过去分词在句子中的成分

1、过去分词过去分词 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式形式, ,表示完成和被动的动作。它表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语、表在句子中可以充当状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等成语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等成分。分。过去分词作状语可表时间过去分词作状语可表时间, 原因原因, 让步让步, 结结果果, 方式方式, 条件等。条件等。这种过去分词状语相这种过去分词状语相当于于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、当于于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句让步等状语从句, 过去分词作状语中句子过去分词作状语中句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关的主语与分词所表示

2、的动作构成动宾关系系, 即是该分词动作的承受者。即是该分词动作的承受者。注意：注意：作状语时作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。句子主语一致。过去分词作时间状语过去分词作时间状语,可在过去可在过去分词前加上连词分词前加上连词when, while, until等来等来强调时间概念。强调时间概念。1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.2. When it is seen under a microscope, a

3、 fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 过去分词作原因状语过去分词作原因状语1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no long

4、er afraid.2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.1.Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. Though warned of the storm, farmers were still working in the fields.the2.Altho

5、ugh he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. 过去分词作条件或者假设状语过去分词作条件或者假设状语1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.2. If I am compared wi

6、th you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.作方式或作方式或伴随伴随情况状语情况状语1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was los

7、t in thought. lost 表示一种迷失心理状态表示一种迷失心理状态用过去分词作状语来改写句子。用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _ , hell make a first-c

8、lass tennis player.3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Given timeConfused by the new surroundings4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _ _, he became tense. Questioned by the poli

9、ce about the fire过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常通常置于被修饰的词的前面置于被修饰的词的前面,而分词短语作定而分词短语作定语语,则须置于被修饰词的后面。则须置于被修饰词的后面。Attention1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2.

10、 A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天发出的信后天就能收到。今天发出的信后天就能收到。分词作分词作定语定语可以转换成定语从句可以转换成定语从句:This is a picture painted by my father. (被动被动) =This is a picture which was painted by my father.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. ( (已完成已完成) ) =The letter which w

11、as mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。语，前后常有逗号。 Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村，从未见过生长在农村，从未见过火车。火车。 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况: 单个的过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在被通常放在被修饰的名词之前修饰的

12、名词之前, 表示被动和完成意表示被动和完成意义。义。1.前置定语A.被动意义：被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人一位受尊敬的客人 (受伤的工人受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B.完成意义完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休的教师一位退休的教师They are cleaning (落落叶叶) in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves2.后置定语后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被通常放在被修饰的

13、名词之后修饰的名词之后, 它的作用相当于一个它的作用相当于一个定语从句。定语从句。Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.(过去分词作后置定语表达被动过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句等于定语从句who were invited。)The computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school.(过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可可以用非限制性定

14、语从句以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。代替。) 如果被修饰的词是由如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指所构成的复合代词或指示代词示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 例如：例如： Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town. 注意注意: : 另外另外,分词作状语时

15、分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要独需要独立主格结构或立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。复合结构来替代。(此时此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。补足语。) 过去分词做宾语补足语，如：过去分词做宾语补足语，如： He watched the TV set carried out of the room. Last year they had the house rebuilt. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.

16、 注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果，并有被动意义。结果，并有被动意义。 I once heard this song sung in Japanese. This song was once sung in Japanese. I dont want the children taken out in such weather. The children were taken out in such weather. 以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为了主语补足语，

17、与谓语一起称为“复合谓语复合谓语”，如：，如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. One of the glasses was found broken. 过去分词作主语补足语过去分词作主语补足语例例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 简析简析: 很显然很显然,划线部分的逻辑主语是划线部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 t