【高考英语专题】高考英语虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood讲义

1、虚拟语气 subjunctive mood一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的 与事实相反的愿望。二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。a.和现在事实相反的假设if从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它 （be动词用were）主语+would/should/could/might+ 动词原形+其它如：if i were you, i would study hard.if he had enough money, he would

2、buy a computer.b.和过去事实相反的假设if从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+had been done+其它（被动）主语+would/should/could/might +have done主语+would/should/could/might +have been done（被 动）女口: if you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him. if they had been treated in time, they would not have died.c.和将来事实相反的假设if从句主句主

3、语+were to do+其它 主语+动词过去式+其它 主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如:if i were to do it, i would do it in another day.if it rained tomorrow, we wouldn't be able to go on picnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。if从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+would/should/could/ might +be+表语 主语+would/s

4、hould/could/might +be+doing 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形三、注意点 如果从句中有were> had或者should时，则可以省略if,并将were> had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装, 但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。如: were i to be young again, i would study medicine.=if i were to be young again, i would study medicine.had you not left so early, you might h

5、ave missed the train.=if you had not left so early, you might have missed the train. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with, without, but for.如: without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.=but for your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.=if it had not been for

6、your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.=had it not been for your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. 在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or, or else, otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。如: you did what you were asked to, otherwise you would have been punished. 如果句子中有短语for fear th

7、at, lest, in case时，要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。 出口: he is working hard for fear that he fail. 如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了 but,后面句子则不用虚拟语气。如 :i would have come earlier, but i didn't know that you were waiting fbr me.the house would have been burnt down but the firefighters arrived in time.四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应

8、用1 .虚拟语气用在宾语从句中a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中，不表示“和事实相反的假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议。“一、二、三、四""一坚持 insist 二命令 order, command 三建彳义 advise, suggest, propose 四要求 ask, require, request, demand,虚拟形式"在从句谓语动词前加should, should可以省略。my teacher suggested that i （should） spend more time learning english.注意:当suggest翻

9、译成“暗示、表明”；insist翻译成“坚持认为、坚持说”，坚持的是一种事实，而不是表示一种命令或者要求时,不应该用虚拟语气,应该用陈述语气。the smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.the man insisted that he had never stolen the monry.b.在would rather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气。would rather对现在、将来虚拟：一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去的虚拟：过去完成时(had doneoi would rather you

10、 came tomorrow.i would rather they didn't hear of the news.c. wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在虚拟一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去虚拟过去完成时(had done)对将来虚拟过去将来时(would do)i wish i were a flying bird and could fly freely in the sky.i wish i had met that film star yesterday.how i wish it would be fine tomorrow!注

11、意：how i wish.=if only（要是就好了），虚拟和wish虚拟用法一致。2. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中a. it is/was +adj.+ that+ 主语+should do （should 可以省略）adj: advisable, desirable, impossible, normal, necessary, possible.it is natural that he （should） think so.it was necessary that the plan should be planned carefully.b. it is/ was+ n.+ that+主

12、语+should do（should 可以省略） 表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组，如:a fact, a good thing, a pity, a shame, a wonder . 表示“请求、命令、建议、决心"等意义的名词，如 advice, demand, decision, order, proposal, requirement, suggestion .it is a pity she should say so.it was her order that the matter should be discussed. it is/was+过去分词+that+

13、主语should do（should可以省略）用在该句型中的动词过去分词表示“请求、命令、建议”等。it is requested that miss li should give a performance at the party. it is （high） time that+ 主语+did/should do, should 不可以省略 到做.的时间了。3 .虚拟语气用在表语从句中用在 advise, idea, order, plan, suggestion, demand, proposal 等后面的表语从句，需用"should do”构成谓语，should 可以 省略。

