2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：虚拟语气

1、重难点分析虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生 应予以重视。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类C 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。此外如需表达 主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。一.虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表类别用法例句与现在事从句动词：过去式（be多用were,但在If he Were here, he WOUld help实相反口语中，如果主语是第一/三人称，beus.如果他在这，他会帮我们动词可用WaS）；主句动词：的。

2、ShOUld/would/CoUld/might+动词原形if引导的与过去事从句动词：had+过去分词；主句动词：If I had been free, I WOUld条件状语实相反ShOUId/would/COUld/might + have+过have ViSited you.如果我那时从句去分词有空，我就会去拜访你了。与将来事从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/If it ShOUId rain tomorrow, We实相反were+不定式；主句动词：WOUlCl not go CamPing.女口果ShOUICl/would/COUld/might + 动词原形明天下雨，我们就

3、不去露营TOThey are talking WaS if theyas if/though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过were/ had been friends for其他状语去完成式years.他们交谈着，好像是多从句年的老朋友。even if/though引导的从句，与现在/将来事实相反 时,从句动词用过去式,主句动词用ShOUICl/would+ 动词原形；与过去事实相反时，从句动词用had+ 过去分词，主句动词用ShOUId/would+ have+过去 分词EVen if We failed, We WOUldrft IOSe courage.即使我们失败 了，我们也不会失去

4、勇气。demand, require, advise, suggest, OrderJ insist(坚持He SUggeStecl that We要求)等表命令、建议、要求的动词后所接的宾语从(ShOUld) not Change OUr mind.宾语从句句中的动词用(should)+动词原形他建议我们不要改变主意。WiSh后所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词分别用过去I WiSh I COUId be a POP singer.式、过去完成式和COUICl/would+动词原形表示与现我希望我是一名流行歌手。在、过去和将来情况相反的假设在 It is necessary/important/st

5、range that, It isIt is Strange that SUCh a主语从句suggested/ demanded/ordered/requested that等PerSOn ShOUId be OUr friends.后所接的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原很奇怪的是这样一个人会成形为我们的朋友。My advice is that you (ShOUld)表语从句idea, advice, Orderl dema nd, request 等表命令、建finish your homework first 我和同位语议、要求的名词后所接的表语从句和同位语从句中的建议

6、是你首先应该做完家从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形庭作业。The idea that you (ShOUld) gois nght.你走的建议是正确的。其他句型中It is （high） time that ”句型中定语从句的谓语动词 用过去式或should+动词原形（优先使用过去式）It is high time that We left. 该 是我们离开的时候了。WOUld rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去 完成式I WOUld rather you Stayed at home now.我宁愿你现在待 在家里。if Only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强

7、烈的愿望If Only OUr dream had COme true!要是我们的梦想成真该多好！二、其他要注意的事项1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was,但在if的倒装句中只能用WereO如:Were I you, I WOUId apologize to her.如果我是你的话, 我就会去向她道歉C2. SUggeSt表“暗示、表明”和InSiSt表“坚持认为"时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。如：YOUr PaIe face SUggeStS that you are ill.你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。He insisted that

8、he WaS right.他坚持认为他是对的。（ insist表“坚持要求"时,其后的宾 语从句则要用虚拟语气）3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, ShOUIdI Werei可省略if,并将这些词提前引起倒装。如： Were I you, I WOUId remain.如果我是你，我会留下来。Had you told me earlier, I WOUId,t have missed it.如果你早点告诉我,我就不会错过它4. 可用WithOUtl but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。如:BUt for your help, I WOUId have failed t

9、he exam.如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。WithOUt water, there WOUId be no life.没有水，就没有生命。5. as if/though, even if/though引导的从句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示真实的情况。如:It IOOkS as if it is going to rain.看起来似乎要下雨了。考点练透一、单句填空用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. If he(Warn), he(not take) that foodLUCkily he WaS Sent to the hospital immediately2. When a PenC

10、il is Partly in a glass Of water, it IOOkS as if it(break).3. I WOUIcl rather they(not hear) Of the news.4. I WiSh(have) a room Of my WOn When I WaS a ChiIcl5. BUt for the teacher, I(not Change) my attitude to StUdy yet.6. WithOUt air to hold SOme Of the SUrfS heat, the earth at night(be) freezingCO

