情态动词用法归纳

1、情态动词用法归纳情态动词有can could, may might, must, have to, shall should, will would, dare dared, need needed, ought to等；情态动词 无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必需与其后的 动词原形 构成 谓语一 、 can, could1) can, could 表示 才能（体力、学问、技能）；can you lift this heavy box. （体力）mary can speak three languages（. 学问）can you skate.（技能）此时可用 be able to 代替；用

2、 be able to 改写上面三个句子；can 只有 一般现在时（ can） 和一般过去式（ could ）；而 be able to 就有 更多的时态；am/is/are able to 一般现在时 ：i am able to do this job, 其它几个自己改写was/were able to 一般过去式 : he was able to do this jobwill be able to 一般将来时 ：i willwon t be able to do this job this afternoon i ll nobt e able to come this afternoon

3、.当表示“经过努力才得以做胜利某事”时应用 be able to ，不能用 can；如： he cant swim,but he is able to cross the river.2) can, could 表示 恳求 和答应；- can i go now. = may i go now.- yes, you can. / no, you can=yet.s,you may./no,you may not.此时可与 may 互换；在 疑问句 中仍可用 could,might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于确定句和答语中；- could i come to see you tom

4、orrow.- yes, you can. no, i m afraid not.3) 表示 客观可能性（客观缘由形成的才能）；they ve changed the timtaeble, so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示估量（惊奇、怀疑、不信任的态度）， 用于 疑问句、否定句和感叹句 中；can this be true.this canbte done by him.how can this be true.二 、 may, might1表示恳求 和答应； might 比 ma

5、y 语气更委婉，而不是过去式；否定回答时可用cant 或 mustnt，表示 “不行以，禁止” ；-might/ mayi smoke in this room.- no, you mustn .t- may/mighti take this book out of the room.- yes, you can. no, you can t / mustn . t用 may i. ？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用can i. ？ 在口语中更常见；2）用于 祈使句， 表示 希望；may you succeed.3 表示估量、可能性 （不用于 疑问句 ）；might 不是 过去式 ，它所表示

6、的可能性比may 小；1he may /mightbe very busy now.2your mother may /might notknow the truth.1三 、 must, have to1) 表示必需、必要 ；you must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，假如是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准） ，而用 neednt, don t have（to不必） .- must we hand in our exercise books today.- yes, you must .- no, you don t have to / you needn t.2)

7、 must 是说话人的 主观看法，而 have to 就强调 客观需要； must 只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式；1 he play isnt interesting, i really must go now. 2 i had to work when i was your age.3) 表示 估量、可能性 （只用于确定的陈述句）1 youre toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 your mother must be waitingfor you now.四、dare, need1) dare

8、 作情态动词用时 , 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared； 1how dare you say i m unfair.2he daren t speak english before such a crowd, dare he.3if we dared not go there that day， we couldn t get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句；在确定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should 代替；1you neednctome so early.2. -

9、 need i finish the work today.- yes, you must . / no, you needn.t3) dare 和 need 作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化；在确定句中，dare 后面常接带to 的不定式；在疑问句和否定句中，dare 后面可接带to 或不带 to 的不定式；而need 后面只能接带to 的不定式；1. i dare to swim across this river.2. he doesn t dareto answer.3. he needs to finish his homework today.五 、 shall, shoul

10、d1) shall 用于 第一人称，征求对方的看法；what shall we do this evening.2) shall 用于 其次、三人称 ，表示 说话人 给对方的 命令、警告、承诺或威逼；1. you shall fail if you don t work警ha告rd.2. he shall have the book when i finish it. 承诺 3. he shall be punished.威逼 六、 will, would1) 表示 恳求、建议 等，would 更委婉；will / would you pass me the ball, please.22)

11、表示 意志、愿望 和决心 ；1. i will never do that again.2. they asked him if he would go abroad.3) would 表示 过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 ；would 表示 过去习惯 时比 used to 正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义；1. during the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. the wound would not heal.4) 表示 估量 和猜想 ；it would be about ten o clock when she left h

12、ome.七 、 should, ought to1) should, ought to表示 “应当”， ought to 表示 义务 或责任， 比 should 语气重；1. i should help her because she is in trouble.2. you ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝说、建议和命令；should, ought to可通用，但在 疑问句 中常用 should ；1. you should / ought togo to class right away.2. should i open the window.3)

13、 表示 估量should , ought to 客观估量 ,must 主观估量 ；1.he must be home by now. 确定他已到家 2.he ought to /should be home by now.不太确定 3. this is where the oil must be.直爽 4. this is where the oil ought to/should be.含蓄 八、 情态动词 + 不定式完成式（ have done ）1) can / could + have done在确定句 中表示“原来可以做而实际上能做某事”，是 虚拟语气 ；在疑问句 或否定句 中表示对

