医学词汇构词法i[11]. Voc

1、 by wang lanying foreign language departmentthe formation of medial vocabulary a course of learning english for medical purposesi. target1.mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning2. practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with mli. target3. nur

2、ture the sense of stylistic researchii. methodology 1. acquire the knowledge of word formation2.understand the medical language traits through reading3. observe and summarize the stylistic features4. active and energetic learning under the teachers guideiii. course arrangement1.72 teaching periods,4

3、/week2.eight units this term3.required course and exam4.term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically davi-ellen chamber says: studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. the words at first sound strange and complicated although they

4、 may stand for commonly known english terms. the words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning e y e d o c t o r , a r e e x a m p l e s . the medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts an

5、d then understood. what is medical language?basic elements of medical wordsmost medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and

6、 vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的it develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. 医硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发

7、声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology.1. to analyze words structurally. learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms. g

8、astr /o/ enter /o/ logyrootrootsuffixcombining formelectr /o/ cardi /o/ gramrootrootroot心电图combining formsprefixessuffixescyt/o : cellderm/o :skinbi/o : lifeaden/o :glandarthr/o : jointnephr/o :kidneyhepat/o : liverleuk/o :whiteoste/o : boneepi- :abovemulti-: manypoly-: manyex- : outendo- :insidetra

9、ns- : acrosshyper-: excessivehypo- :deficient-emia :blood condition-ectomy: excision-gram: record-cyte: cell-scope: instrument fro visually exam-itis: inflammation-ist : person specialized in-logy: process of study-oma: tumor-osis: abnormal condition-tomy: cutting2. to correlate an understanding of

10、word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.3. to be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. hepatoma: tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤hematoma: blood tumor 血肿oncologynephrologyneurologygastro

11、enterologynephritishepatitisbronchitiscarcinomahematomahepatomaanatomy: process of cutting upgastrectomy: removal of the stomacharthrotomy: incision of a jointleukemia anemia erythremia leukocytosis 白细胞增多necrosis 坏死erythrocytosis 红细胞增多the roles of pronunciationmedical terminology systems organs tiss

12、ues cellsendocrine syst.reproductive syst.mastery of medical wordsorganstissuescellsdistribution of vocabulary in medical literatureessential voc.popular science voc.medical termsthe 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndromethe 3rd category (15%) : disti

13、ll, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation the 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, studydistribution of vocabularymedical terminology i. conversion ii. derivativeiii. compoundingopportunist 条件致病菌physiology/-ist/ -gic asymptoma atic antivirusradioimmunoe

14、lectrophoresis 放射免疫电泳 i. conversion 词义转换：由普通词汇转换成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block 交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟交感神经药； capsule 胶囊药,被膜 reservoir 贮主(zhu) to protect trachea from collapsing the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿主 space occupying lesion 占位性病变derivatives prefix: ir- il- im-

15、mis- irregularity, irresistable illegal, illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage prefix dis/dys- dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease in- inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivatedun- unconditioned reflex 非条件反射undifferentiate

16、d cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病 unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛 none-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstress testnonulcer dyspepsianonspecific immunitynonsense mutationnonself 非抽烟者 非电解质 无应激实验 非溃疡性消化不良 非特异性免疫 无义突变 非自我的 ex- exclusion excretion exhale ex- president ex-w

17、ife exclude 排斥 排泄 呼气 前总统 前妻 排除在外 suffix: n. reliance resistance existence coldness consciousness decision collision inclusion treatment encouragement adj. generous continuous miscellaneous congenital conspicuous scrupulous simultaneously apparently substantially v.-en.(a.+ en) whiten widen fasten(ti

18、e) lengthen shorten worsen weaken brighten lighten -al n. survival refusal arrival proposal withdrawal removal (but not: compose, compromise)compounds roots organs and their rootsliver hepato/a-lung pulmono-kidney reno-/nephro-heart cardio-nerve neuro- spleen splen(o) brain cerebro- head cephal(o) e

19、ye ophthalm/ skin dermo- ear oto-(otology) chest thorac/o- arteri/o artery vaso vessel nose naso- / nasoantritis 鼻上颌窦炎 throat laryngo- laryngitis 喉炎 pharynx 咽 pharyng (o)- pharyngectomy 咽切除 描述人体器官方位： anterior anterior band of colon 结肠前带 posterior posterior teeth 后牙 superior superior vena cava 上腔静脉 i

20、nferior inferior thyroid artery 甲状腺下动脉 inter- (between) interatrial 房间的 intra-(inside) intracellular endo-(intra- ) endocarditis poly-(many, much) polyarthritis multi- (many, much) -multicuspid 多尖的 hyper-(high, extra) hypertension hypo-(low,less) hypotension homo-( same) homolateral同侧的 homograft het

21、ero-(different) heteroantigen 异种抗原 dys-(not) dysplasia发育不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难 dysphonia 发声困难 counter- 对抗，抑制 countercurrent 逆流 counterbalance 等衡 psycho- 精神/心理 psychology psychiatry psychobiology thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis 血栓性淋巴管炎thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎 meningo- 脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis 脑脊膜脑脊髓炎

22、lympho- lymphocytopenia 淋巴细胞减少 radio- radionuclide- angiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术 immuno- immunosuppression electro- electrosynthesis 电合成 staphylo- 葡萄，悬雍垂 staphylotoxin 葡萄球菌毒素 staphyloplasty 悬雍垂成形术 strepto- streptococcus streptomycin osteo bone osteocystoma 骨囊瘤 lumb/o lumbar lumbodynia 腰痛 lumbocostal

23、 腰肋的 suffix: -itis (inflammation) hepatitis bronchitis nephritis colitis gastritis appendicitis otitis endocarditis panarthritis 多发性关节炎 -ectomy (removal) splenectomy appendectomy pharyngectomy -graphy（照像术） cephalography 测颅术 cardiography 心动描记法 - gram 照片 cardiogram 心动图 -scope (glass) ophthalmoscope stethoscope microscope telescope microscope telescope -cyte( cell) leukocyte myocyte -coccus 球菌球菌 staphylococci 葡萄球菌 menin