lady and to celebrate the beauty of the woman. l form the poem contains three stanzas of iambic tetrameter, with a rhyme scheme ababab.（4） the isles of greece is taken from don juan, canto iii, which is sung by a greek singer at the wedding of don

44、juan and haidee. in the early 19th century, greece was under the rule of turk. by contrasting the freedom of ancient greece and the present enslavement, the poet appealed to people to struggle for liberty. l comments on byron（1） byron is the most excellent representative of english romanticism. he w

45、as one of the most influential poets of his time. （2） he created the concept of the “byronic hero”a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. （3） his poems are favorites of the british workers & the laboring people of other countries. he opposed oppression & slavery, & had an arden

46、t love for liberty. he praised the peoples revolutionary struggles in his works. （4） he was the most renowned english language poet of his day. percy bysshe shelley (1792-1827)introductionl shelley is one of the leading romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the english language. sh

47、elley drew no essential distinction between poetry and politics, and his work reflected the radical ideas and revolutionary optimism of the era. l term odeit is a dignified and elaborately structured lyric poem of some length, praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event, or describ

48、ing nature intellectually rather than emotionally. originally they were songs performed to the accompaniment of a music instrument. john keats wrote great odes. his ode on a grecian urn is a case in point.l term - terza rimait is an italian verse that consists of a series of three-line stanzas in wh

49、ich the middle line of each stanza rhymes with the first and third lines of the following stanza with the rhyming scheme aba, bcb, cdc, ded, etc. it appeared first in dantes the divine comedy. besides, shelleys ode to the west wind is a case in point.l major worksthe necessity of atheism 无神论的必要性adon

50、ais 阿多尼斯queen mab 1813麦布女王the revolt of islam 1818伊斯兰的反叛prometheus unbound 1820解放了的普罗米修斯a defence of poetry诗辩l famous selected poems in our textbook:a song: men of englandode to the west windozymandiasto a skylark the cloud l analysis of shelleys works（1） a song: men of england is one of shelleys gr

51、eatest political lyrics. it is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. the poet warns the working people that if they should give up their struggle, they

52、would be digging graves for themselves with their own hands. （2） ode to the west wind is one of the most popular and best-known of shelley's lyrics. main idea shelley eulogized the powerful west wind & expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. “west wind” in th

53、e poem symbolizes both destroyer of the old and preserver of the new. it destroys leaves/things/thoughts/ideas that are dead; it preserves new life or seeds that represent new life or new birth. formthis ode consists of five stanzas, each a stanza formed of four units of terza rima (三行诗节) completed

54、by a couplet. famous lines”wild spirit, which art moving everywhere;/ destroyer and preserver; hear, o hear!” and “i fall upon the thorns of life!” and “if winter comes, can spring be far behind?”（3） prometheus unbound is shelleys greatest poetic drama. the drama celebrates mans victory over tyranny

55、 and oppression. （4） queen mab is a revolutionary poem condemning tyranny and exploitation and the unjust war waged by the rich to plunder wealth.john keats (1795-1821)l romantic poets comparedwordsworth: beauty in simplicitycoleridge: beauty in the extraordinary and supernaturalbyron: beauty in pow

56、er and satireshelley: exquisite beautykeats: sensuous beauty(给人以美的享受的). on john keats tomb are carved, according to his own request, the words: “here lies one whose name was writ in water.” (此地长眠者，声名水上书) l john keats is one of the major english romantists in the 19th century. he wrote best odes in e

57、nglish literature. he sought to express beauty in all of his poems. his leading principle is “beauty is truth, truth beauty”. his poetry is distinguished by sensuousness and the perfection of the form. his ability to appeal to the senses through language is virtually unrivaled.l major workslong poem

58、sshort poems“endymion”恩底弥瓮“ode on a grecian urn”希腊古瓮颂“isabella”伊萨贝拉“ode on melancholy”忧郁颂“the eve of st. agnes”圣爱格尼斯之夜“ode to autumn”秋颂“lamia” 莱米亚“ode to a nightingale”夜莺颂“hyperion” 赫披里昂sonnet: on first looking into chapmans homerl analysis of keats works（1） ode on an grecian urn shows the contrast

59、between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion. formeach stanza is 10 lines long, metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter, and divided into a two part rhyme scheme: the first 7 lines of each stanza follow an ababcde rhyme and the last 3 lines of which are variable. the f

60、amous line from this ode is “beauty is truth, truth beauty” and “heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/ are sweeter”.（2） on first looking into chapmans homer is a petrarchan or italian sonnet with a rhyme scheme of abba abba cdc dcd. the octet (eight lines) describes keats's reading experi

61、ence before reading chapman's translation and the sestet (six lines) contrasts his experience of reading it. （3） ode to a nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony.walter scott (17711832)l walter scott, a scottish novelist and poet,

62、 is the father of the historical novel. his historical novel is his chief contribution to english literature. his historical novels concern the history of scotland, english history and the history of european countries. his language is difficult with scottish dialect.l major works of walter scottpoe

63、ms1802, minstrelsy of the scottish border, 苏格兰边区歌谣集1805, the lay of the last minstrel,最末一个行吟诗人1808, marmion玛密恩1810, the lady of the lake湖上夫人novelsof scottish historywaverley 威弗利1814guy mannering 盖曼纳合1815old morality 清教徒1816rob roy 1817 罗布·罗伊, the best of the groupthe heart of midlothian 1818弥德洛西恩的心 of the english historyivanhoe艾凡赫1820,