安全工程专业英语部分翻译

1、安全工程专业英语部分翻译Company number 1089WT-1898YT-1WUnit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 一事Process industry 制造工业故致因理论Hazard control危险控制Safety management安全管理Intensive study广泛研究Physical conditions物质条件Organizational performance 企Machine guarding机械业绩效保护装置Mutual trust相互信任House-keeping工作场所Safet

2、y officer安全管理官员Top management高层管理Safety committee安全委员人员会Human errors人因Shop-floor生产区失误Unionized company集团公司Accident-proneness models 事故Seniority资历、工龄倾向模型Local culture当地Munitions factory军工厂文化Causal factors起因Absenteeism rate缺勤率Risking taking冒险行为Power relations权力关系Corporate culture企业文Status review状态化审查L

3、oss prevention 损失预防Lower-level management低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle安全规则Wall-board公告栏Implement plan执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance安全性能One comprehensive definition foran organizational culture hassaid the organizationa

4、lbeen presented by Schein who has culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions - invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration - that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught

5、to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems'' 译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基 本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问 题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作 的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让 他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问 题。The safety culture of an organiz

6、ation is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organizationf s health and safety management.译文：组织的安全文化由以下儿项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态 度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健 康安全

7、管理的责任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product附带产生的结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem安全问题Accelerating technology 快速发展的技术Safety effort安全投入System' s life cycle 系统的生命周期System effectiveness 系统有效性Logical reasoning逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故A

8、ccident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理的规划System hazard系统危害Safety input安全投入Inherently safe system本质安全系统Schedule delays 进度拖延Concept phase初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation 系统运行System analysis 系统分析System design系统设计Aid in 有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance p

9、lans维护计戈Safety problems 安全问题Development phase发展阶段Operation phase 运行阶段Performance reviews绩效评估Disposal phase 处理阶段Intuitive process直觉过程Make decisions做决定Hazard control 危险控制Protective apparel防护月艮Engineering solutions 工程方法Protective devices保护装置Warning devices 报警装置Incorrect interpretation 误 解Hazardous mate

10、rial危险物质Work area layout工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法 /手段Training sessions培训会议Safety promotion programs 安 全促进项目Administrative solutions 行 政方法/手段Personnel selection 人员选择Safety shoes 安全鞋Safety belt安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention事故预防Technical system 技术系统Responsible official 负责人/手段Hazard ana

11、lysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both

12、the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析， 必须在

13、有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功主 要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统和用 于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实践过程 中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同知识背景 的人共同努力才行。System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the comp

14、lex technical systems that are common in today' s society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific

15、 and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和相 关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努力过 程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这样一个思想，即所有的事故都是系统内 大量相互作用的原因造成的，理论上，各种原因及相互作用都能被识 别、评估，并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学的管 理原则，系统安

16、全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the detail work involved in

17、 a system safety program is in the performance of hazard analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards identified.译文：要想获得所期望的安全程度，所有必须做的工作都应编制成正式 的计划。这些计划的目标就是确保系统里的危险被消除，或者使危险在 系统生命周期内尽早的得到控制。系统安全

18、计划中的大量具体工作在危 险分析的过程中得以执行。通过分析提供的信息，负责人就能选择最安 全、最有效的方式来控制被识别出来的危险。Unit 3 The ergonomics Processergonomics process人机工程过程MSDs （are injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue and nervous system that affect your body' s: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons （经脉），Ligaments （韧 带）,Joints）由肌肉组织或神经 系统引起的伤害或疾病 Upper ec

19、helons 上层、iWj层 hourly employee 钟点工 Job sites 工地Ergonomics committee 人机工程 委员会Medical management医疗管理Musculoskeletal stressors 肌 肉骨骼紧张性刺激 Ergonomics input 人机工程投入Management commitment 管理承诺 /行为Manufacturing engineers 制 造业工程师Plant manager 1J 经理 Process engineer 生产 匚程师Human resource manager 人力资源 经理 Safety

