第四讲形容词和副词

1、学习必备欢迎下载第四讲形容词和副词初中知识回顾知识回顾一、形容词的常见用法1、形容词作定语形容词作定语时常放在被修饰的名词前，当形容词修饰something，anything，nothing 等复合不定代词时，需放在其后。2、形容词作表语放在系动词后作表语，常见的形容词有：afraid，alone，asleep，awake，alive，well ，ill ，frightened。3、形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语是补充说明事物的性质或人的状态。二、多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序限定词 (冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词 )+描绘词 (大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色 )+国籍、地区十

2、材料性质十类别、目的十名词。温馨提示可借助英国广播公司（ BBC）提出的“ OPSHACOM ”方法记忆。 OPSHACOM 的含义如下：OP-opinion 评述性词。如 beautiful , expensive , terrible , lovely , silly , ugly 等。SH-size & shape 表示大小及形状的词。如long，short，round， square等。A-age 表示新旧的词。如new， old 等。C- colour 表示顔色的词。如red，black，purple， brown，yellow 等。O-origin 表示产地的词。如Ital

3、ian， Canadian，Spanish等。M-material 表示材料的词。如 leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk ，plastic 等。按此顺序，“一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夹克”可表达为“a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket”。理论上一个名词前可有9 个形容词，但实际语言材料中一般不超过5 个。掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词的顺序问题。三、副词的基本用法副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中可以作状语、表语、宾语补足语。学习必备欢迎下载四、副词的分类名称时间副词连接副词地点副词程度副词例

4、词today ,early ,soon ,nowthen ,recently ,stilltherefore ,however , besides ,otherwise ,how when ,where ,whysomewhere ,here , there ,downstairsvery much ,enough , quite ,almost ,rather在句子中的位置时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾连接句子，引导从句或与不定式连用地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当ve

5、ry 修饰动词时，常与 much 连用并置于句末， enough 修饰形容词或副词时后置例句He will be back tomorrow.Yesterday we all went to the park.That's why it's on the news.Do you know how to operate the machine?The children are playing downstairs. Here people are practicing speaking English.Tom is old enough to go to school.方式副词频

6、度副词疑问副词well,fast ,carefully, slowly ,quicklya1ways ,often ,never , usually ,hardly , seldom(很少 )how ,when ,where ,why常放在宾语之后或不及物动词之后常放在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。其中 sometimes 也常置于句首主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首Everythinggoes well.The monkeys ate up the bananas quickly.I often go out for a walk after supper.She is sel

7、dom out on Sundays.Why were you late for our meeting last night?关系when,where,why用来引导定语从句副词We visited the house where he lived ten years ago.I never forget the day when I joined the Party.五、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成1、规则变化：分类构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少单音节词在词尾加-er， estsmallsmallersmallest数双音节词以不发音的字母e 结尾的单音节词，只加 -r，-st

8、nicenicernicest以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er，-estthinthinnerthinnest少数以 er，ow 结尾的双音节词，末尾也加 -er， clever,cleverer,cleverest,-estnarrownarrowernarrowest部分双音节词more 和 mostpopularmoremost在前面加popularpopular和多音节词学习必备欢迎下载2.不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestBad(ly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremost1ittlelessl

9、eastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest典例分析【例 1】People have always beenabout exactly how life on earth began.A.curiousB.excitedC.anxiousD.careful解析：句意为 "人们一直对地球生命的起源感到好奇"。根据介词 about 后面宾语从句的意思，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about".对感到好奇 "。【巩固训练】 1.Linda'sfa

10、ther hates waiting in long lines. 1think he'与A.patientB.talentedC.popularD.powerful【例 2】-It's one of thethings in the world to stay with friends.-I agree.It always makes us relaxed.A.worstB.happiestC.busiestD.hardest答案 :Ajust not very。解析：句意为“和朋友们待在一起是世界上最快乐的事情之一。”“我同意，这总能使我们放松。”由答语中的关键词relax

11、ed 可知 B 项最符合句意。【巩固训练】2.Debbie is growing fast. She is eventhan her mother.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.the tallest衔接要点展示初中阶段高中阶段1、形容词、副词的特殊用法1、形容词、副词的词义辨析2、形容词、副词的比较级的特殊用法2、比较级和最高级的基本用法3、正确运用分词形容词4、形容词作状语的用法学习必备欢迎下载高中知识预学预学新知一、比较等级的几种常用句型结构类型结构意义例句A=Bas十原级十 as与一样She is as tall as her mother.A#Bnot as/so

12、+原级 +as不及The weather here is not as/so hot as that in Wuhan.less十原级十 than不及He thinks English is less important than Chinese.A>B 或 A<B比较级 +than比My brother runs much fast than I.表示程度比较级 +and+比较越来越She is becoming more and more beautiful.的递增级两种情况the+ 比较级， the+越The older I get, the happier I feel.同

