中考英语语法专项一名词讲解及习题.doc

1、中考语法专项一名词1 .名词的数可数名词一般是个体名词，如a boy（一个男孩），集体名词a family（一个家庭），可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾，头就是a, one, an或物主代词；尾就是复数形式。 规则复数变化形式：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音或原音后读/z/book一books key>keys以。结尾的表示有生命 的名词加es读/z/tomato>tomatoes potato>potatoes以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 的名词加-es读/iz/bus一buses watch 一 watches box一boxes以 ce,

2、 se, ze, (d) ge 等结尾的名词加-s读/iz/casecasesorange 一 oranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾 的名词变y为i, 再加-es读/z/family 一 families party 一 parties以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为 v,再加-es读/z/kniffe一 kniveslealeaves不规则复数变化形式:变内部元音字母foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth- teeth, man-men词尾加enchild-children, ox-oxen单复数同形fish, sheep, deer, means, chinese, y

3、uan, jin, li特殊的复数形式：1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a, one, two等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体”。the police警察（指全体警察）the english英国人（指全体英国人）the french法国人（指全体法国人）2）复合名词a woman teacherwomen teachers 女教师an englishman一englishmen 英国男子a grown-up一grown-ups 成人a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law 内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯2.不可数名词专有名词：nba全美篮球

4、协会 michael jackson迈克杰克逊 thewestlake西湖物质名词：液体：milkwaterteacoffeejuiceoil(油)肉类：beefchickenmuttonpork天气：weather rainsnowwindlight 光其他：news（新闻，消息）bread（面包）抽象名词：fun love luckdutykindness 善 良 happiness 幸福 progress 进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。 tea一 different kinds of teas 不同种类的茶food食品 一 all kinds of food

5、s各种各样的食品fruit水果 一 all kinds of fruits各种各样的水果glass玻璃一 a glass 一个玻璃杯 一 glasses眼镜、玻璃杯不可数名词量的表示法a cup/bag/piece/bottle/glass/slice.a pair of3. 【名词的格】1）.表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。 一般在单数或复数名词后加一's。如：tom's chair； the children's bedroom 以一s结尾的复数名词后直接加如：the students' reading room 并列名词j表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加&

6、#39;s；1因示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加，s。如：tom and mike's father汤姆和迈克的父亲（俩人共有的父亲）tom's and mike's fathers汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲） 表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词（如shop等）可以省略。如：at tom's在汤姆家里at the tailofs在裁缝店at a chemist's在药店2）.表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。如：the covers of the book（s）书的封面a photo of m

7、y family 一张我家的全家福注意：表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长.也可用“of+名词”的形 式。如：the works of lu xun, lao she and mao dunthe founding of the people's republic of china 中华人民共和国的成立 表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用一m 如：yesterday's newspaper昨天的报纸 five minutes' drive开车五分钟的路程 。f短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如：a map of

8、 the world 世界地图 a ring of gold 金戒指 某些习惯用法中。f短语不能替换's结构。如：teachers' office教师办公室 children's book儿童读物中考英语试题对名词的考查重点是：1.可数名词与不可数名词；2.可数名词的复数变 化；3.不可数名词量的表示法；4.名词所有格；5.名词作定语；6.在特定的语境中考查 名词词义。4、名词作定语中考引路一how manyteachers are there in your school?_ themover two hundred.a. woman; the number of;

9、isb. women; the number of; isc. woman; a number of; isd. women; a number of; are用法详解名词用作定语时，通常用其单数形式。例如：a football player 一名足球运动员；many banana trees许多香蕉树但是常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时要用复数形式。例如：a sports meet 一场运动会；a glasses store 一家眼镜店man, woman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，须随所修饰名词的数而定。例如：a man doctor 一 名男医生；two women teachers

10、 两名女教师5、在特定的语境中考查名词词义中考引路1. would you please pass me something to drink?一 what about some?a. beefb. fishc. juiced. bread2. mrs. wang was sent to teach english in a poor mountain village last year.she said she would never forget some pleasantwhile working there.a. experiments b. expressions c. experi

11、ences d. emotions练习一.名词（可数名词与不可数名词、名词的复数形式、名词的所有格） 典型题练习：1. -what a good-my pleasure.a. information b.news c.suggestiond.advicethere are millions of websites on the internet and therea lot of usefulon the websites.a. are; informations b.are; informationc.is; information d.is;informations-can you ima

12、ginegreat progress in your study with no plan?-if you fail to plan, you plan to fail. success doesn't happen like magic.a. to make b.making ac.makingd.to make athe theme park is about ride from the museum. you should start out right now.a. two hour b. two hour'sc. two hours* d. two hourshe t

13、hought the painting was of little, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.a. costb. price c. valued. money-how soon shall we start the bicycle trip?you ve given me! thanks a lot..6.7.8-9.a. in three days*b. after three daysc. in three days* timed. after three day's timebritish people ea

14、ta lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways.a. chickenb. beefc. fishthe music made me think of theof a running stream.a. shoutb. noisec. voice-oh, my god! we have missed the last bus. what shall we do?-tm afraid we have nobut to take a taxi.a. choiceb. decision c. reason-could you tell me

15、the of making such tasty cakes?-well, i just follow the instructions in the cookbook.a. timeb. method c. costd.could you takefor these? they are very beautiful.a. any photos; tomatoesb. some photos; tomatoesd. potatoesd.soundd. information10.11.menu7.28.

16、2.33.34.c. some photos; tomatosd. any photos; tomatosthe two cities have reached anto develop science and technology.a. education b. excitementc. agreementit's youras a teacher to protect your students.a. dutyb. hobbyc. habit-oh, dear! there isn't enoughfor us in the lift.-no hurry

17、. let's wait for the next.a. floorb. seatc. room-judy, i guess you are only twenty-five years old, is that true?-oh, its a.a. suggestion b. secretc. reasonjennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full ofa. knowledgeb. energyc. changethe students of grade 7 visited mike's

18、farm and saw manya. birdb. duckc. sheepi'm going to the supermarket to buy somethis afternoon.a. paper and pencilb. apples and bananac. milk and eggsd. bowl and spoons-why are you late, jim?-because therea lot of traffic when i came here.a. isb. arec. wasnone of them talked. they finished their

19、meal in.a. silenceb. orderc. place-finding information is not a big deal today.-well, theis how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.a. courage b. messagec. challenged. knowledge以下为:根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 the boy wanted to divide the apple into(half).the tall player doubts whether his weight affects his(foot)?does the little boy look forward to acting as one of the(hero) in the game?someone is burning the(leaf). we must stop him from doing so, for it willpollute the environment.the tourists are told that all tibetans, male and female, carry how many(scarf) did you