14、过去行为的怀疑或不愿定, 表示 估量 ；1. you could have done better, but you didn t try your best.（虚拟语气）2. he cant have been to that town. （ 估量 ） 3. can he have got the book.（ 估量 ）2) may / might + 不定式完成式（have done ）表示对过去行为的估量 ；不能用于 疑问句 中，没有 虚拟语气 的用法； might所表示的可能性比may 小；1.he may not have finishedthe work .2if we had t

15、aken the other road, we might have arrivedearlier. 3） must + 不定式完成式（have done ）用于 确定句 中，表示对过去行为的估量 ；意为“肯定、想必” ；其疑问、否定 形式用 can，cant 代替；参看 1 can / could + have done 表示 估量 ；1.you must have seen the film titanic.2 he must have been to shanghai. 4） should + 不定式完成式（have done ）用于 确定句 中，表示对过去行为的估量 ； he shou

16、ld have finished the work by now ；表示“ 本应当做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了；可以与 ought to +不定式完成式（ have done ）互换；1. you ought to / should have helped him. but you didn t.2. she shouldn t have taken away my measuring tape, for i wanted to use it.5) neednt + 不定式完成式（ have done ）表示“原来不必做而实际上做了某事”； you needn

17、 t have wateredthe flowers, for it is going to rain.6) will + 不定式完成式（have done ）主要用于其次、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的估量 ； he will have arrivedby now情态动词也可以和动词进行形式或完成进行形式构成谓语：表示“应当正在”，“想必正在”3的意思；why should we be sitting here doing nothing.she might still be thinking about the question you raised. he can't be

18、swimming in such weather.at the moment she may might be playing with her schoolmates.we needn't be standing here in the rain. we might take shelter in the hut over there.情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行形式构成谓语，表示“应当始终在”，“想必始终在”这类意思；【例如】they are sweating all over. they must have been working in the fields. the

19、y may have been discussing the problem this morning.she couldn't have been swimming all day.情态动词部分练习题1) you all those clothes. we have a washing machine to do that sort of thinga) needn't have washedb shouldn't have washedc must not have washedd can not have washed2) john's score on

20、the test is the highest in the class; he last night.a) should studyb should have studiedc must have studiedd must have to study3) the room is in a terrible mess; it cleaned. cet-4, 1996,6a) can't have beenb shouldn't have beenc mustn't have beend wouldn't have been4) nobody knows how

21、 people first came to these islands. they from south america on rafts.a) must have sailedb can sailc might have sailedd should have sailed5) mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. she in her classroom.a) should have beenb must have beenc must bed should be6) bob said he was going to join o

22、ur club but he didn't. he his mind.a) can't have changedb wouldn't have changedc must have changedd shouldn't have changed7) you to town to see the film yesterday. it will be on tv tonight.4a needn't gob had better not goc should not god needn't have gone8) we the letter yest

23、erday, but it didn't arrive.a) must receiveb ought to receivec must have receivedd ought to have received9) with all the work on hand, he to the cinema last night.a) mustn't gob shouldn't have gonec could not god couldn't have gone10) eve was late for class again. she earlier.a shoul

24、d get upb must get upc need to get upd should have got up11) i am feeling sick. i so much chocolate.a needn't have eateb couldn't have eatenc mustn't have eatend shouldn't have eaten12) i didn't send out my application form last week, but i .a hadb would doc should haved might ha

25、ve to13) walking alone in the deserted village, john was scared. he thought he tom to go with him.a might have askedb should askedc must have askedd should have asked14) when i got to the cinema, the film had already started; i there earlier.a ought to getb ought to have gotc must have gotd must get

26、15) the road was muddy. it last night.a must rainedb must have rainedc must be rainedd could have rained16) she can speak quite fluent english. she .a must been in the u.s.a. for some timeb must have been in the u.s.a. for some timec should have been in the u.s.a. for some timed may be in the u.s.a.

27、 for some time17) you should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he .a was used to beb used to bec was used tod use to18 “we didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“he it. ”a mustn't visitb can't have visitedc should have gone to sed may see19) mary my letter, otherwise she wou

28、ld have replied before now.a should have receivedb has receivedc couldn't have receivedd ought to have received20) i you a valuable present for your birthday, but i was short of money.a would have liked to giveb liked to givec have liked to gived would like to give521 “where my umbrella. ”“someb

29、ody it away by mistake.”a is, must have takenb is, must takec have been, must taked is, takes22) what would happen if the director knew you felt that way.a will you supposeb you supposec do you supposed you would suppose23) two eyes see more than one.a canb mayc willd should24) you continue in your

