定语从句.PPT

1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句.2 定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）以分词、介词短语为例） 例：例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk. 定语从句定语从句在英语中，修饰在英语中，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫定语从句。叫定语从句。 例：例：The girl who is behind the tree is K

2、ate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.3eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词放在名词或代词名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副关系代词或关系副词词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。.4关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works

3、in Shanghai. 代替 sisterq普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例：只起代替的作用（如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q关系代词关系代词： （如上例（如上例who/which） 1.代替代替先行词先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分; 3. 同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）主句和从句连起来） The building is our school. The building stands by the river

4、. v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句vwhich/that which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行

5、词行词the building, the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。.6 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),

6、that whose 物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which.7 最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时) (从句从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句

7、中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)The boy who has a round face

8、is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who) everyone likes is kind. (宾语宾语) The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk.

9、 We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人, ,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人, ,作宾语作宾语 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, ,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省) The m

10、an (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.13关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式, , 它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stol

11、en.applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I wrote

12、 with just now? 4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 ( (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略, ,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?.171

13、)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.注意: 固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,

14、介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 关系代词与介词关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略).18 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数序数词词修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I ha

15、ve ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是先行词是 something, nothing, anything等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.193.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是先行词是one o

16、f,the one, 或用或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时作修饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，用时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? .20注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列

17、宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone, someone, those时，时，关系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.21 关系副词

18、关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。 where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点. when: 在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel (which

19、) we stayed at wasnt clean.222.Ill never forget the day. I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League .(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is ve

20、ry who famous in the world. whom that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new. which (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with. whom This is

21、 the best film that I have ever seen. .25 单项选择。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw w

22、ho D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACBDB.266. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Ha

23、nds up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver. A. whom B.who C. which D. whatCCAAB.27 根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：1.This is the engineer _ (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day.2.My necklace is