有关锅炉检验的重要性和方法的探析中英互译

1、有关锅炉检验的重要性和方法的探析中英互译about the importance and methods of analysis in the boiler inspection into english木文阐述了锅炉检验的重要性和锅炉检验的内容以及锅炉检验前准备工作，并认真总结了锅 炉检验的方法。this paper expounds the importance of inspection of boiler and boiler inspection and the content of the boiler preparation before inspection, and care

2、fully boiler inspection methods are summarized 一、锅炉检验的重要性the importance of a, boiler inspection锅炉是以水或有机热载体为介质的承压容器，是用火焰加热或用电加热的容器，并以蒸 汽、热水或有机热载体的形式输出热量，这里讨论的锅炉是指锅炉压力容器安全监察暂行 条例规定范围内的锅炉。锅炉在运行过程中，受压元件在高温高压水汽介质作用下,在外部 高温火焰辐射或烟气冲刷下，可能发牛腐蚀、变形、磨损、结垢、过烧、泄漏等缺陷,还会出 现堵灰、结渣等现象，更严車的发牛爆管甚至爆炸事故，如果不及时发现并加以消除，最终将会

3、导致设备破坏。锅炉检验工作就是将锅炉的危险降低到最低限度的-项重要的工作。in water or organic heat carrier boiler pressure vessel for medium, is made of flame heating or electricity heating container, and the output in the form of steam, hot water or organic heat carrier heat boiler discussed here refers to hthe provisional regulations

4、 on the boiler pressure vessel safety supervision regulations within the scope of the boiler. boiler in operation process, the pressure parts under high temperature and high pressure steam medium role, under the outside high temperature flame radiation or flue gas erosion, corrosion, deformation, we

5、ar may occur, scaling, burnt, defects such as leakage, there will be blocking the phenomenon such as ash, slagging, the more serious the happening of the tube explosion accident, even if not discovered in time and try to eliminate, will eventually lead to equipment damage. boiler inspection is to lo

6、wer risk of an important work to a minimum.二、锅炉检验的内容the content of the two, boiler inspection1外部检验可以在锅炉运行过程中进行。其检验内容包括:(1)人孔、手孔、检查孔是否 漏水、漏汽;(2)汽、水阀门和管道的状况;辅助设备运行情况;炉墙、钢架及炉膛燃烧情况;(3) 安全附件是否齐全、灵敏;(4)锅炉的操作规程、岗位责任制、交接班等规章制度的执行情况;(5) 水处理设备运行情况。1. external inspection can be conducted in the process of boil

7、er operation. the inspection items include: (1) manhole, hand hole, check hole leakage, leakage; (2) the steam, the condition of water valve and pipeline; auxiliaiy equipment running status; furnace wall, steel frame and combustion chamber of a stove or furnace; (3) whether safety accessories are co

8、mplete, sensitive; (4) boiler operation procedures, post responsibility system, rules and regulations implementation such as succession; (5) water treatment equipment ope ratio n.2. 内外部检验，乂叫定期停炉检验，它需要在锅炉停炉后进行。内外部检验的重点如下:(1) 上次检验有缺陷的部位;(2)锅炉受压元件的内、外表而，特别是开孔、焊缝、扳边等处有无裂 纹、裂口和腐蚀;(3)管壁无有磨损和腐蚀;锅炉的拉撐以及与被拉元

9、件的结合处有无裂纹、 断裂和腐蚀;(5)胀口是否严密，管端的受胀部分有无环形裂纹,钏缝是否严密，有无苛性脆化;(6) 受压元件有无凹陷、弯曲、鼓包和过热;(7)锅筒和砖衬接触处有无腐蚀，受压元件或锅炉构架 有无因砖墙或隔火墙损坏而发生过热;(8)受压元件水侧有无水垢、水渣，进水管和排污管与锅 筒的接口处有无腐蚀、裂纹，排污阀和排污管连接部分是否牢靠;(9)安全附件是否灵敏、可靠， 水位表、水表柱、安全阀、压力表等与锅炉本体连接的通道育无堵塞;(10)自动控制、讯号系 统及议表是否灵敏可靠。2. internal and external inspection, also called the

10、furnace inspection regularly, it needs to stop at boiler furnace the focus of the internal and external inspection as follows: (1) the last inspection defective parts; (2) boiler pressure parts of interior and exterior, especially the hole, the place such as weld, pull side crack, crack and corrosio

11、n; (3) the vessel is no more wear and corrosion; (4) boiler braced and the dragged element attaches crack, fracture and coitosion; (5) the expansion mouth tight, the bulge part of the tube end presence of circumferential crack, rivet joint is tight, presence of caustic embrittlement; (6) pressure pa

12、rts sag, to bend, bulge and overheating; (7) shell and brick lining contact with or without corrosion, the pressure parts or boiler frame without bricks or firewall damage and prevent excessive; (8) compression element water side have scale, slag, water inlet pipe and drainage pipe and drum interfac

13、e with or without corrosion, crack, drain valve and drain conn ection part is strong; (9) security attachment is sensitive, reliable, water table, water meter column, such as safety valve, pressure gauge connected to the boiler body channels have blocked; (10) automatic control, signal system and th

14、e discussion table is sensitive and reliable.3. 水压试验应按蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察规程的有关规定进行。3 the water pressure test should be according to the msteam boiler safety technology supervision regulation of relevant provisions三、锅炉检验前的准备工作the preparing work before three, boiler inspection1锅炉内部检验:(1)准备好有关的技术资料，包括锅炉制造和安装的技术