13、时变化比较级越三者以上the+ 最高级 +范围最Lucy dances best of all in our school.二、形容词作状语形容词作状语，表示意义上的增补，和句子主语有逻辑上的主谓关系。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold and hungry.他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7 天。三、分词形容词的意义差别-ing 形容词表示 "令人的 "，表示主动意义， 多指事物对人的影响， 一般修饰或说明事物，如 surprising"令人惊讶的 "， exciting" 令人兴奋的 &quo

14、t;，interesting"有趣的 "等。 -ed 形容词表示"感到的 " ，表示被动意义， 多指人对事物的感受， 主语一般是人， 常用于 "sb.十 be 十 -ed形容词 +介词 "结构，如 surprised"感到惊讶的 " ，excited"感到兴奋的 "，interested"感兴趣的 " 等。We are all excited about the exciting news.我们听到这令人兴奋的消息都感到很激动。四、几个常用副词的用法区别1、how long/

15、how soon/how often/how farhow long"多久，多长时间 "，对持续的时间段提问， 常用 "for+ 时间段 "和“ since 十时间点”回答。how soon "多快，多久以后 "，对短暂性动词提问，用于一般将来时句子中，常用"in+ 时间学习必备欢迎下载段"回答。how often "多长时间一次 "，对频率提问，常用 "once/ twice/ three. .ti 中 es a."回答。how far "多远 " ，对

16、距离提问。2、much too/too muchmuch too"非常，极其，太 "，much 修饰 too 以加强语气，中心词是too， much too 修饰形容词或副词原级。too much"太多 "，中心词是 much，too 修饰 much 以加强语气， too much 修饰不可数名词。too much 与 too many 相对，但 too many 修饰可数名词。You will become much too fat some day. 有一天你将会变得非常胖。The teacher gave us too much homework

17、today. 老师今天给我们留的作业太多了。例题引路【例 1】，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people throughher smile.A.Shy and cautiousB.Sensitive and thoughtfulC.Honestand confidentD.Light-heartedand optimistic解析：句意为 "愉快而乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光传给他人的女士"。shy and cautious "害羞且谨慎的 "；sensitive and thought

18、ful"敏感且体贴的 " ；honest and confident“诚实且自信的”light-hearted and optimistic"愉快且乐观的 "。由句意可知应选D。【自主体验】 1.After the long journey， the three of them went back home，。A.hungry and tiredlyB.hungry and tiredC.hungrilyand tiredlyD.hungrilyand tired【例 2】Jack is late again. It isof him to keep o

19、thers waiting.A.normalB.ordinaryC.commonD.typical解析： It is typical of sb. to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 "某人一向如此 "。该句型属于“ It is 十形容词 +of+代词 +不定式”结构，故选D。【自主体验】 2.It's very importantusA.to; to rememberB.for; to remember【例 3】Everything seemed to be goingA.vividlyB.generallyit.C.for; rememberingD.to;

20、 rememberingfor the first two days after 1moved to New York.C.frequentlyD.smoothly解析：考查副词辨析。句意为 "在我搬到纽约之后，刚开始的两天事情似乎进展得很顺利 "。 vividly" 生动地，形象地 "；generally"普遍地，一般地 "；frequently" 频繁地，经常地 "；smoothly学习必备欢迎下载"顺利地，平稳地 "。根据句意可知，答案选D。【自主体验】 3.In the good car

21、e of the nurses，the boy isrecovering from his heartoperation.A.quietlyB.actuallyC.practicallyD.gradually衔接应用训练【A组】()1.We were veryto him for his help.A.thanksB.thankedC.thankfulD.thdnkfully)2. The apples tasteand sell.A.well; wellB.good; goodC.good; wellD.well; good)3. Your voice sounds.A.beautifulB

22、.to be beautifulC.beautifullyD.be beautiful)4.Was there atalk between the two countries last month?A.friendB.friendshipC.of friendD.friendly)5.Joan pushed the doorand went in hurriedly.A.openedB.openC.openlyD.opening)6.here are taken good care of.A.The injuredB.1njuredC.An injuredD.Being injured)7.N

23、othing isthan a hot drink on a cold winter day.A.goodB.bestC.betterD.to be good)8.It's raining _. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing.A.badlyB.heavilyC.stronglyD.hardly)9. The weather is nothot in this district.A.such aB.suchC.that aD.that)10.Is there any news about theship?A.missed

24、B.to missC.being missedD.missing学习必备欢迎下载【B 组】一、单项选择()1.Usually John would be late for meetings.But this time，to my surprise，he arrivedon time.A.littleB.muchC.everD.even()2.Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's，but it costhis.A.as much twice asB.twice as much asC.much as twice asD.as twice much as()3. How muchshe looked without her glasses!A.wellB.goodC.best.D.better()4.It was a nice house， buttoo small for a family to live in.A.rarelyB.fairlyC.ratherD.pretty()5.The children loved their day trip， and they enjoyed the horse ride.A.mostB.moreC.lessD.little()6