11、ldf too COld for US to stay.7. If I had WOrked harder at SChOOIt I(Sit) in a COmfOrtabIe OffiCe now.8. Her Pale face SUggeSted that She(be) ill1 and her COlIeagUeS SUggeSted thatShe(have) a medical examination.9. 丨 inSiSted he(go) to See a doctor, but he insisted nothing(be)WrOng With him.10. He ask

12、s that he(give) an OPPOrtUnity to explain Why he has refused to gothere.11. It is high time We(get) down to discuss this PlarL12. If it Were not for the fact that you(be) too busy, I WOUId ask you to help medo this right now.13. WhO do you SUggeSt(Send) to WOrk there?14. I WOUId have COme earlier, b

13、ut I(not know) that you Were Waiting for me.15. If it(rain) tomorrow, the OUting WOUId be CanCeIIeCl16. If there Were no airt PeOPle(die).17. If he(StUdy) harder, he might PaSS the exam.18. If he(take) my advicef he WOUld not have made SUCh a mistake19. We WOUld rather you(go) here tomorrOw.20. It i

14、s high time that you(go) to PiCk UP your daughter at SChOOL二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。I am a middle SChOOl student. I have many dreams. If there (be) not SO much homework, I WOUId have more time to do What I Iike to do. HOW I WiSh I 2(IiSten) tomy favorite music for an hour aday and 3 (PIay) table tennisf

15、oran hour in themorning. It is my desire that We 4(hold)evening PartieS Or 5 (Organize)SOme interesting activities at Weekend I SUggeSt that there 6 (be) not SO many tests. YOU Can inagine What Iife 7 (WiII) be if I 8 (realize) my dream BUt I must fact the exams. WithOUt good marks, I 9 (WiII) not e

16、nter my ideal University Anyway, it,s high time that I 10 (encourage) myself and WOrked hard from now on.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What Will happen if ice CaPS melt? The IeVel Of the WOrId,s OCeans WiIl rise2 this isnot the real PrOblemI the PrOblem is that these White ice CaPS reflect S

17、Unlight, much Of _2 is reflected back into space, in turn 3 (COOI) earth, but With the ice CaPS melting, _4 OnIy reflector is the OCean, darker COIOr absorbs SUnlight CaUSing further Warrning Of the earth WhiCh Can be UP to 80 OC WhiCh is fatal (致命的)and Can CaUSe 5 (extinct) Of all IiVing Organisms.

18、 If all the ice melted, north and SOUth POIel Antarctica, Greenland, and all, Sea IeVeISWOUld nse 6175 and 225 feet. Coastal areas WOUld essentially disappear, and roughly a third Of the earth,s existing Iandmass (大陆) 7 (flood). It is estimated that 60% Of the WOrldTS POPUlatiOn IiVeS in the COaStal

19、 Plains. Many inland areas WOUld be affected as WeIlI 8 Water tables, rivers, and IakeS WOUld all rise 9 their PreViOUS heights.The animals that IiVe in the COld (POIar bears, Penguins and arctic foxes) WiIl become endan gered MOSt important Of allf there are many Other IO(Predict) bad results human

20、 may befaced With Are you afraid Of that now?助读词汇reflectOr n.反射物absorb Vt 吸收essentially adv.基本上rOUghIy adv.粗略地plain .平原in turn转而IiVing OrganiSm 生物体COaStal area沿海地区arctic fox北极狐be UP to 达至IJnorth and SOUth POle 北极和南极It is estimated that - 据彳古计参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. had been Warned; WOUldn't have taken

21、2 Were broken 3. hadrt heard 4. had had5. WOUIdrt have Changed 6. WOUId be 7. WOUICl be Sitting 8 was; (ShOUld) have 9. (ShOUId) go; WaS IO. (ShOUld) be give 11. got 12. are 13. be Sent 14. Ciidrft know 15.ShOUICl/were to rain 16. WOUlcl die 17. StUdied 18. had taken 19. Went 20. Went二、语篇填空1. Were 2. IiStened 3. PIayed 4. (ShoUld) hold 5. (ShOUld) Organize 6. (ShOUld) be 7.WOUld 8. realized / ShOUId realize / Were to realize 9. WOUId 10. enCOUragecl三、语法填空如果地球上的冰帽都融化的话，会发生什么？