15、资料、锅炉使川 登记资料、锅炉运行记录、水质化验记录、修理和改造记录、事故记录及历次检验报告;(2) 提前停炉，放净锅炉内的水,打开锅炉上的人孔、头孔、检查孔和灰门等一切门孔装置,使锅炉 内部得到充分冷却，通风换气;(3)采取可靠的措施隔断受检锅炉与热力系统相连的蒸汽、给 水、排污等管道并切断电源，对于燃油、燃气的锅炉还须可靠的隔断油、气来源并进行通风 冒换；(4)淸理锅炉内的垢渣、炉渣、烟灰等污物;(5)拆除妨碍检查的汽水挡板、分离装置、 给水、排污装置等锅筒内件，并准备好用于照明的安全电源;(6)对于需要登高检验的(离地面 3m以上)部分,应搭手脚架。l boiler internal i

16、nspection: (1) prepare the relevant technical data, including boiler manufacturing and installation of technical data, use the registration data, record, water quality testing of the boiler operation, repair and modification records, accident records and all previous test report; net (2) boiler stop

17、 ahead of time, put the water in the boiler, to open the boiler on the manhole and head hole, inspection hole, and gray door all door opening device, such as the boiler internal fully cooling, ventilation; (3) reliable measures partition client connected to the thermal system of steam boiler, water

18、supply, drainage pipe and cut off power supply, such as the fuel, gas-fired boiler must also the partition of reliable source of oil, gas and ventilation replacement; (4) clean up the scale within the boiler slag, slag, dirt such as soot; (5) demolition of interfere with the inspection of soda baffl

19、e, separation device, water supply, sewage discharge device, such as dium internals, and ready for safe power supply for lighting; (6) for high (more than 3 m above the floor) part of the test, should take a plane2.锅炉外部检验:(1)锅炉外部的清理工作;(2)准备好锅炉的技术档案资料;(3)准备好司炉 人员、水质化验人员、管理人员的资格证件;(4)检验时，锅炉使用单位的管理人员和司

20、炉班长 应到场配合，协助检验工作，并提供检验员需要的其它资料。2. the external external test: (1) boiler cleaning work; (2) prepare boiler technology archives; (3) ready to fire, water quality testing personnel, management personnel qualification certificates; (4) test, use the unit management and monitor of stoker boiler shall at

21、tend to cooperate, to assist the inspection work, and provide the inspector need to other information.3制订检验方案。检验人员应根据待检锅炉的具体情况，确定检验项目和检验方法。対于 额定蒸发量大于20th的蒸汽锅炉或额定热功率人于14mw的热水锅炉,检验人员还应制订检 验方案。3. make the inspection plan. inspecfion personnel should be according to the actual circumstances of the influ

22、enza virus boiler, determine the test items and test methods for rated capacity is more than 20 th steam boiler or thermal power rating is more than 14 mw hot water boiler, inspection personnel should also make the inspection plan.4. 安全监护和配合工作检验时，锅炉使用单位应派锅炉管理人员做好安全监护和配合工 作,并按检验员的要求拆除保温或其他部件。4. safet

23、y monitoring work and cooperate with the inspection, the boiler using unit should send managers do a good job in security monitoring and cooperate and demolished according to the requirements of the checker's insulation or other components四、锅炉检验的方法fourth, boiler inspection method1.外观廿测法。这种方法只需要简

24、单工具,基本上是依靠检验人员的感官來发现问题，它 可以发现钢板表面上产生的缺陷。例如:腐蚀，磨损，明显裂纹，变形，焊缝气孔、咬边以及焊接 不足等。2.锤击检查法。根据小垂弹力，发出声音及振动情况，可対锅炉金属缺陷，裂纹，松动及 严重腐蚀程度、焊缝质量做出正确判断。3.白粉煤汕检查法。当用锤击法发现金属有裂纹象 征吋,为了进一步检查裂纹去向、长度,一般采用此法。4.灯光检查法。用此法可检查锅筒、 集箱、管子等不均匀腐蚀、变形(弯曲或鼓包)和粗裂纹等缺陷。5.拉线检查法。它可以检查 锅筒、集箱，管子的弯曲度。6.直尺检杳法。它可以检查直管子、锅筒内壁板上的腐蚀深度和 平板上的鼓包高度。7.样板检查

25、法。样板是按元件某部分设计尺寸和形状，用薄铁皮或硬纸预 先做好，用它与元件检测部分的实际形状和尺寸进行校核，以检查元件的实际形状，尺寸是否 符合要求。&钻孔检查法。锅炉检验时，如果対锅炉钢板的局部腐蚀处需要测量钢板的残余 厚度咸怀疑钢板有夹层以及检查裂纹深度和发展方向，在缺乏无损探伤仪器时，可以采川钻 孔法。9.川仪器或仪器设备进行检验。包括:超声波测厚仪检查法、超声波探伤、射线探伤、 磁粉探伤、金相、化学分析和性能试验检验等。1. the appearance of the visual method this method need only simple tools, basic

26、ally rely on inspectors senses to found the problem, it can be found on steel plate surface defect. for example: corrosion, wear, cracking, deformation, lack of weld porosity, bite edge and welding, etc. 2. the hammer test. according to the small vertical elastic, sound and vibration, to boiler meta

27、l flaw, crack, loose and severe degree of corrosion, welding quality to make the right judgment. 3. white kerosene checking method. when symbol found crack in metal with hammering method, in order to further check the crack goes, length, genendly adopted. 4. light test. use this method can check the drum, header, pipe and so on is not uniform corrosion, deformation (bending or bulge) and coarse defects such as cracks 5. pull test. it can check the drum, header, pipe bending. 6. ruler test. it can