20、manager 安全经理 Sub-committee 分委员会 Overseeing body 监督主体 low back disorder腰部疾病Active and passive surveillance主动和被动监督 Job stressors工作压力源Follow-up 后续工作 Ergonomics awareness 人机工程意识Follows through实现，把进Chain of command 指挥链行到底Hit list 黑名单You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and det

21、ermine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued

22、cooperation of workers in hazard identification.你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估，并决定在实际危险存在 时是否需要立刻采取措施。当你不把一个已被报告的危险当做一个实际 存在的危险时，你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没把这个被报告的危险当做一个真正的危险，并解释原因。进行持续合作。Unit 4 HazardHazard identification 危险识别Outcome 后果Ongoing process 正在进行的过程Place on 重视Exposure limit 暴露极限Ventilation system通风系统这将确保工人们在危险

23、识别过程中identificationBudgetary constraint 预算约束Jobsite safety inspection 1.作场所安全检查Accident investigation事故调查Labor management committee 劳 动管理委员会Accident incidence 事故发生率Severity rate 严重事故率Industrial accident 工业事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序Walk-round inspection 巡视Overexertion 用力过度Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Ex

24、treme temperature 极限温度Worker-oriented 以人为本的Mitigate减轻/缓和Abatement 降低/消除This approach to hazard identification does not require that someone with special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique wor

25、ks well where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abat

26、ement of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential.这种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特需训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简 短的问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健 康的地方，这种危险辨识方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的 部分就是对识别的潜在的危险进行分析评估和反馈。赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建议并提出如何对这些潜在的危险进行管理的权利是必须的。Unit 5 What is an OHSMS详 Sparing

27、ly少量的OHSMS职业健康安全管理体系Legacy 遗产，留给后人的东西In practice在实践中Allow for 考虑到Regulatory system监管体系Review phase审查阶段Specific objective特殊目标Corrective action纠正措施Be central to极为重要Systematic approach系统方法Systemic linkage 体系联动Inter-linked相互链接Feedback loop 反馈环Specific program element细计划Mandatory 强制的Arise from 由。引起Strate

28、gic objective 战略目标Commercial pressure商业压力Principal contractor 总承包商Hybrid method混合方法Market-based基于市场的Formalised prescription 正式的 法规/规定Mandated principle 明文规定的原则Stem from起源于，来自于Regulatory framework 规章制度European Union FrameworkDirective欧盟框架指令All-encompassing approach 包 罗万象的方法Home grown国产的/自己制定Chamber o

29、f Commerce andIndustry工商会/工商联Framing编制/制定Emergency planning应急计戈UPlanning and accountability 计 划与职责Managerialist andparticipative models 经理主导模式和参与模式bureaucrat ic mode 1官僚模式Top down由上而下Trace to追溯到Empirical test 经验实验Mutually exclusive相互排斥的Quality levels 质量标准Expand upon详述/进一步阐述Level of achievement 成就水平P

30、erformance level 执行标准Graduating up逐渐变化At the behest of 在。命令/要求下Set out 阐述、陈列Conversely, an alternative participative model of amanagement systemsn can be traced to socio-technical systems theory, which emphasises organisational interventions based on analysis of the inter-relationships of technology

31、, environment, the orientation of participants, and organisational structure.相反，一个可选择来使用的“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术系统 理论，该理论强调组织干预，这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参 与者的定位及组织结构之间的相互关系进行分析的基础上的。So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of dimensions relating to method of implementation, systemcharacteristics,

32、and degree of implementation. Such variance is important because it affects evaluation and measurement of OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMS effectiveness may need to take account of what systems are expected to do

33、. Are they to meet complex system or simple design standards Are they implemented at the behest of management or external OHS authorities Are objectives the simple ones such as reducing direct lost-time injuries or do they include satisfying multiple stakeholders Are they at an early or established

