生物柴油发电

1、BiodieselTechnology and Development生物柴油技术和发展Chen Fang / 陈放School of Life Sciences, SCU /四川大学生命科学学院Institute of Bio-energy,scu/四川大学生物能源研究所I. Introduction /简介Biodiesel/生物柴油Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, and which meets the specifi

2、cations of ASTM D 6751.生物柴油是指能够本国生产的、可再生的, 从天然油脂如大豆油生产出的能够用于柴油引 擎的燃油，并且满足ATMD6751标准。Petroleum/energy plant 石油/能源植物Containing biodiesel components/ or precursors.含有生物柴油成分或可经转化成为柴油的成分的植物Biomass (mainly forest) /year is as 20-27 times as the exploitation quantity of petroleum.地球上每年的生物质(主要是森林)产量可为石油 开采量

3、的2027倍。The ways to obtain biodiesel生物柴油的生产原理 Shaken/乳化 Alcohols + fresh or used oil/fattransesterification reaction转酯化反应-Chemical catalysts/化学催化剂一 Enzymatic conversation (lipase)/生物酶法The benefits of biodiesel生物柴油的优点 Convenient一 No engine rebuilding Renewable and sustainable Local available and econo

4、my promoting Environment friendly一 CO2 fixation and low pollution gas emission(only 1/4 of common diesel, meeting the European standard III) 便利，不需要现有设备的改造 可再生和可持续性发展 可本地/国生产，对当地经济具有促进作用 环境友好,co2固定和低污染排放，达到欧洲三号标准II. Present status of bio-diesel生物柴油现状 Feedstock/原料植物研究J.， Current producing situation /生

5、物柴油生产 现状1. Feedstock / 原料 The % cost of biodiesel comes from the feedstock cost 生物柴油成本的3/4是原料成本。Energy plant research能源植物研究1970s Dr. Melvin-Kelvin, a Noble Prizewinner, 1st research on the energy plant1978 International Energy Sources Academy (IEA) initiated the international cooperation research on

6、 energy plants,1986 USA began to plant petroleum plant garden firstly Subsequently? Britain, France, German, Japan and Brazil started the research and application.1970s诺贝尔奖获得者Melvin-Kelvin博士开始能源植物研究19781986国际能源署开始能源植物的国际间合作研究美国开始种植能源植物林随后,英国、法国、德国、日本和巴西陆续开始了相关研究和应用The species of energy plants能源植物种类

7、There are many plants can be used as green energy sources. Most of them come from一 Euphorbia- Leguminous-Cruciferae CompositeThey contain natural fuel ingredients,有许多植物可提供绿色能源，其中大部分来自：-大戟科一豆科-十字花科一菊科它们都含有优质的能源成分。“biodiesel plant97 “生物柴油植物”Rape油菜Cotton seeds/棉籽Sun flower seeds/油葵Abundant diesel plant

8、 source in China 中国有丰富的生物柴油资源There are 400 kinds of woody oil trees in all, thereinto oil content of more than 200 kinds range from 15% to 60%, otherwise oil content of more than 50 kinds range from 50% to 60%. At present only about 10 kinds had been utilized, there are plentiful wild resources whic

9、h await to be discovered and farther exploited yet。木本油料树种有400多种，含油量在1560%的有 200多种，含油量在5060%的有50多种，目前开发利 用的仅10多种，还有大量的野生资源有待发掘和进一步 的开发利用。Modification of energy plants目标id 一 、一局产优质能源植物改良The aims High yield Good quality Low input (tolerant to 低投入(抗逆性强) stress)常规育种分子育种 Classical breeding Molecular breed

10、ingThe research on the oil components regulation mechanism 燃油成分调控的机制研究Michigan State UniversityWashington UniversityBritain John Innes InstituteYork UniversityGermany Hamburg Universityfatty acid and oil metabolism pathway and key genesthrough the methods of DNA micro-array, protein bidirectional el

11、ectrophoresis and metabolizomics? and brought forward the concept of the Lipidomics<通过DNA微列阵、双向电泳和代谢组学等方法研究脂肪酸和油脂代谢途径和关键基因，提出了脂肪组学的 概念。American scientists had induced Cuphea Viscosissima Mutant vs320 via mutation technology and bioengineering means. Their short chain fatty acid content had increa

12、sed hugely. Lipid of mutant plant could be in place of petrochemical diesel fuel directly, without conversion。利用突变体技术和基因工程手段，美国科学家诱导出胶粘萼距花(Cuphea Viscos/ssima)突变体vs320,其 短链脂肪酸含量大大提高，突变体植株油脂可以不经转化 直接取代石化柴油。In Europe, canola variety has been the primary stuff that could be used to produce biodiesel fu

