高三语法专项复习：谓语动词的时态语态

1、谓语动词时态语态谓语动词的时态&语态时态：动作发生的时间及其当时的状态的对应叫虫态。动作发生的时间不同，其 状态形式就不同时态构成（以do为例）基本用法常见的时间搭配1.一般现在时do/ does表示经常发生或反复发 生的动作；客观事实或 普遍真理；现在或现阶 段的情况或状态等。The bus leaves at 5 o Clock.sometimes, often, always, at ,on Sunday, every + 2.一般过去时did表示过去的动作或状 态、过去习惯性的动作； 在时间或条件状语从句 申表过去等。He usually went to school by b

2、ike when he was a student.yesterday(morning/afternoon/ evening), last week/ year/ week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 3.一般将来时will do表示将来发生的动作或 状态。I will ask him for help.tomorrow(morning/ afternoon/ evening), next Friday, in two weeks 4.过去将来时would do常用于宾语从句或间接 引语中；从过去的观点 看将要发生的动作或存 在

3、的状态等。They asked the boss if they would carry out the plan soon.多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作5.现在进行时is/ am/ are + doing表示现在或现阶段正在 进行的动作或发生的事 等。I am doing my homework now.now6.过去进行时was/ were + doing表示过去某一时刻或某 阶段正在发生的动作； 按计划过去某时刻要发 生的动作等。I was shopping with my family.At 8 o block yesterday, from 9 to 10 last

4、evening, be doing -when 7.现在完成时has/ have done表小过去发生的动作对 现在造成的影响或结 果；过去已经开始并持 续到现在的动作或状For, since, so far, ever, never, yet, up to now, in the past years, recently 态。I have made much progress in math in the last three months.8.过去完成时had done表示在过去某个动作或 时间前就已经发生或完 成的动作，即指“过去 的过去”。I had finished the task

5、 before you called me.before/ by+过去的时间/动作【注】1 .其词第三人称单数的构成规则：一（般直接加-s,例 want-wants ;s,x,ch,sh,o结尾，加-es,例 teach-teaches;辅音字母 +y 结尾，改 y 为 i 再加-es,例 study-studies o2 .现在分词的构成规则：一般直接加-ing,例study-studying ;以不发音字母e结尾，去e力口-ing,例live-living ；辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双 写最后的辅音字母再加-ing,例begin-beginning ;以-ie结

6、尾的词,变ie为y,再加-ing, 例 die-dying。3 .动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则：一般直接加-ed,例 want-wanted ;以e结尾只加-d,例live-lived ；辅音字母+y结尾,改y为i再加-ed,例study-studied ;辅音字 母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ed,例stop-stopped ;不规则动词另记。语态：在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者时），谓语的形式称为主动语 查；不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁， 或者需要突出或强调动作的承受 者时，就用被动语态时态谓语动词的形式（以 do为例）主动被动1

7、.一般现在时do/doesis/ am/ are + done2.一般过去时didwas/ were + done3.一般将来时will dowill be + done4.过去将来时would dowould be done5.现在进行时is/ am/ are + doingis/ am/ are + being done6.过去进行时was/ were + doingwas/ were + being done7.现在完成时has/ have donehas/ have been done8.过去完成时had donehad been done【做题方法】1）辨明主动被动；2）找时间状语；

8、3）找已有谓语动词时态；4）注意一些特定句式的时态要求。【基础练】1. Light (travel) faster than sound.2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he (be) too busy.3. The work (finish) in ten days.4. He told me he (arrive) on Monday morning, but he never appeared.5. Look! They (play) basketball on the playground.6. I first met Tom te

9、n years ago. He (work) in a TV factory at that time.7. Many bridges (build) over the river since 1949.8. When I got there, I was told that he (go) to Shanghai.By the end of last year, we (learn) at least 3,000 English words.【提升练】20182012年高考题(改编)单句语法填空/单句改错1. (2018 全国一，64) While running regularly can

10、make y ou live forever, thereview says it(be) more effective at lengthening life2. (2018全国一卷，短文改错)During my last winter holiday, I went to countrysidewith my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.3. (2018全国二卷，61) Since 2011, the country (grow) morecorn than rice.4. (2018 全国二卷,68

11、) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005-when the government(start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.5. (2018全国二卷,短文改错)I didn 'realize how right my parents are until Ientere

12、d high school.3谓语动词时态语态6. （ 2018 全国三卷， 69） when the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to gorilla unsa ggressive nature, the huge animal （mean） me no real harm.7. （2018全国三卷, 短文改错）It was Monday morning, and the writing class hadjust begin.8. （2018全国三卷, 短文改错

13、）At that moment, I remembered that my father oncesaid, “Thec lassroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well. ”9. （ 2017全国一卷，64）When fat and salt （remove） from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.10. （2017全国一卷，67） Fast food （be） full of

14、fat and salt.11. （2017全国一卷 , 短文改错） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor s orders, but once I started the car, my goes blank.12. （ 2017 全国二卷，65） Steam engines （use）t o pull thecarriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and n

15、oise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success13. （ 2017 全国二卷，68） Later, engineers （manage） to constructrailways in a system of deep tunnels, which became known as the Tube.14. （2017 全国二卷 , 短文改错） When the summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!15.

