初中英语语法复习大全

1、语法 grammar名词名词 n. （一）概述 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是： 人的名字 li ming, tom 地方名称 china, london 职业称呼 teacher, doctor 物品名称 pencil, dictionary 行为名称 study, invention 抽象概念 history, grammar （二）名词的分类（二）名词的分类专有名词 &普通名词可数名词 &不可数名词1专有名词专有名词 主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。如：如：mary，b

2、eijing，americans, english，may, saturday, easter gone with the wind 2普通名词普通名词 除专有名词外，其它都属于普通名词。如： boy，classroom，book, bag, aunt, family, juice, milk, age, childhood分类：分类：专有名词（专有名词（） or 普通名词（普通名词（）？saturday, tea, zhanghua, rain, west lake，enemy, computer, beauty, mrs. green weather, peace, ice-cream,

3、russians, journey to the west 1.可数名词（ countable noun）可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。如：如：book, girl, ruler, room, apple, box, bus, watch, day, zoo2.不可数名词（ uncountable noun）不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。如如: water, milk, coffee, tea, rice, bread, work,study, love 分类：分类：可数名词

4、（可数名词（） or 不可数名词（不可数名词（）？boy, knife, peace, potato, wind, tomato, hero, music, pleasure, map, radio, technology, desk, egg当然，也有特殊的哦！当然，也有特殊的哦！1.既可以当可数名词又可以当不可数名词：既可以当可数名词又可以当不可数名词： 可数可数 不可数不可数glass papertime orangeadvice tiniron 玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃玻璃报纸，试卷报纸，试卷纸张纸张次数，时代次数，时代时间时间橙，橘子橙，橘子橙汁，橙色橙汁，橙色劝告劝告; 建议建

5、议 通知，公函，消息通知，公函，消息锡锡 罐头罐头铁铁 熨斗熨斗 在中文是可数，英文却不可数：在中文是可数，英文却不可数：如：如： money ，cloth ，bread ， hair ，meat， furniture， rice ，news 因此，平时因此，平时要多积累要多积累哦！哦！可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化：规则变化：一般情况一般情况 在词尾加在词尾加-s：deskdesks ；daydays； girlgirls 以以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词结尾的词 在词尾加在词尾加-es： bus buses； boxboxes； watchwatches以辅音字母加

6、以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词 变变y为为i再加再加-es： familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties 以以f或或fe 结尾的词结尾的词 变变f或或fe为为v再加再加-es: knifeknives; lifelives; wifewives; halfhalves important !lets practice!i. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 7. dish _ 8. family _ 9. boy _ 10. monkey _ 11.

7、 box _ 12. knife _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. leaf_ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _housesvillagesmapsorangesbagsdishesfamiliesboysmonkeysboxesknivesclassesfactoriesleavesdictionarieswatches2.不规则变化：不规则变化：1）以）以o结尾加结尾加-es： potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes negro negroes2)字母字母a变变e: manmen, womanw

8、omen, frenchmanfrenchmen, policeman-policemen3)字母字母oo变变ee:toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese但：但：german germans human humans4)单复数同形：单复数同形：sheepsheep, deerdeer, fishfishchinese-chinese, japanese japanesecattle cattle5)其他：其他：childchildren, mousemice,medium media, basis bases不同国籍的人不同国籍的人的复数形式：的复数形式：1）加-s:

9、australian australians russian russiansitalian italians greek greeksamerican americans indian indianscanadian canadians german germans2)变变a为为e：englishman englishmenfrenchman frenchmen3）单复数同形：）单复数同形：chinese chinese japanese japaneseswiss swiss exercises!1. match _ 2. man _ 3. german _ 4. tomato _5. p

10、oliceman _ 6. kilo _ 7. human _ 8. potato _ 9. chinese _ 10. shelf _11. japanese _ 12. american_13. life _ 14. tooth _15. wife _ 16. foot _ 17. knife _ 18. sheep _19. half _ 20.key_matchesmengermanstomatoespolicemenkiloshumanspotatoeschineseshelvesjapaneseamericanslivesteethwivesfeetknivessheephalve

