6月四级真题详解段落匹配

1、section bdirections: in this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is mark

2、ed with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.本文主要介绍了少数人拥有超强记忆的原因，讨论了他们的幸运和不幸。the blessing and curseof the people who never forget 拥有超强记忆之人的福与祸a handful of people can recall almost every day of their lives in enormous detail and after years of research，

3、 neuroscientists are finally beginning to understand how they do it.有少数人几乎能回忆起他们生活中每天的大量细节。经过多年研究之后，神经科学专家终于开始了解他们是怎么做到的。hsame） highlysuperior autobiographical memory （or hsam for short）, first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named jill price. emailing the neuroscientist and mem

4、ory researcher jim mcgaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12. could he help explain her experiences?e）（ 43）这种“超级自传体记忆 ” （简称 hsam ）首次进入公众视野是在21 世纪初。一天，一位名叫古尔普莱斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉姆麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起 12岁以来每一天的生活。麦克高夫能否帮助解释她的经历？43. a young woman sought ex

5、planation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.43.【定位】由题干中的 a young woman， explanation 和 brain scientist 定位 到文章e）段。e）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段提到，一位名叫吉尔 普菜斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉姆麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起 12岁以来每一天的生活。麦克高夫能否帮助解释她的经历？题干中的 her unusualmemory 是对定位段中 she could recall every day of her life sin

6、ce the age of 12 的概括。整个题干是对定位段的概括归纳，故答案为 e）。36. people with hsam have the same memory as ordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.拥有 “超级自传体记忆 ”者在记忆非个人信息方面和普通人一样。37. fantasy pronenesswill not necessarily cause people to develophsam .幻想倾向不一定会导致人们形成 “超级自传体记忆 ” 。38. veiseh began to rememb

7、er the details of his everyday experiences after he met his first young love.在遇到自己的初恋后，维瑟开始能记住生活中的每个细节。人名，专有名词易定位一一b） c）段39. many more people with hsam started to contact researchers due to themass media.得益于大众传媒更多的 “超级自传体记忆 ”者开始和研究者取得了联系。40. people with hsam often have to make efforts toavoid focusi

8、ng on the pas.t“超级自传体记忆 ”者不得不努力不去关注过去。41. most people do not have clear memoriesof past events.大部分人对过去发生的事件没有清晰的记忆。42. hsam can beboth a curse and a blessin.g“超级自传体记忆 ”是福也是祸。43. a young woman sought explanation from a brain scientist when she noticed her unusual memory.一位年轻女士发现自己的超常记忆力向脑科学家寻求解释。44.

9、some people with hsam find it very hard to get rid of unpleasant memories.一些 “超级自传体记忆 ”者发觉忘掉不愉快的记忆非常困难。45. a recent study of people with hsam reveals that they are liable to fantasy and full absorption in an activity.一项关于拥有 “超级自传体记记”者的研究表明他们有幻想倾向和全神贯注于某种活动的倾向。a） for most of us, memory is a mess of b

10、lurred and faded pictures of our lives. as much as we would like to cling on to our past, even the saddestmoments can be washed away with time.a ）（ 41）对于大多数人而言，记忆就像一本逐渐模糊褪色的人生画册。无论我们多想要抓住过去，即使最痛苦的时刻也会随着时间而消逝。41 . most people do not have clear memories of past events.42 .【定位】由题干中的 most people, memori

11、es和past定位。a）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段指出，对于大多数人而言，记忆就橡一本逐渐模糊褪色的人生画册。无论我们多想要抓住过去，即使最痛苦的时刻也会随着时间而消逝。也就是说，大部分人对过去发生的事件没有清晰的记忆。题干是对定位段的概括，故答案为a ）。b） ask nima veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years, however, and he will give you the details of the weather, what he was wearing, or even what side of

12、the train he was sitting on his journey to work. “ my memory is like a library of video tapes, walk- throughs of every day of my life from waking to sleeping, explains.b）但是，如果你问尼玛 维瑟过去15年中任意一天在做什么，他会告诉你从当天的天气状况到他的衣着，甚至他去上班时坐在火车的哪一侧等所有细节。“我的记忆就像一个存放录像带的图书馆，完全记录我生活中从睁眼醒来到入睡的每一天， ”他解释道。c） veiseh can ev

13、en put a date on when those tapes started recording: 15 december 2000, when he met his first girlfriend a t his best friend s 16th birthday party. he had always had a good memory, but thethrill of young love seems to have shifted a gear in his mind: from now on, he would start recording his whole li

14、fe in detail.tell you everything about every day after that.”c）（ 38）维瑟甚至能说出这些“录像带 ”开始录像的时间： 2000 年 12 月 15日。那天，他在最好朋友的 16 岁生日晚会上遇见了他的初恋女友。他之前记忆力一直都很好，但是年轻爱情的冲动似乎拨动了他脑中的某个机关。从那以后，他开始能记录一生中的每个细节。 “我能告诉你从那以后每天发生的所有事。 ”38 . veiseh began to remember the details of his everyday experiences after he met hi