16、（ 2017 全国三卷，63） Sarah （tell） that she could be Britainnew supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.16. （ 2017 全国三卷，69） But at the moment, school （come）first.17. （2017全国三卷 , 短文改错） I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.18. （2017全国三卷 , 短文改错） （改两处错误） Abou

17、t one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.19. （2016 全国 I , 62）I（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the600 acre centre.20. （2016 全国 I ,短文改错）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality

18、oil are using for cooking.21. （2016 全国 H , 43）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow（be） often acceptable.22. （2016 全国田，42）Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might （make）of gold and silver with Chinese characters.23. （2016 全国 m , 49）Confucius believed knives w

19、ould remind people of killings and（be） too violent for use at the table.24. （2015 全国 I , 61）It was raining lightly when I（arrive） in Yangshuo justbefore dawn.25. （2015 全国 I , 67）Yangshuo（be） really beautiful.26. （2015 全国 I ,短文改错）I think I would be happy there.27. （2015 全国 I ,短文改错）Lots of studies hav

20、e been shown that global warminghas already become a very serious problem.28. （2015 全国 I ,短文改错）We must found ways to protect our environment.29. （2015 全国 n , 68）This cycle（go） day after day.30. （2015 全国 H ,短文改错）Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.31. （2015 全国 H ,短文改错）A woman saw him crying and telling him to

21、 waitoutside a shop.32. （2014 全国大纲,22）Unless extra money（find）, the theatre will close.33. （2014 全国大纲，32）The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody（see） them since.34. （2014 全国大纲，短文改错）The understanding between two friends mean both ofthem have similar ideas and trust each other.35. （2014 全国 I , 61）

22、It（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.36. （2014 全国 I ,短文改错）Since then for all these years- we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.37. （2014 全国 n , 65）A boy on a bike（catch） my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.38. （2014 全国 n ,短文改错）My dream

23、 school look like a big garden.39. （2014 全国 n ,短文改错）We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music.40. （2013 全国大纲，27）We（leave）very early so we packed the night before.41. （2013 全国大纲，短文改错）At home my father often thinks I' m silly.He said if Idecide to do something, it takes h

24、im much time to stop me.42. （2013 全国 I , 24）If we（not act）now to protect the environment, we ' ll live to regret it.43. （2013 全国 I , 27）When I first met Bryan I didn ' tlike him, butI（change）my mind.44. （2013 全国 I ,短文改错）I was only four when she passes away.45. （2013 全国 n ,短文改错）Tea in China w

25、as traditionally drank from cups withouthandles.46. （2012 全国 I , 23） “Lifeis like walking in the snow"，Granny used to say, “ because every step（show） ”47. （2012 全国 n , 18）The manager（tell）the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.48. （2012 全国 n ,短文改错）Yet it seemed water is becoming les

26、s and less. 谓语动词的时态& 语态 答案【基础练】1. travels 2.was 3. will be finished 4.would arrive 5.are playing6. was working 7.have been built 8. had gone; had learnt【提升练】20182012年高考题（改编）1. is2. find 改为 found3. has grown4. started5. are 改为 were6. meant7. begin 改为 begun8. include 改为 includes9. are removed10. i

27、s11. goes 改为 went12. were used13. managed14. came 改为 comes15. has been told/ was told16. comes17. had 改成 have18. （ 1） took 改成 taken （ 2 ） become 改成 became19. was allowed 根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，我应该是被允许接近这些可爱的动物。 20. using - used be used for被用来做”，为固定短语。21. is 考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the

28、less.，. 动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式， 且这里说的是一个客观事实， 故要用 is。 22. be made 考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。 23. were 考查时态。此处 were是与would remind并列的谓语动词。24. arrived 句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。 25. is 句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。26. think -thought 句意：我认为在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示 “过去认为 ” 。 27. 去掉 been 句意： 许多研究表明全球变暖早已成为严重的问题了。 主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。 28. found-find 句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词 must