初中英语八年级下课件-第七单元

1、 八年级(下)unit 7whats the highest mountain in the world?grammar focuswhats the highest mountain in the world?qomolangma.how high is qomolangma?its 8,844.43 meters high. its higher than any other mountain.which is the deepest salt lake in the world?the caspian sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.di

2、d you know that china is one of the oldest countries in the world?yes, i did. its much older than the us.4a. fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.1. the amazon river is one of the _ rivers in the world. its a little _ than the yangtze river.2. qomolangma is 8,844.43 mete

3、rs_. big much popular long old highlongestlongerhigh its one of the most_ places for serious mountain climbers.3. no ocean in the world is as _ as the pacific ocean.4. although japan is _ than canada, it is _smaller.popularbigoldermuche.g. two rivers：_ and _4b. write two comparisons about two topics

4、. write true facts. the yangtze riverthe amazon riverthe yangtze river is almost as long as the amazon river.the amazon is longer than the yangtze, but the yangtze is the longest river in china.two cities：_ and _1._2._ _two animals：_ and _1._ 2._ _4c. write five questions using comparisons. then ask

5、 your partner your questions. _ _ _ _ _what is the highest building in our city?who is the oldest people in our city?what is the most popular street in our city?what is the most delicious food in our city?where is the busiest road in our city?grammar focus(一一)数词数词 numeral数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的数词是用来表示事物的数目

6、和顺序的词。词。数词的分类：数词的分类：1.基数词基数词2.序数词序数词3.分数词分数词今天我们先来学习一下基数词。今天我们先来学习一下基数词。1. 1. 复习复习11001100以内的所有数字。以内的所有数字。2. 2. 掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的表达法。表达法。1、1-19的基数词 one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5 six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10 eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14 fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seven

7、teen 17 eighteen 18 nineteen 192、2090等十位数twenty 20thirty 30forty 40fifty 50sixty 60seventy 70eighty 80ninety 90 twenty-one 21 twenty-two 22 其它的十位数照此类推，如：其它的十位数照此类推，如： thirty-one 31 forty-two 42 seventy-five 75 ninety-six 963、百、千、万 百百 hundred 100 one hundred 200 two hundred 以此类推以此类推 千千 thousand 1 000

8、 one thousand 2 000 two thousand英语里没有英语里没有“万万”这一单位，这一单位，万也用万也用thousand表示。如：表示。如：10 000 ten thousand 一万一万20 000 twenty thousand 两万两万 4、十万、百万十万的说法是：十万的说法是： 100.000 a (one) hundred thousand 200.000 two hundred thousand million 百万百万 a (one) million 1,000,000 two million 2,000,000 以此类推以此类推 8,000,000 eigh

9、t million练一练练一练345100118,657,421three hundred and forty-fiveone thousand (and) oneeighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-one the project lasted 5 years and cost 2 billion dollars.2. the chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.3. one thousand pou

10、nds is a lot of money.表示确定数量时表示确定数量时 用基数词用基数词+ hundred，thousand，million，billion多位基数词读法多位基数词读法457890608389three hundred and eighty-ninefour hundred and fifty-seveneight hundred and ninetysix hundred and eight 102 one hundred and two635 six hundred and thirty-five2)三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三

11、位数加一个逗号，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表加一个逗号，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand, 第二个逗号代表第二个逗号代表million, 第三个逗第三个逗号是号是billion，注意，注意这几个词不能用复数形式，这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加后也不能加and。例如：。例如： 2,648 two thousand, six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million, two hundred and fifty thousand, sixty-four 确切数目与不确切数目的表达确切数目与不确切数目的表达：hundred, t

12、housand, million, billion等前面有等前面有基数词，基数词，表示确切数目时，用单数，后直接表示确切数目时，用单数，后直接接复数名词；接复数名词；如：如：three hundred books one hundred people five thousand students seven million starts表示不确切数目时，这类词后加表示不确切数目时，这类词后加-s且与且与of连连 用。用。如：如： hundreds of people thousands of students millions of birds billions of lions注意：这类短语

13、中，名词前如有定冠词、指注意：这类短语中，名词前如有定冠词、指 示代词或形容词性物主代词时，可加示代词或形容词性物主代词时，可加of, 但但 表示的是范围。如：表示的是范围。如：two hundred of the workers工人中的二百（人）工人中的二百（人）grammar focus(二二)形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级 comparatives and superlatives with adj. and adv.short-shortersmall-smallernicenicersafesafer-bigthinheavyheavierhappyhappierbig