15、s first young love.39 .【定位】由题干中的 veiseh和first young love定位到文章c）段。c）【精析】细节归纳题。定位段主要介绍了维瑟的超强记忆启动的经历：在最好朋友的生日晚会上遇到自己的初恋后，维瑟开始能记住生活中的每个细节。题干是对定位段的概括总结，故答案为 c）。d） needless to say, people like veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists （神经 科学专家） hoping to understand the way the brain records our live

16、s. a couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people s extraordinary minds. and such research might even suggest ways for us all to relive our past with greater clarity.d ）毋庸多言，那些想了解大脑如何记录人类生活的神经科学专家对维瑟这样的人抱有极大的兴趣。最近一些学术论文终于揭开了这些人的非凡记忆力的冰山一角，这些研究甚至可能指引我们找到方法去更加清楚地重现我们过去的生活。a） -d

17、）段以尼玛 维瑟的超强记忆力为例，说明科学家对超强记忆的兴趣，及对此研究的意义。e） highlysuperior autobiographical memory （or hsam for short）, first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named jill price. emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher jim mcgaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of he

18、r life since the age of 12. could he help explain her experiences?e）（ 43）这种“超级自传体记忆” （简称hsam ）首次进入公众视野是在21 世纪初。一天，一位名叫古尔普莱斯的年轻女士给研究记忆的神经科学专家吉姆麦克高夫发邮件，声称她可以回忆起12岁以来每一天的生活。麦克高夫能否帮助解释她的经历？f） mcgaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her: he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about th

19、e world events on that day. true to her word, she was correct almost every time.f）麦克高夫邀请她来他的实验室，并开始对她进行测试：他给出一个日期，让她说出那天发生的世界大事。结果不悖其言，她几乎每次都能回答正确。g） it didn take long for magazines and documentary film-makers to come to understand her “ totalrecall ” an,d thanks to the subsequent media interest, a

20、few dozen other subjects （including veiseh） have since come forward and contacted the team at the university of california, irvine.g）（ 39）没用多长时间，杂志和纪录片导演便来了解她的 “全面回忆 ” 。得益于这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个其他的受试者（包括维瑟）自告奋勇，与加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队取得了联系。39. many more people with hsam started to contact researchersdue to the mas

21、s media.39.【定位】由题干中的contact, due to和media定位到文章g）段。g）【精析】同义转述题。定位段指出，得益于这些媒体后续的兴趣，几十个其他的受试者（包括锥瑟）自告奋勇，与加利福尼亚大学欧文分校的研究团队取得了联系。题干中的 due to the mass media 是对定位句中的 thanks to the subsequentmedia interest的同义转述； 题干中的 researcher或寸应定位句中的 the team。故答案为g）。h） interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred

22、: although they can remember “ autobiographical ” life events in extraordinary detail, they seemnotobbeetter thanaverageat recalling impersonal information , such as random （任意选取的） lists of words. nor are they necessarily better at remembering a round of drinks, say. andfaalthough their memories are

23、 vast, they are still likely to suffer from still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on. the question is, how?clearly, there is no such thing as apertfheectir e” xtramoerdminoaryry minds areh ） （36） 有趣的是，他们的记忆是高度自我中心化的：尽管他们能够非常详细 地记住 “自传式 ”生活事件， 但是在记忆非个人信息方面，比如随机排列的单 词，他们似乎不比普通人强。再

24、如，他们也不能更好地记住一圈饮料的顺序。尽管这些人的记忆力非常强大，他们仍然很可能会承受 “虚假记忆 ”之苦。很明显，世上不存在什么 “完美无瑕” 的记忆 他们产生非凡记忆力的工具和我们普通人所依赖的是一样有瑕疵的。问题在于，怎么会这样？36. people with hsam have the same memory asordinary people when it comes to impersonal information.36.【定位】由题干中的 memory和impersonal information定位到文章 h）段第一句。h ）【精析】 同义转述题。定位句说明了拥有 “超级

25、自传体记忆 ”者的记忆特征是高度自我中心化的；尽管他们能够非常详细地记住 “自传式 ”生活事件， 但是在记忆非个人信息方面，比如随机排列的单词，他们似乎不比普通人强。题干中的 have the same memory as ordinary people 是对定位句中的 seem to be nobetter than average的同义转述，故答案为 h）。e） -h）段介绍这项研究的起始情况，提出超级自传体记忆"（hsam ）这一概念，指出拥有超强记忆的人其记忆是高度自我中心化的。i） lawrence patihis at the university of southern

26、 mississippi recently studied around 20 people with hsam and found that they scored particularly high on two measures: fantasy proneness （倾向）and absorption. fantasy proneness could be considered atendency to imagine and daydream, whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully

27、absorbed in an activity to pay complete attention to the sensations（感受）and the experiences. "i ' extremely sensitive to sounds, smells and visual detail, e”xplains nicole donohue, who has taken part in many of these studies. “ i definitely feel things more strongly than the average person.i