34、stage of development; and which of several different configurations of control strategy and management structure/style is adopted 到目前为止，我们已经表明OHSMS能呈现多样性的特征，这些特征与执 行方法、系统特征和执行程度相关。这种多样性的变化非常重要，因为 它对OHSMS性能的评价和测量有影响。对一个体系的某种特征适合的方 法可能对另一个特征不合适。OHSMS有效性的评价需要考虑到底期望这个 体系来干什么它们满足复杂的体系呢还是只是一个简单的设计标准它们 是不是

35、在管理者或者外界0HS权威人士的要求下被执行的它们的目标是 这种简单的（比如减少直接的时间损失伤害）还是使多数风险金管理机 构满意它们是在处于形成的早期还是在建立时期采取哪一种不同控制策 略的形态和管理结构/形式Unit 6 Industrial Hygiene Industrial hygieneL业卫生Physical hazards 物理危害、物质危害Nonionizing radiation 非电离辐 射Adverse effects副作用、坏的 影响Loud noise嘈杂的声音Chemical bum化学烧伤Live electrical circuits 带 电电路Confine

36、d space 密闭空间Hearing loss明,力丧失Physical or mental disturbance身体或精神障碍Annoyance 烦恼Grinder砂轮机Power tools电动工具Narrow band noise窄带噪声Impulse脉冲Sound level meter噪声计Threshold of pain痛觉阈Jet engine喷气式发动机Time-weighted average 时间力口权平均Snap捻手指的声音Heat stress热威胁、热应力Extremity 四肢Shivering 颤抖Hard labor辛苦工作Fatigued 疲乏的Livi

37、ng tissue 活组织Plastic sealer 塑料密封机Biological Hazards 生物危害Mold霉菌Potable water 饮用水Sewage 污水Physical contact 身体接触Allergic reaction 过敏反应Insect scale 介壳虫Severe pain剧烈的疼痛Manual handling 手工处理Disk injuries椎间盘伤害Airborne 空中的On a daily basis 每天Hazard Communications Standard危害通识规定Stipulation 规定、条款Trade name商标名Hy

38、drogen cyanide 制化氢Chemical asphyxiant 化学窒息物质Central nervous system 中枢神经系统Industrial hygiene has been defined as uthat science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sicknes

39、s, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the communityn .工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力 的科学与技术，这些压力产生或来自于工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害 人们的幸福安康、或使工人或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉 到很不舒服”。Noise is a serious hazard when it results in temporary or perman

40、ent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbance, any interference with voice communications, or the disruption of a job, rest, relaxation, or sleep. Noise is any undesired sound and is usually a sound that bears no information with varying intensity. It interferes with the perception of wanted soun

41、d, and is likely to be harmful, cause annoyance, and/or interfere with speech.当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神发生紊乱，对语言交 流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时，它是一种非常 严重的危害。噪音是任何不被期望的声音，它通常是一种强度变化但不 包括任何信息的声音。它干扰人们对正常声音的辨别，可能是有害的, 能使人烦恼，并（或）干扰人们说话。Unit 9 Accident InvestigationAccident Investigation事故调查After-the-fact 事实背后的Ta

42、ke an investigation 进行调查Fact-finding process 寻找事实 的过程Insurance carrier保险公司/承保人Place blame推卸责任Permanent total disability 永久全部劳动力丧失For simplicity 为简单起见Accident prevention 事故预防Investigator collects evidenceInvestigative procedures 调查过程Fact finding寻找事实Operating procedures flow diagrams 操作过程流程图Maintenanc

43、e chart 维修图表Bound notebook 活页笔记本Physical or chemical law 物理或化学定律Table of contents目 5我Narrative 叙事的Counter-measure 干预措施from many sources during aninvestigation, gets information from witnesses and observationas well as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible after an accident, inspects t

44、he accident site before any changes occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of accident scene, records all pertinent data on maps, and gets copies of all reports. Documents containing normal operating procedures flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or abnormalities are pa

