模块VUnit语法PPT课件

1、定语从句第1页/共27页第2页/共27页 一、定语从句的引导词考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作在从句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示关系关系代词代词与关与关系副系副词的词的判定判定who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语(限制性定语限制性定语从句可省略从句可省略)Is he the man who wants to see you？whom人人宾语宾语(限制性限制性定语从句可省定语从句可省略略)He is the man whom I saw yesterday.whose(of whomof which)人或物人或物定语定语Do you know the boy whose father

2、 is an engineer？He lives in a house whose windows (the windows of which) face south.第3页/共27页考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作成分在从句中所作成分典句例示典句例示关系关系代词代词与关与关系副系副词的词的判定判定which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语(限制性限制性定语从句可省略定语从句可省略)A special school which was built last year is near my home. The package (which) you are carrying is abo

3、ut to come unwrapped.that人或物人或物主语、宾语主语、宾语(限制性限制性定语从句可省略，定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定不引导非限制性定语从句语从句)A plane is a machine that can fly. I dont know the man (that) you mentioned.as人或物人或物(在在非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句中也可指中也可指代整个句代整个句子子)主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语As we know，smoking is harmful to ones health. I want to read such/ the same

4、 a book as you read.He is not the same man as he was.第4页/共27页考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作在从句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示关系代词关系代词与关系副与关系副词的判定词的判定when(适当介适当介词词 which)时间时间时间状语时间状语There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.where(适当适当介词介词which)地点地点地点状语地点状语Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.why(for w

5、hich)原因原因原因状语原因状语Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer？第5页/共27页考点考点关系词关系词指代范围指代范围在从句中所作在从句中所作成分成分典句例示典句例示关系关系代词代词与关与关系副系副词的词的判定判定1.表示时间、地点、原因的先行表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句中谓语动词的主语、词作定语从句中谓语动词的主语、宾语时，应用宾语时，应用that或或which，作宾，作宾语时，语时，that/which也可省略。也可省略。2.当先行词是当先行词是case，condition，situation，pos

6、ition，point，stage等名词，表示情况、方面、处境等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词时用关系副词where。I dont believe the reason (which/that) he was late for school for.I dont believe the reason (which/that) he gave me.He had to face the condition where pressure was heavy.当先行词当先行词way意为意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which，that或

7、不用任何关系词这或不用任何关系词这三种形式；三种形式；way不作不作“方式，方方式，方法法”解时，其定语从句的引导词解时，其定语从句的引导词用用that或或which，引导词在定语从，引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。句中作宾语时可以省略。The way (that/in which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(关系词在从句中作状关系词在从句中作状语，相当于语，相当于in this/that way) The way (that/which) he explained to us was

8、quite simple.(关系代词关系代词that/which在从在从句中作宾语句中作宾语)The way (that/which) he showed us leads to the small village.(way意为意为“道路道路”)第6页/共27页 【温馨提示】1.如何选择关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则用关系副词。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 2定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 (1)one of复数名词关系代词

9、复数动词 (2)the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词第7页/共27页 二、关系代词的用法区别及“介词关系代词” 几几组组关关系系代代词词的的区区别别用用that不用不用whichAll that can be done has been done.Please get ready for everything (that) we need.先行词是先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none时时This is the very book that Im looking for.The only t

10、hing that we can do is to give you some money.先行词被先行词被only，any，few，no，very，little等修饰时等修饰时This is the best method that has been used against pollution.先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时形容词最高级、序数词修饰时They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in.先行词为人、物并用时先行词为人、

11、物并用时Which is the bike that you lost？当主句的主语是疑问词当主句的主语是疑问词who或或which时时Our hometown is no longer the city that it used to be.当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时词也在从句中作表语时第8页/共27页典句例示典句例示用法点击用法点击几几组组关关系系代代词词的的区区别别the same.as与与the same.thatShe wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.She wor

12、e the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.the same. as.表示相似的东西表示相似的东西the same.that.表示同一人或物表示同一人或物such/so.as与与such/so. thatThis is such an easy question as I can answer.This is such an easy question that I can answer it.such/so.as(定语从句定语从句)像像那样那样such/so.that(状语从句状语从句)如此如此以以至于至于as与与whichAvatar i

13、s a very successful film，as is known to all .As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；有时还可插入主句中；which引导引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。之后。as意为意为“正如正如”，后面，后面的谓语动词多是的谓语动词多是see，know

14、，expect，say，mention，report等。等。第9页/共27页典句例示典句例示用法点击用法点击介介词词关关系系代代词词Please pass me the book，the cover of which is blue.名名(代代)词介词关系代词词介词关系代词(一般作主一般作主语语)He has ten cousins，three of whom are clever.He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever.数词或形容词最高级数词或形容词最高级of关系代词关系代词(一般作主语一般作主语)This is the famou

