中美教育特点的比较研究

1、comparative characteristics of chinese and americaneducationabstract：based on the comparison of characteristics of education in the united states and china, we found that some characteristics of american education represents the development trend of world education which we can learn from and think

2、about our educational reform and development.keywords:china; the united states; educational characteristics; thinkingclc:g52 post code: a article id: 1671-7406 (2003) 01-0100-03only when you compare, the difference will be found. only a reference can make it increased. by comparing and researching w

3、e can expand our horizons so that we can grasp the universal law of education and learn more about the world of education, in particular the understanding of education in china. the famous american comparative educator beilei di said: getting the self-awareness from the awareness of others is the mo

4、st valuable education which the comparative education can provide. we can also learn from the successes and failures experience of foreign education. american education with only three hundred years of history has made remarkable achievements and it is now a world leader. although china is one of th

5、e world's oldest countries but there are still a wide gap between of china and developed countries on level of education and it is incompatible with the requirements of china's current social, economic, scientific and technological development. american education in such a short period of ti

6、me can achieve such great results and it have its profound political, economic and cultural background, extensive education reform meaning and the experience which has high reference value and it is worth learning. this article describes the compare the characteristics of education of china and the

7、united states to make us think deeply and to make an inspiration for china's educational reform and development.no.l the basic situation and characteristics of education in the united states.1. basic situation of american educationamerican educational administration is decentralization system. t

8、he main state bears the main responsibility the local place bears the specific responsibility and the federal has the wide-ranging implications- responsibilities and rights of education of state government is from the state constitution and state legislature and it has no direct affiliation with the

9、 federal ministry of education. states decide the basic policy of education administration, but most of the actual management belongs to the local school district, the administrative agencies of federal ministry of education is the federal ministry of education, and it has 14 agencies of functions a

10、nd a number of advisory board. in addition, there are nine departments and 27 independent federal agencies has relationship with educational activities and they work together to penetrate the federal governments education policy to the states to strengthen the effective control of state education.th

11、e us educational system is the monorail system, but in the current education system they link up each other in all levels of education in the structure and these academic are coexistence. united states educational system can be summarized as two features: first, vertical and horizontal communication

12、 link combined. from the vertical perspective, these academic linking up each other can ensure the equal right to be educated and it reflects the democratization of modern education； from the horizontal, american education system has some degree of freedom and democracy, students have a lot of selec

13、tivity and it reflects the personality of modern education. second is the combination of unity and diversity. the period of compulsory education is 12 years, higher education reflects the talents of level by granting different degrees, and this is a manifestation of unity. six-three-three system six

14、-six system, eight-four system, four-four-four system, five-three-four system are coexistence in the 12 years of compulsory education, higher education has a variety of levels, types and forms and it reflects the diversity of academic.2. characteristics of american educationcurrent u.s. education sy

15、stem is the product of tradition and change, in the tradition and bold reform process, the american education evolved the following characteristics:1 a variety of cultural are coexistence and the education has diversity.america is a country which is almost the descendants of immigrants from a variet

16、y of composition, ethnic composition is very complex, different nations have their own cultural traditions and customs, multicultural constitutes a major feature of american society. reflected in education, multiple educational naturally become a prominent feature of american education. as the “basi

17、s of american education 一 social outlook" describes it:" multiculturalism is to accept the minority culture as special and individual components of national culture to make national policy and preservation of different cultures compatible but to oppress, destroy or mix." in the united

18、 states, students from different color, different races, different nationalities enrolled in a school is widespread.2. local educational is autonomous, education has decentralization.the right of american education is mainly in the state,and the state give the right to the school districts,so the st

19、ate board of education and the school district board of education has a fair degree of independence and autonomy. education is the cause of local and schools, materials and the employment of teachers are matters of state and local and the federal government can not intervene. however, fragmentation

20、of power also led to the imbalance of american education and it makes education in the state can not be guaranteed specifications and quality of education is uneven.3. teaching style is flexible and education is the diversity.development of american education is with fierce competition of commodity

21、economy and rapid change of social development, this means that what talent the community need what school and professional will be sated; what way is easier to train people what education will be taken. therefore, american education has a strong free competition and features of pursuing social adap

22、tability, educational structure, methods eclectic and flexible is the embodiment of the diversity of american education. however, too much flexibility and diversity also makes the quality of american education a big gap, laissez-faire and economic efficiency is not high.4. social groups participate

23、in actively and the education has extensive.in the u.s., education is not only to be done by government, in addition to federal, state and local education administration, there are many official and unofficial social groups play an important role in the development of education. outside the educatio

24、n sector, various foundations, religious groups and various political groups which are under the control of the trade unions, news media and the consortium have adopted various methods to monitor or participate in various educational activities within the scope permitted by law; within the education

25、 sector, american federation of teachers (aft), national education association (nea), other educational organizations and other professional education organizations affect the education decision-making with their rich educational experience and branches nationwide; in addition, some recognition of c

26、ivil society organizations, certification organizations and coordinate organization also play a big role in education.5. both public education and elite education are important, education is unique.in other countries, their put emphasis on public education or put emphasis on elite education but amer

27、ican education is unique, that is both public education and elite education are important. on the one hand, the united states has the "democratization of education” and "equality of educational opportunity11 as the top goal, they spend a huge amount of investment and do a lot of work for i

28、t; on the other hand, the u.s. government attaches great importance to gifted education, 1958 "national defense education act” and 1974 "gifted education act” proposed to provide human, material and legal protection for gifted education. in addition, the united states recruit overseas tale

29、nts with a lot of money and make it as an integral part of elite education.6. value the education legislation, education is normative.in the u.s., both federal and state place great emphasis on education legislation. in addition to the federal education law, there are education law of the states and

30、 they are perfect and it has formed a complete legal system of education. as the united states is in the rule of law, legal consciousness of citizens is very strong and the education legislation is prepared and strict reviewed and its procedure is standard. therefore, equality before the law, teachi

31、ng and running a school in the rule of law has become the consensus and action. placing great emphasis on education legislation, continuing to improve regulations and standardize the education is not only a major feature of american education but also an important reason of the rapid development of

32、american education.of course, the features are not equal to the advantages, american education is not perfect.there are a lot of problems such as poor macro-control, low quality of education, teaching staff instability, unequal educational opportunities and campus environmental degradation.no.2 the

33、basic situation and characteristics of our education1. the basic situation of china's education.china's current education implements a system which is under the control of state and local governments at all levels at different levels and division of responsibility. the central educational ad

34、ministration is the state department of education and it controls the countryfs education system. according to the provisions of setting of functions, internal organs and staffing of state department of education in july 1998, that ministry of education has the responsibility to research education g

35、uidelines and policies and draw up the draft of education law and regulations and other 12duties. china's local governments set the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) city (prefecture) and county and township (town) four educational administration and they manage all types of schools at