14、biggerthinthinnerdelicious more delicious interesting more interesting important more important carefully-more carefully quickly-more quickly slowly-more slowlyeasily- more easily大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级原级、比较级、最高级。一、一、形容词比较级的构成形容词比较级的构成 1.1.构成的不规则变化构成的不规则变化: : 2. 2.构成的规则变化构成的规则变化: :1

15、. 构成的不规则变化构成的不规则变化:e.g. good / well better best bad / badly worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther / further farthest/ furthest2. 构成的规则变化构成的规则变化:1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾 后加后加-er 构成比较级构成比较级 或或-est构成最高级构成最高级. 如：如： 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级 cold colder coldest bright bright

16、erbrightest young younger youngest2) 以字母以字母 e 结尾的词只加结尾的词只加 r 或或-st 构成构成 比较级比较级和和最高级最高级。 原级原级 比较级比较级 最高级最高级 nice nicer nicest fine finer finest large larger largest3) 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母时时, 先双写这个辅音字母先双写这个辅音字母, 再加再加-er或或-est。如如: big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 4) 以以“辅音字母辅音字母+ y”结

17、尾的双音节词，结尾的双音节词， 先改先改y为为i, 再加再加-er或或-est。如：。如： easy easier easiest happy happier happiest5) 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more 或或most。如：。如： delicious more delicious most delicious interesting more interesting most interesting importantmore important most importantcarefully-more carefully-most careful

18、lyquickly-more quickly -most quicklyslowly-more slowly -most slowlyeasily- more easily -most easily形容词形容词最高级最高级的构成的构成a: tall short quick thick light cool warm quiet wild calm the - esttalltallertallestb: heavy easy tidy dry busy happy healthy hungry earlyy - i- estc: large late nice- st biggestd: bi

19、ghothottestthin “双写双写”thinnestwet wettest fatfattestadjective delicious dangerous interesting popular beautiful careful friendly the most - adj .adjective better best farlittle worse worstmore mostfarther farthestless leastgoodwellbadbadlymany much 1. good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6.

20、many 7. difficult 8. little better best more comfortable most comfortable bigger biggest happier happiest cheaper cheapest more most more difficult most difficult less least 用法：英语中三者或三者以上相比较，表示用法：英语中三者或三者以上相比较，表示“最最” 这样的最高程度概念时，要用这样的最高程度概念时，要用 “the+最高级最高级” 的结构表示。这种句式一般的结构表示。这种句式一般带有表示比较的介词短语，比如带有表示比

21、较的介词短语，比如: in our class, of the three 等。等。例如：例如：wang lin is the tallest in our class. this theater is the cheapest of the three.注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点：注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点： 形容词的最高级形容词的最高级 (1) 表示表示 “最最之一之一” 的句式，要用的句式，要用 one of the +形容词最高级形容词最高级+复数名词。复数名词。例如例如: jingjiang hotel is one of the biggest hotels in our

22、city. lisa is not one of my best friends. (2) 当最高级前面有物主代词或名词所有格时，当最高级前面有物主代词或名词所有格时， 不加定冠词不加定冠词 the。例如：例如：tom is lucys best friend. tuesday is her busiest day.(3) 最高级前可加序数词。最高级前可加序数词。例如：例如：the yellow river is the second longest river in china.(4) 形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。代

23、词时，被修饰的词往往省略。例如：例如：he is the laziest (student) in our class.2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化规则变化 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词比较级一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词比较级直接加直接加-er, 最高级直接加最高级直接加-est。如：。如： clevercleverercleverest cheapcheapercheapest fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest youngyoungeryoungest b. 以以-e 结尾的形容词，比较级结尾的形容词，

24、比较级+ -r,最高级最高级+ -st。如：。如： largelargerlargest nicenicernicest cutecutercutestc. 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变结尾的形容词，变y为为i +er或或+est。 busybusierbusiest heavyheavierheaviest easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest dirtydirtierdirtiestd. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结 尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加+