28、） （45）南密西西比大学的劳伦斯帕特西斯近来研究了差不多20位拥有 超级自传体记忆”者，发现他们在幻想倾向和专注力两方面得分特别高。幻想倾向可以理解为想象和做白日梦的倾向，而专注力则是使自己的思维全神贯注于某种活动（对感受和经历投人全部的关注）的倾向。 “我对声音、气味和视觉信息非常敏感，”尼古拉 唐纳休解释道，他参加了不少这样的研究，我对事物的感受的确比常人更强烈。 ”45 . a recent study of people with hsam reveals that they areliable to fantasy and full absorption in an activit

29、y.46 .【定位】由题干中的fantasy, absorption和in an activity定位到文章i）段第 一，二句。i）【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，南密西西比大学的劳伦斯帕特西斯近来研究了差不多 20 位拥有 “超级自传体记记”者，发现他们在幻想倾向和专注力两方面得分特别高。幻想倾向可以理解为想象和做白日梦的倾向。而专注力则是使自己的思维全神惯注于某种活动（对感受和经历投人全部的关注）的倾向。题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为 i ）。j） the absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for recolle

30、ction, says patihis, and the fantasy pronenessmeans that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and months. each time this initial memory trace is “ replayed it”be,comes even stronger. in some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day

31、 but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the hsam subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives.j）帕特西斯说，专注力帮助他们筑建起记忆的牢固基础，幻想倾向则意味着他们能在接下来的几周或几个月一再重现这些记忆。初次记忆轨迹每被 “重播 ”一次，记忆就变得越来越强大。某种程度上，在某件大事，比如你的婚礼过后，你也可能会经历这种 “重播 ”过程 但不同的是，拥有 “超级自传体记忆 ”者会在一

32、生中的每一天都进行 “重播 ” ，这是他们的其他心理倾向造成的。k） not everyone with a tendency to fantasisewill develop hsam, though, so patihis suggeststhat something must have caused them to think so much about their past.“maybesome experience in their childhood meant that they became obsessed（着 迷） with calendars and what happe

33、ned to them, ” says patihis.k ）（ 37）但是，不是每一个有幻想倾向的人都能发展出 “超级自传体记忆 ” ，所以帕特西斯认为一定存在触发他们不停回忆过去的开关。 “也许他们童年时代的某种经历使得他们着迷于日历和发生过的事情， ”拍特西斯说。37 . fantasy pronenesswill not necessarily cause people todevelop hsam .38 .【定位】由题干中的fantasy和develop hsam 定位到文章k）段第一 句。k）【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，不是每一个有幻想倾向的人都能发展出 超级自传体记忆题干中

34、的fantasy pronenessfb对定位句中的a tendeocy to fantasise的同义转述； 题干中的 not necessarily对应定位句中的 not everyone。故答案为 k ）。i ） k ）分析拥有超强记忆的原因，指出拥有超强记忆的人具有更强的幻想倾向和专注力。l） the people with hsam i vienterviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing. on the plus side, it allows you to relive the most trans

35、formative and enriching experiences. veiseh, for instance, travelled a lot in his youth. in his spare time, he visited the local art galleries, and the paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories.l）（ 42 ）我所采访的拥有“超级自传体记忆”者肯定都会赞同这种能力福祸相依。好的方面是它可以使人重温最改变人生、最丰富的经历。比如维瑟，他年轻的时候去了很多地方，空闲

36、时间就去参观当地美术馆，而那些画作现在深深扎根于他的自传体记忆中。42. hsam can beboth a curse and a blessin.g42.【定位】由题干中的hsam和blessing定位到文章l)段第一句。l)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提出了文章主题：超级自传体记忆”是福也是祸。下文分别举例解释福和祸的具体内容。题干中的both a curse and ablessing是对定位句中的a mixed blessing的同义转述，意为 祸福相依”，故答案为l)。m) “imagine being able to remember every painting, on ever

37、y wall, in every gallery space, between nearly 40 countries," he says. "that ' s a big education in (with this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.m)想象一下能够记起近40个国家的每一个美术馆中每一面墙上的每一幅画，”他说。这本身就是宏大的艺术教育。”凭借着对艺术史的渊博学识，他因此成了一名专业画家。n) dono

38、hue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: " can definitely remember what i learned on certain days at school. i could imagine what the teacher was saying or what it looked like in the book.n)唐纳休现在是一名历史教师，她同意超级自传体记忆”对她教育的特定方面有帮助：我能清楚记得某些天在学校学到的东西。我能

39、想象老师在说什么，以及书本上看起来是什么样。”o) not everyone with hsam has experienced these benefits however. viewing the past in high definition can make it very difficult to get over pain and regret."it can bevery hard to forget embarrassing moments ” says donohue. "youfeel the same emotions it is just as raw, just as fresh. you can' t turn off that stream of mno matter how hard you try. veiseh agrees:"it is like having these open woundsthey are just a part of you," he says.p) (