高中英语语法中的就近原则

1、【就近原则】也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”（proximity）,即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时 不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。i 在正式文体中：1. 由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型;or ; either or； nor; neither- nor； whether-or； notbut; not onlybut also” ； 等。e.g.®what he does or what he says does not concern me .他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 neither you nor i am wrong .你和我都没错。 n

2、ot you but your father is to blame .不是你，而是你父亲该受贵备。 not only you but（also） he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.©in the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people .在远处，能 听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。there is （are） a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。ii.非正式文体中：有

3、时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.neither she nor i were there （意义一致）我和他当吋都不在那儿。（非正式）neither she nor i was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规 范的。e.g.no one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他白己的支持者同意他的意见。（依 “就近”和“意义” 一致的原则；但语法上，“noone ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。

4、“写作中” 一般要依“语法一致”原则。【就远原则】谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as； （together/along） with； rather than； except； besides； but； including； in addition to； apart from采用“就近原则”的两个典型用法即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。1. 连词 or, notbut，eitheror，neither-nor-, not onlybut also,等连接的并歹u主 语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。如：not his parents but he doesn

5、, t want to go.是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。neither you nor i am a stranger here.你和我都不是刚来这里。does neither he nor his classmates know the secret?他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘？2. 当there be后有两个或儿个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。 如：there is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate.盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子 和一些桔子。there are two pears, some o

6、ranges and an apple on the plate.盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子 和一个苹果。五、由 or, not only but also ，either or ，neither nor , not but 等连接两个名词作主语吋，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定。女u：you or he is going to be sent to study abroad .he or we are going to be sent to study abroad .六、"名词 + 介词 / 介词短语（with, together with, along with, a

7、s well as 等） +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由介词前的名词的单复数形式决定。如：tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .you as well as your brother have been accepted .七、主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：what we can' t get seems better than what we have .taking more exercise is good for your health .八、定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作主语吋，从句谓语与先行

8、词的人称和数保持 一致；但"one of +名词复数”作先行词时，如在one前有lhe, the very, the only等词 修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数形式，若没有，则用复数形式。如：he is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .he is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .九、there be句型中，be的单复数形式由其后的名词决定，如果有两个或两个以 上的名词，则按就近原则决定。如：

9、there is only a desk in the room .there is only a desk and two chairs in the room .there are two chairs and a desk in the room .十、“ the+形容词”作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：the rich don' t understand the life of the poor .the wounded have been given careful attention .中学就经常考以下4个就近喩则的知识点。就近原则，也就是说，句子中的谓语动

10、词是由最靠近它的名词或者代词来决定 其用单数还是复数这个问题。1 .there be 句型 there is an apple ,a pear and two bananas in the bag.（ an apple 最靠近 be的位置，an apple是单数，所以谓语用is）=there are two bananas , an apple and a pear in the bag . （two bananas 最靠近 be 的位 置，two bananas是复数，所以谓语用are）2. neither.nor. neither you nor he is right.（这句有两个主语，一个是 you 个是he ,由于he最近谓语的位置，所以谓语用is ）= neither he nor you are right.3. eithe匚.oreither they or jim is going to shanghai next saturday.（jim 最近谓语，所以用 is ）= either jim or they are going to shanghai next saturday. （they 最靠近谓语,所 以用are）4. not only.but also. not only ann but also her