11、skeys3.3.合成名词的复数形式：合成名词的复数形式： 有有，主体变为复数主体变为复数 father-in-law fatherfather-in-law fathers s-in-law (-in-law (岳父，公公）岳父，公公）无无，结尾加，结尾加“ s s ” grown-up grown-up grown-up grown-ups s （成年人）（成年人） go-between go-betweengo-between go-betweens s （媒介者媒介者; ;中间人）中间人） 如果其中有如果其中有manman或者或者womanwoman，则两个都要变复数，则两个都要变复数

12、 woman doctor womwoman doctor wome en doctorn doctors s man doctor m man doctor me en doctorn doctors scan you try?把下列名词变复数形式：looker-on woman singer sister-in-law man cookpasser-by housewifebride-to-be woman doctorschoolroomlookers-onwomen singerssisters-in-lawmen cookspassers-byhousewivesbrides-to-

13、bewomen doctorsschoolrooms名词 n.period 21、orange_ 2、class_ 3、text _ 4、monkey_ 5、piano_ 6、child_ 7、shelf _ 8、bed_ 9、country_ 10、family_ 11、toy _ 12、foot _ 13、japanese_14、radio_ 15、photo_ 16. army_ 17.cattle_ 18.australian_brainstorm!orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamiliest

14、oysfeetjapaneseradiosphotosarmiescattleaustralianslets learn more!不可数名词的量的表达：不可数名词的量的表达：可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量,如如:a piece of, a cup of, a bag of, a glass of, a kilo of一张纸一张纸 a piece of paper三张纸三张纸 three pieces of paper 一包大米一包大米 a bag of rice十包大米十包大米 ten bags of rice*可数名词也可以这样表达量可

15、数名词也可以这样表达量,但要用复数形式：但要用复数形式：a box of books five bags of applesten kilos of oranges也就是短语里面可数名词可数名词要变复数的都变复数哦！常用量词总结常用量词总结a glass of 一玻璃杯 a cup of 一杯a bottle of 一瓶 a bag of 一包，一袋a box of 一盒；一箱 a piece of 一张(一片,块)a kilo of 一公斤；一千克a basket of 一篮 a pair of 一对，一双，一副a group of 一群，一队，一组lets try!1、三杯水 2、五杯茶

16、3、一公斤米4、二十箱书5、三篮子蔬菜 6、八双鞋子7、十杯牛奶 8、五块肉 9、一副眼镜 three glasses of waterfive cups of teaa kilo of ricetwenty boxes of booksthree baskets of vegetableseight pairs of shoesten glasses of milkfive pieces of meata pair of glasses名词所有格：1) 一般情况加一般情况加 -s：childrens books 儿童图书儿童图书 todays paper 今天的报纸今天的报纸(2) 带词尾带

17、词尾-s的复数名词只加的复数名词只加 ()：girls school 女子学校女子学校 the smiths car 史密斯家的小汽车史密斯家的小汽车（3）注意以下情况：）注意以下情况：toms and jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆(各自各自)的房间的房间tom and jims room 汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆(共同共同)的房间的房间一一.用名词所有格填空：用名词所有格填空：1.they are going to their _ home.(grandparents)2.the _ shoes are behind the door.( boy)3.this shop sells

18、 _ clothes only. ( men)4.those are my _ cars. ( friends)5.we are cleaning the _ stables. (horses)exercisesgrandparentsboysmensfriendshorses6. do you know where this _ handbag is ? ( lady)7. many of my _ houses were robbed. ( neighbours)8.the _ uniforms are red. ( player)9.these are the _ toys. ( chi

19、ldren)ladysneighboursplayerschildrens1. _ room is next to their parents. a. kates and joans b. kates and joan c. kate and joans d. kate and joan2.june 1 is _. a. childrens day b. childrens day c. childrens day d. childrens day 3. - whose room is this? - its _. a. li ming b. li mings c. li mings d. l