25、er或或 +est。 如：如： bigbiggerbiggest thinthinnerthinnest fatfatterfattest hothotterhotteste. 多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前+more 构成比较级，构成比较级，+ most 构成最高级。如：构成最高级。如： importantmore importantmost important beautifulmore beautiful most beautiful difficultmore difficultmost difficult 3. 不规则变化：不规则变化：原级原

26、级比较级比较级最高级最高级 good /well better best bad /ill worse worst little less least many /much more most far farther /further farthest /furthest old older /elder oldest /eldest最高级规则变化口诀最高级规则变化口诀：最高级，很容易，一般词尾加最高级，很容易，一般词尾加est。(cheap-the cheapest)词尾若有哑音词尾若有哑音e, 直接就加直接就加st。(close-the closest)重读闭音节重读闭音节, 单辅音字母要

27、双写。单辅音字母要双写。(big-the biggest)辅音字母加辅音字母加y, 记得把记得把y变为变为i。(friendly-the friendliest) 多音节，考考你，多音节，考考你，the most到底加哪里？到底加哪里？(popular-the most popular)1.we are going to the green restaurant for lunch. (就划线部分提问就划线部分提问) _ you going for lunch? 2. sam is the shortest in his class. (改为同义句改为同义句)sam is _ than _ _

28、 student in his class.sam is _ than _ _ students in his class.sam is _ than_ _ in his class.3. how do you like screen city? (改为同义句改为同义句) _ do you _ screen city?where areshorterany otherwhatthink ofshorterthe otheranyone elseshorter练习：改写句子练习：改写句子总 结 late later - latestearly earlier earliestbigbigger-

29、 biggestfluently/difficultmore, most单音节词在词尾比较级单音节词在词尾比较级加加- er或最高级加或最高级加- est以以e结尾的词，只需加结尾的词，只需加r 或或st少数以少数以er,ow 结尾的双音结尾的双音节词加节词加-er -esttalltaller- tallest clevercleverer-cleverestcheap, cold, small, warm, young, highfine, nice, safehappy, busy, dirty, easy, lazy, prettyfat, hot, red, thin, wet, s

30、ad narrow, yellow quickly, slowly, useful, careful, popular, modern, 不规则变化不规则变化 good / well better - best much / many more - most bad / badly / ill worse worst little less least far farther/ further farthest furthest old older/ elder oldest / eldest形容词和副词比较级的用法形容词和副词比较级的用法 1.who runs faster, he or s

31、he?2.he runs faster than she.3.he runs much faster than she.4.he becomes healthier and healthier.5.the more you exercise, the healthier you will be.6.she is less healthy than he.1.表示两者之间的选择表示两者之间的选择, 可用可用“which/who + 比较，比较，or?”.3.much/far/a lot, even ,still ,a little/a bit 修饰比较级修饰比较级,表示程度表示程度.who ru

32、ns faster, he or she?he runs faster than she.he runs much faster than she.4. “比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”表示表示“越来越越来越”5. “the+比较级比较级 , the + 比较级比较级”表示表示“ 越越, 越越 ” 6. 表示不及另一方时，用表示不及另一方时，用“less+原级原级+than” (双音节和多音节词双音节和多音节词)he becomes healthier and healthier.the more you exercise, the healthier you will be.she i

33、s less healthy than he.he is healthier than she.shanghai is becoming more and more modern.1.比较级比较级 + and +比较级比较级 越来越越来越2.the+比较级比较级 , the + 比较级比较级 越越, 越越 3._you are, _mistakes you will make. (你越仔细，做错的题目就越少） 4. _you eat, _youll be.(你吃得越多,就越胖)5. alice writes well. mary writes _ than she. (甚至更好）the mor

34、e carefulthe fewerthe morethe fatter1.the girl becomes _. (越来越漂亮）more and more beautiful2. the weather is getting _. (越来越槽糕）worse and worseeven / still better1.表示三者或三者以上比较表示三者或三者以上比较,可用可用”which/who +最高级最高级,or ?”表示表示.2. 最高级最高级+of/among (同类比较同类比较) in (范围比较范围比较)4.one of + 形容词最高级形容词最高级 +名词复数表示名词复数表示“最最 之一之一”3. 序数词修饰最高级序数词修饰最高级形容词和副词的最高级的用法形容词和副词的最高级的用法who is the tallest, tom , mike , or jack?tom is the tallest of the three.mike is the second tallest student in our class.jack is one of