30、efforts and achieve new and greater successes.a wouldb willc mayd should25) we ought to help each other in our work, .a oughtn't web should wec shouldn't wed ought to we26) tom better than to ask dick for help.a shall knowb shouldn't knowc has knownd should have known27) you your tooth p

31、ulled out before it rot completely.a had better gotb had to get betterc had better to getd had better get28) when we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we .a needn't hurryb didn't need hurryc needn't to hurryd needn't have hurried29) it was really very dangerous;

32、you him seriously.a might have injuredb could injurec should have injuredd must injure30) as he had heart attack, he was told that he continue the work.a needn'tb may notc mustn'td can't31) an englishman who not speak italian was once traveling in italy.a mustb couldc mayd might32) i lik

33、e to make a suggestion.a couldb wouldc mustd might33) i know things are hard with you, but you try to get over the difficulties.a canb mayc mustd ought 34 i can't find the recorder in the room. it by somebody.a may have been taken awayb may leavec may take awayd must have taken away635 he the 9:

34、20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.a can reachb could catchc may not catchd couldn't have caught情态动词部分练习题答案1a 2c 3a 4c 5b 6c 7d 8d 9d 10d11d 12c 13d 14b 15b 16b 17b 18c 19c 20a21a 22c 23a 24c 25a 26d 27d 28d 29a 30c31b 32b 33c 34a 35d情态动词专项练习. 单项挑选1.i thought youlike something t

35、o read, so i have brought you some books.a. mayb. mightc. couldd. must2. youto the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.a. needn't to come b. don't need come c. don't need comingd. needn't come3. heyou more help, even though he was very busy. a. might have giv

36、enb. might givec. may have givend. may give4. i help you with some shoes, madam. yes, i would like to try on those brown ones. a. willb. shouldc. mayd. must5. the reason why theyleave wasn't explained to us. a. hadb. had toc. mustd. might6. i searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. i tho

37、ught iit at home. a. leftb. have leftc. might have leftd. could have left7. iasleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.a. could have fallenb. should have fallenc. must have fallend. mustn't have fallen8. the only thing that really matters to the children is

38、how soon theyreturn to their school. a. canb. mustc. have tod. ought to9. i want to go to the chemist's, but yougo with me.a. need notb. must notc. needd. must10. i thought it over, butcome to no conclusion. a. canb. couldc. shouldd. would11. what weget seems better than what we have. a. canb. c

39、ouldc. can'td. couldn t12. my goodness. i've just missed the train.7that's too bad. i am sure youit, if you had hurried. a. could have caughtb. had caughc. would catchd. could catch13. look. what you've done. youmore careful.a. may beb. had toc. should have beend. would be14. i repea

40、t the question. a. shallb. willc. do you want thatd. do15. professor li, many students want to see you.they wait here or outside.a. dob. willc. shalld. are16. youread that book if you don't want to. a. haven'tb. can'tc. mustn'td. needn't17. johnny, youplay with the knife; youhurt

41、 yourself.a. won't; can'tb. can't; shouldn't c. shouldn't; mustd. mustn't; may18. it's nearly seven o'clock. jackbe here at any moment.a. mustb. needc. cand. should19. there were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ita comfortable journey

42、.a. can't beb. shouldn't bec. couldn't have beend. mustn't have been20. tom ought not tome your secret, but he meant no harm.a. have toldb. tellc. be tellingc. having told21. everyone is here.we start the meeting. a. canb. mustc. shouldd. shall22. i parked my car right here but now i

43、t's gone. it.a. must be stolenb. may be stolenc. must have stolend. must have been stolen23. hethe work yesterday, but he didn't.a. must have finishedb. need have finishedc. finishedd. should have finished24. he did not pass the examination. as a good student, he.a. mustn't have failed b

44、. may not have failedc. needn't have failed d. shouldn't have failed25. it be true that albert passed the test in geography. a. mayb. shouldc. couldd. would26. youlead a horse to the water but younot make it drink.a. will; canb. may; canc. may; dared. dare; can27. must we finish the composit

45、ion in class.no, you.a. needn'tb. mustn'tc. won'td. shouldn't28. her eyes were red. she.a. must cryb. must be criedc. must have been cryingd. may cry829. maryhis letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.a. has receiveb. must receivec. couldn't have receivedd. shouldn&#

46、39;t have received30. i told sally how to get here, but perhaps ifor her.a. had to write it outb. must have written it outc. should have written it outd. ought to write it out. 用所给动词的适当形式填空hello. gerry speaking.hello, gerry. it's me john here. why aren't you here at the meeting.well, i'm terribly sorry, but i'm not feeling very well.is that all.we thought you mighthave an accidentorforget the day or something.no, i'm sorry. i was sick all night. i think it mustbe the fish i ate last night.well,i thi