13、el, and which involved in erucic acid less than 2 % , fatty acid over 90%, sulfur content (thioglycoside less than 20|irnol/g) .欧洲用于生物柴油生产的主要原料为双低油菜，其介酸小于2%,十八碳脂肪酸超过90%,硫含量低（硫甘 小于20|iimol/g) o2.Current production situation生物柴油生产现状TechnologyChemical catalyze method Equipments ： similar to common oil

14、equipments Procedures: alcohols , acid/basic catalyst, high temperature (230250)技术化学催化法 设备：类常规制油设备 工艺：甲/乙醇、酸/碱催化剂、高温( 230250C)The world biodiesel status(I)NationMaterialBiodiesel fuel proportionUsing statusAmericasoybeanB10-B20To be using popularlyGermanyRape seed、bean oil、tallowB5-B20,B100To be usi

15、ng widelyBrazilCastor oilTo be in running testJ.AustriaRape seed、deposed greaseB100To be using widelyAustraliatallowB100To be researched and popularizedFranceAll kinds of plant oilB5-B30To be researched and popularizedItalyAll kinds of plant oilB20-B100To be using widelySwedenAll kinds of plant oilB

16、2-B100To be using widelyBelgiumAll kinds of plant oilB5-B20To be using widelyArgentinasoybeanB20To be using popularlyBulgariasunflower、soybeanB100To be using popularlyMalaysiaPalm oilTo be using popularlyKoreaRice bran> reclaimed cooking oil and bean oil J.B5-B20To be using popularlyCanadaTuna oi

17、l、tallowB2-B100To be using popularlyThe world biodiesel status(II)生物柴油在世界各国的应用情况ChinaGermanUSABrazilSpanIrelandHungaryDenmarkBelgiumAustriaItalyFranceJapan中国德国美国巴西西班牙爱尔兰匈牙利口百分比(%)口生产能力(万吨)丹麦93USA /美国Bush总统关注生物燃油发展国“America is addicted to oil, which is often imported from unstable parts of the world.

18、 The best way to break this addiction is through technology. We'll also fund additional research in cutting-edge methods of producing ethanol, not just from corn, but from wood chips and stalks, or switch grass. Our goal is to make this new kind of ethanol practical and competitive within six ye

19、ars.”“美国There are at least 4 biodiesel manufactures (interchem Environment 、 AgEnvirmental Products、Twin Rivers Technology (TRT) 、 NOPOC Corp.), The total output arrives 300 kt/a.-MidwestlOkt/a- Chicago30kt/a- Quincy lOOkt/a- the other places 16k t/a17 目前已有4家生产厂(Interchem Environment 、AgEnvirmental

20、Products 、 Twin Rivers Technology(TRT)NOPOC Corp.)生产，总生产能 力30万t/a ；在中西部(Midwest)有1万t/a装置；芝加哥(Chicago) 3万t/a；在麻省Quincy 10万t/a；其他地方 产量为1.6万t/a。Germany/德国 At least 8 biodiesel manufactures have been established in Germany. In 2004 the biodiesel output arrived 1 million tons and there are 1700 biodiesel

21、 service stations. Biodiesel standard DINV51606 No biodiesel tax-Dusseldorf 60kt/a Leer 80kt/a-Plausen 2k t/a一 Kiel 10kt/a, Barby50kt/a, Thuringmlk t/a德国目前已拥有8个生产生物柴油的工厂，在杜塞尔多夫(Dusseldorf)和Leer建立生物柴油的工业化企业(Dusseldorf 6万 t/a, Leer 8万t/a),在普劳恩(Plausen)有一个小型厂(2000 t/a)。 在1998年投产的生物柴油厂有3个基尔(Kiel) 1万t/a,

22、巴比(Barby) 5万t/a,菲林根(Thuringin) 2000t/a)。德国2004年生 物柴油产量达100万t,拥有1700多个生物柴油加油站，并且制定了 生物柴油的标准DINV51606,对生物柴油不收税5万吨彳F rance / 法国There are at least 7 biodiesel manufactures:- Compiegne 40kt/a Boussens 70kt/a- Peronne lOkt/a- Verdun 40kt/a- Nogent-surSeine 120kt/aThe CIRAD has demonstrated that biodiesel could be used in common diesel engine across a lOmillion meters run experiment. The standard is to add 5% biodiesel into fossil diesel.The biodiesel tax rate is zero. 法国目前已拥有7个生产生物柴油的企业,-贡比涅4万t/a一Boussens 7 万 t/a-Peronne 1 万t/a一凡尔登（Verdun） 477t/a-Nogent-surSeine 12万t/a。法国CIRAD集团在雷诺汽车中进行了生物柴油