20、i mings 4.the woman over there is _ mother.a. julia and shelleys b. julias and shelleysc. julia and shelley d. julias and shelley 二二.选择填空选择填空：+ english is spoken by many people in the world. 主语主语+ this is a pencil-box. 表语表语+ i like english, but i like chinese better. 宾语宾语+ our english teacher is dri

21、nking water. 定语定语+ mr. black, our teacher, is from england. 同位语同位语+ i am going to see a film this evening. 状语状语+ miss wang is considered a good teacher. 补语补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语exercises p331.主语2.表语3.状语4.同位语5.宾语review：一一.变复数变复数： 1. chinese _ 2. shelf _ 3. russian _ 4. american_

22、 5. life _ 6. tooth _7. deer _ 8. piano_9.mouse_ 10.goose_11.hero_ 12.swiss_chineseshelvesrussiansamericanslivesteethdeerpianosmicegeeseheroesswiss一玻璃杯一茶杯一瓶一包，一袋一盒；一箱一张(一片,块)一公斤；一千克一篮子一对，一双，一副一群，一队，一组a glass of二、常用量词总结二、常用量词总结a cup ofa bottle ofa bag ofa box ofa piece ofa kilo ofa basket ofa pair of

23、a group of1. today is september 10th. its _ day. a. teacher b. teachers c. teachers d. teacher 2. this is _ ball. its not _ . a. the boys, girls b. the boys, the girls c. the boy, the girl d. boys, girls 3. this year, _ is on may 9th. a. my mothers brithday b. my mothers brithday c. my mothers brith

24、day d. my motherss brithday4. these are _ books. li lin bought some at the sun bookstore and jill bought some at the blue sky bookstore. a. li lins and jill b. li lin and jills c. li lins and jill d. li lins and jills 三、名词所有格三、名词所有格动词动词 v.语法语法 grammar一、概述 动词是表示动作或状态的词。如： help，see，go，come, run, fly,l

25、ook, seem, get, become,can,may动词的基本形式1.动词原形2.第三人称单数3.现在分词4.过去式和过去分词important！第三人称单数第三人称单数:1在动词原形后加-s runruns 2以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teachteacheswashwashesgogoes passpasses 3以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-es trytries fly flies过去式与过去分词（规则变化）过去式与过去分词（规则变化） 1.在动词原形后加-ed; 词尾有e的加-d. work-workedlike-liked2.以辅

26、音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i再加-ed carry-carriedstudy-studied3以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写再加-ed stop-stoppedrob-robbedexercises按要求写出动词的形式:1.wash2.match3.stop4.make5.read6.play7.watch8.guess第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词原形原形washeswashing washedwashedmatchesmatching matched matchedstopsstoppingstoppedstoppedmakesmak

27、ingmademadereadsreadingreadreadplaysplayingplayedplayedwatches watching watched watchedguessesguessing guessedguessed 9.study10.finish11.go12.snow13.carry14.teach15.do16.say原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词studiesstudied studiedstudyingfinishes finishing finished finishedgoesgoingwentgonesnows

28、snowing snowed snowedcarries carrying carriedcarriedteaches teachingtaughttaughtdoesdoingdiddonesayssayingsaidsaid动词period 2&3lets review what we learned yesterday! e原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词 destroysdestroyeddestroyingcatchescatchingcaughtcaughtdancesdancingdanceddancedworrysworryi

29、ngworriedworriedgetsgettinggotgotwashes washing washedwashedsingssingingsangsungcomescoming camecomedestroyed动词的时态动词的时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时1、一般现在时的标志词： every时间状语（如时间状语（如every day）,on sundays, at the weekend, often, always, sometimes, usually，没标志没标志等。如：she

30、 does her homework every day. my father usually goes to work by bus.2、一般过去时的标志词： yesterday; “in + 过去年、月份过去年、月份”，last短语短语；ago短语；短语；just now, once(从前从前)。如：i went to see a film yesterday. she worked in that factory last year.用适当的动词形式填空：用适当的动词形式填空：exercises 1. there _ a telephone call for you just now.