15、s singer about whom we have often talked.介词关系代词介词关系代词(一般作状语一般作状语)Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation.介词短语关系代词介词短语关系代词(一般作状语一般作状语)She suffered from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home.介词介词which名词名词(一般在句中作状一般在句中作状语语)He is the man from whose hous

16、e the pictures were stolen.介词介词whose名词名词(一般作状语一般作状语)He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw what was happening.(from wherefrom behind the door)from where为为“介词关系副词介词关系副词”结结构，但也可以引导定语从句，构，但也可以引导定语从句，“介词介词关系代词关系代词”中的介词可根据先行词中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断。或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断。第10页/共27页典句例示典句例示用法点击用法点击特特殊

17、殊定定语语从从句句I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball.分裂式定语从句分裂式定语从句(先行词与关先行词与关系代系代(副副)词分隔词分隔)He made another great discovery，which I think is very important to science.插入式定语从句插入式定语从句(关系代词与关系代词与从句中插入一个句子从句中插入一个句子)I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to impr

18、ove my French.省略式定语从句省略式定语从句(介词关系介词关系代词不定式代词不定式)第11页/共27页 1(2010全国I卷)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，_is named after his grandfather. AwhichBwhere Cwhat Dthat 【解析】句意：小时候，杰克在一所乡村学校读书，那所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行词是a village school，代入定语从句后为“The village school is named after his grandfather.”，由此可见先行词在

19、定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which引导。 【答案】A第12页/共27页 2(2010山东高考)Thats the new machine _parts are too small to be seen. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat 【解析】句意：那就是那台零部件小得看不见的新机器。分析句子成分可知空格后部分是定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，因而使用whose。 【答案】C第13页/共27页 3(2010上海高考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy_ we may return in the nea

20、r future. Aon which Bby which Cto which Dfrom which 【解析】句意：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to“重新利用”，属于固定搭配，故排除含有介词on，by和from的A、B、D项。 【答案】C第14页/共27页 4(2010北京高考)Children who are not active or_ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. Awhat Bwhose Cwhich Dthat 【解析】句意：一些不是很活跃，或者他们的饮食中脂肪含量太高的孩子会很快

21、长胖。先行词为children，or连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为who，第二个引导词为考查点，先行词children在第二个定语从句中与从句中的主语diet形成所属关系：childrens diet，故选B项。 【答案】B第15页/共27页 5(2010陕西高考)The old temple _roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose 【解析】句意：那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在修复当中。此句先行词是the old temple，代入定语从句后为：The old

22、 temples roof was damaged in a storm.由此可知先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。 【答案】D第16页/共27页 6(2010江西高考)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _she would stay for an hour. Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat 【解析】句意：这个女孩准备在培训中心和她姐姐一起上钢琴课，在那里她将待一小时。先行词为the training centre，从句中缺少地点状语

23、，故选where。 【答案】A第17页/共27页 7(2010福建高考)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _life has developed gradually. Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhose 【解析】句意：史蒂芬霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命进化的行星。where在此引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于on the planet。 【答案】B第18页/共27页 8(2010浙江高考)The settlement is home to nearly 1

24、,000 people，many of _left their village homes for a better life in the city. Awhom Bwhich Cthem Dthose 【解析】句意：近千人在这一个小社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。先行词为1,000 people，代入定语从句为many of 1,000 people left their village homes for a better life in the city，关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语且指人，故用whom。 【答案】A第19页/共27页 9(2010重庆高

25、考)In China，the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. Awhere Bwhich Cwhose Dthat 【解析】句意：在中国，城市的数量在快速地增加，其发展被世界所公认。先行词为cities，代入定语从句后为：The cities development is recognized across the world.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故用whose。 【答案】C第20页/共27页 10(2010江苏高考)The newlybuilt cafe，t

26、he walls of_ are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. Athat Bit Cwhat Dwhich 【解析】句意：这家新建的墙体被涂成浅绿色的咖啡厅对我们而言确实是个安静场所，尤其是在辛苦工作之后。先行词为the newlybuilt cafe，代入定语从句为the walls of the newlybuilt cafe are painted light green，因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语且指物，故用which。 【答案】D第21页/共2

27、7页 11(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _I met in the English speech contest last year. Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 【解析】句意：我已经成为去年在英语演讲比赛中所遇到的我校几位学生的好朋友。先行词为several of the students，代入定语从句后为：I met several of the students in the English speech contest last year.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语，先行词