45、rticularly useful. Keep complete and accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident conditions, the accident sequence and post-accident conditions. In addition, document the location of victims, witnesses, machinery, energy sources, and hazardous materials.调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据，从证人、旁观者及一些相关 报道

46、中得到信息，在事故发生后尽快的找目击证人谈话，在事故现场遭 到改变前进行检查，对事故场景进行拍照并绘制草图，记录与地形相关 的所有数据，并将所有的报道复印保存。记录常规的操作流程图、维修 图表或对困难、异常现象的报告等非常有用。在活页笔记本中完整准确 的记录。记录事故发生前的环境、事故顺序及事故发生后的环境情况 等。另外，记录伤者、证人、机械、能量来源和危害物质的位置。Unit 10 Safety ElectricitySafety electricity 安全用电 Break contact断开接点/触电Electrical equipment 电力设备 Hot side 图压端Fuse p

47、uller保险丝夹Load side 负荷端Line side线路/火线端Groundfault circuit interrupt漏电保护潜Ground fault接地故障Receptacle电源插座Hot bubs热水澡桶Underwater lighting水底照明Fountains 人工喷泉Ungrounded (hot)conductor 未 接地(高压)导体/火线Neutral conductor 中性导体Fault current故障电流Load cent er载荷中心Panelboard 配电板Branch-circuit 分支电路CB一种多功能插座Plug-in 插入式Ele

48、ctrical shock电击/电击事故Take chance 冒险Labored 困难的Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动Twitching 颤搐Ventricle 心室Artificial respiration人工呼吸Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation心肺复苏术Cardiac arrest 心跳停止Heart stoppage 心脏骤停Lockout上锁Tagout挂牌Bypassing回避/绕过Jammed卡住的/堵塞的Ball valves球形阀ANSI美国国家标准协会Color coded色标/彩色编码Keyed键控制的Rust-r

49、esistant 防锈的Shackle镣铐/钩链Kit 成套设备/装备Lockout/tagout kits are also available. A lockout/tagout kit contains items required to comply with the OSHA lockout/tagoutstandards. Lockout/tagout kits contain reusable danger tags, tag ties, multiple lockouts, locks, magnetic signs, and information on lockout/ta

50、gout procedures. Be sure the source of electricity remains open or disconnected when returning to work whenever leaving a job for any reason or whenever the job cannot be completed the same day.上锁/挂牌成套设备也是可用的。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有必须满足0SHA 上锁/挂牌标准的组件。上锁/挂牌套件中包含有可重复使用的危险标 签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁/挂牌相关的信 息。无论什么

51、原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时，在返回工作的时候 都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状态。Unit 11 Machinery equipment safetyMachinery Equipment Safety 机械设备安全Presses 冲床Lifting plant 起吊设备Scald 烫伤Fragmentation破碎/爆炸Temporary staff 临时人员Dumper truck翻斗车Power presses压力机Lift truck升降式装卸车Elevating work platform 升降台CE marked CE认证标志Subcontractor中间商/转包商Interl

52、ocked guard联锁保护装置Jig模具Push stick 推杆Competent person能胜任安全工作的人Working order正常运转状态Brake function 制动功能Enter a contract 签订合同Power pressure 冲床Gearbox变速箱Chock用垫木垫阻Hot work高温作业Cutting/welding torch 切割火炬/气焊喷灯Retract缩回/缩进Gang or radial drills 排式钻机/摇臂钻床Lathes车床Turret转台Flying chips 匕屑Coolant冷却剂Chuck wrench卡盘扳手Milling machine 磨削机Toll cutter刀具Grinding machine 研磨机Peripheral 外围的Unit 12 Accident analysis in constructionConstruction work 建筑工程Ill-health 不健康Set out陈述/阐明Roof work屋顶工作Erection安装/架设Safety hazard 安全隐患Monetary incentive金钱鼓励Regulato