14、what i suggest is that we should start the work at once.his order is that the meeting should be called off.4 .虚拟语气用在同位语从句中当demand, insist, decide, determine, recommend, suggest这些动词的名词形式后跟同位语从句时，要用虚拟语气，用 should do表示虚拟。not all of them agreed to my suggestion that more money should be given to them.his

15、 request that he should be given a rise was turned down at the meeting.5. 虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中,in order that, so that用情态动词i got up early this morning so that i could catch the bus to boston.6. 在as if, as though引导的方式状语从句中a. as if, as though引导的状语从句是否用虚拟取决于从句所描绘的情况，如果情况与事实相符就可以不用虚拟，否则 就要用虚拟语气。it looks as if i

16、t is going to rain. she acted as if nothing had happened.b. 对将来的虚拟 as if/as though+主语+would/could/should/might +do （动词原形）it looks as if the old man could live another 10 years.c. 对现在的虚拟as if/as though+主语+did（动词过去式）the old man is lying on the ground as if he were dead.d. as if/ as though+主语+were doin

17、g（对现在进行虚拟）they ran as fast as they could as if a ghost were chasing them.e. as if7as though+主语+had done（对过去事实的虚拟）he ate as if he hadn't had a meal for years.同步练习1. theyhave arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.a.willb.canc.mustd.should2. where are the children? the dinner's goin

18、g to be completely ruined.1 wish they always late.a. weren't b. hadn't been c. wouldn't be d. wouldn't have been3. maybe if i science, and not literature then, i would be able to give you more help.a. studied b. would study c. had studied d. was studying4.1 sooner but i didn't kn

19、ow that they were waiting for me.a. had come b. was coming c. would come d. would have come5. 1 left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.how unbelievable to get it back! i mean, someoneit.a. will have stolen b. might have stolen c. should have stolen d. must ha

20、ve stolen6. pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.1it, but i was busy preparing for a job interview.a.attendedb.had attendedc.would sttendd.would have attended7.1 through that bitter period without your generous help.a. couldn't have gone b. didn't go c. wouldn't god. hadn'

21、;t gone8. itbe the postman at the door. it's only six o'clock.a. mustn'tb.can'tc.won'td.needn't9. wejohn's name on the race list yesterday but fbr his recent injury.a.will putb. will have putc. would putd. would have put10. -sorry, professor smith. i didn't finish the

22、 assignment yesterday.-oh, youhave done it as yesterday was the deadline.a. mustb. mustn'tc. shouldd. shouldn't11. bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-a. was busy b. is busyc. had been busy. d. will be busy12. if he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.a. followedb. should fol

23、low c. had followed d. would follow13. john went to the hospital alone. if he me about it, i would have gone with him.a. should tell b. tells c. told d. had told14. george is going to talk about the geography of his country, but i'd rather hemore on its culture.a. focus b. focusedc. would focus

24、d. had focused15. if wethe other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.a. take b. had taken c. took d. have taken16. the weather has been very hot and dry.yes. if it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! and my vegetables _.a. wouldn't die b. didn't die

25、c. hadn't diedd. wouldn't have died17. had i known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .a. would have been saved b. had been saved c. will be saved d. was saved18. but for the help of my english teacher, ithe first prize in the english writing competition.a. would n

26、ot winb. would not have won c. would win d. would have won19. this printer is of good quality. if itbreak down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.a. wouldb. shouldc. couldd. might20. he did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.a. could express b. would

27、express c. could have expressed d. must have expressed21. what a pity!considering his ability and experience, hebetter.a.need have done b.must have done c.can have doned.might have done22. 一i'm sorry.iat you the other day.forget it.i was a bit out of control myself.a.shouldn't shoutb.shouldn

28、't have shouted c.mustn't shoutd.mustn't have shouted23. thank you for all your hard work last week.i don't think weit without you.a.can manageb.could have managed c.could manage d.can have managed24. it was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.he would be still alive today if hethat drug.a. not takeb. shouldn't have taken c. didn't taked. hadn't taken25. the order came that t