31、(be)2. people usually _ (eat) dinner in the evening . 3. his sister always_(go) to school at 7:00 a.m . 4.tom and mary _ (come) to china last month. 5.jenny and danny sometimes_(play) games in the afternoon . 6.mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.waseatgoescameplaydidnt go7.my mother _

32、(not do) housework yesterday.8. she _(not visit) her aunt two days ago. 9. there _ (be) no one here a moment ago. 10. lin tao _ (like) his new sweater .11. there _( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家乡家乡) in 1940.12. where _you_(have)lunch every day? didnt dodidnt visitwaslikeswerent dohave3、 一般

33、将来时的标志词：tomorrow(morning); next 时间状语；时间状语；soon; “in+一段时间一段时间”；“in + 未来年、月份未来年、月份”；before longmary will go shopping tomorrow.jane is going to travel abroad in two days.4、 现在进行时的标志词：now; these days; look(at); listen(to)等等look! the cat is chasing the mouse.my sister is doing her homework now.exercises

34、!1.he _(come)back in a week.2.she_(be)a conductor of a train soon.3.listen! she_(sing )in the classroom.4. li ming _(be)ten years old next year.5.look!the boy over there_(play) a model plane.6.china _(become)a modern and strong country before long.will comewill beis singingwill beis playingwill beco

35、me7.we often_(buy)books and things like that in the shop. 8.i _（leave）in a minute. i _（finish）all my work before i _ （leave）.9.-what are you doing? -i_(do) my homework.10. the day after tomorrow they _(watch) a volleyball match.11.they _(hold) a birthday party this sunday.12._you _(work) hard from n

36、ow on?buywill leavewill finishleaveam doingwill watchwill holdwill work5、现在完成时的标志词：already; yet; just; ever; never; “for +一段时间一段时间”，“since短语或从句短语或从句”等i have already spent all of my money. we have seen that film before. exercises !1. i already (see) the film. i_ (see) it last week.2. he (finish) his

37、work today? not yet. 3. you (be) to hong kong? yes, i _ (be) there twice.4.my father just (come) back from work. he is tired now.5. wheres li ming? he (go) to the teachers office.haveseenhasfinishedhavebeenhave beenhascomehas gonesaw6. i (work) here since i (move) here in 1999.7. so far i (make) qui

38、te a few friends here.8. how long the wangs (stay) here ? for two weeks.have workedmovedhave madehavestayedremember?what have we learned?lets review again!1、一般现在时的标志词： every时间状语（如时间状语（如every day）,on sunday, at the weekend, often, always, sometimes, usually，没标志没标志等。如：she does her homework every day.

39、my father usually goes to work by bus.2、一般过去时的标志词： yesterday; “in + 过去年、月份过去年、月份”，last短语短语；ago短语；短语；just now, once(从前从前)。如：i went to see a film yesterday. she worked in that factory last year.3、 一般将来时的标志词：tomorrow(morning); next 时间状语；时间状语；soon; “in+一段时间一段时间”；“in + 未来年、月份未来年、月份”；before longmary will

40、go shopping tomorrow.jane is going to travel abroad in two days.4、 现在进行时的标志词：now; these days; look(at); listen(to)等等look! the cat is chasing the mouse.my sister is doing her homework now.5、现在完成时的标志词：already; yet; just; ever; never; “for +一段时间一段时间”，“since短语或从句短语或从句”等i have already spent all of my mon

41、ey. we have seen that film before. come on! try again!exercises 用动词的适当形式填空：用动词的适当形式填空：1. tom _ (not listen) to the radio every morning. 2. i _ (come) to see you again before long. 3. _ your uncle _ (have) a meeting last friday? 4. how many classes _ you _ (have) every day? 5. its seven in the evening, toms family _ (watch) tv. 6. listen! who _（sing）in the next room? doesnt listenwill comedidhavedohaveare watchingis singing7.