动词的时态老师版

1、九年级B班语法总复习时 态 语 法 指 导下面介绍初中阶段应掌握的8种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。一般时进行时完成时现在works workis/am/are workinghas/have worked过去workedwas/were workinghad worked将来will /shall workwill/shall be working过去将来Would/should work一、 一般现在时1.一般现在时的构成主语为第三人称单数（he，she，it）时一般现在时的构成规则：构成规则例词一般规则在原型动词后面

2、加-scook-cooks, write-writes谓语动词以-s,-x,-o,-ch,-sh结尾的则在动词原型后加-escross-crosses, relax-relaxes, go-goes, teach-teaches, washes谓语动词以辅音字母加y结尾的，将y改为-iesstudy-studies, fly-flies谓语动词以元音字母加y结尾的，在y后面加-sbuy-buys, enjoy-enjoys 一般现在时日常用的时间状语：every day 每天, often 经常，always总是, usually通常，every Monday afternoon 每周一下午t

3、wice a week 每周两次 2. 一般现在时的用法（1） 经常性的动作 用于说明一个经常性、习惯性的动作。这时句中常用often, usually, every day, sometimes等时间状语 Americans drink a lot of coffee.美国人喝很多咖啡。He goes to school at six every day. 他每天6点上学。 He usually spends summer in the mountains. 他通常在山里度过夏天。（2）目前的状态或事实 表示某人或某事物目前的状态、特征，爱好等；Tom is strong and healt

4、hy. His parents are good at communicating well with him.(3)客观真理 Paris stands on the Seine River.巴黎位于塞纳河边 The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转(4)用于格言 Pride goes before a fall骄者必败Something is better than nothing 有总比没有好注意：1.当if表示“如果”时它所连接的句子用一般时表示将来；但当if表示“是否”时，则不能用一般时表示将来I want to know if there will

5、 be a sport meeting next week 我想知道下周是否要开运动会2.用于时间表、日程表中，表示按计划要发生的动作。这时句中都带有时间状语，但仅限于下列情况：·表示往返移动的动词：arrive, come, drive, fly, go, leave, move, return, sail/等The train leaves at nine in the morning 火车上午九点出发·表示开始结束的动词：begin, close, end, open, start, stop等When does the bus start?/汽车什么时候开？ It

6、starts in ten minutes再过十分钟 3.代替完成时It is一段时间since从句。在此句型中，一般现在时It is比现在完成时It has been 更普通。It is ten years since I moved to Shanghai.我来上海已经有十年了口诀记忆：一般现在时 学习一般现在时，基本用语要熟悉。发生动作经常性，存在状态和习惯。特征性格和能力，客观事实与真理。如果主语是三单，谓语就要变一变。以上歌谣念几遍，掌握还得多多练。一、 一般过去时1.一般过去时的构成构成规则例词一般情况在原形动词后加-edwatch-watched 原形动词以不发音的-e结尾的，直

7、接在动词后加-dhope-hoped, love-loved原形动词以辅音字母加-y结尾的变y为i再加-edcarry-carried, study-studied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，则双写最后的辅音字母再加-edbeg-begged, plan-planned一般过去时常用的时间状语：yesterday昨天，last week/month/year 上周/上个月/去年，the day before yesterday 前天，the week before last 前一周，the month before last前个月，the year before last前年，in

8、July在七月，in 2006在2006年，just now刚才，three days ago三天前，at the time 那时， 2一般过去时的用法 （1）过去发生的动作 表示过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作，或在过去一段时间内发生的经常性、习惯性动作而且肯定是已经结束。（2）过去的经常性动作 表示过去经常发生的动作或多次反复的行为。 He took a bus to school every day when he was a child.小时候他每天乘公交车上学 （3）描述已故的人 在谈论已去世的人的情况时常用过去时态。 Edison was a great inventor 爱迪生是个

9、伟大的发明家 Jack was blind all his life杰克终生失明 （4）表示过去的经验 过去时和ever, never, once 连用，表示过去的经验 Did you ever see a lion? 你见过狮子吗？ She never heard such a beautiful song before.她以前从没听过这么美的歌 注意：1. used to do; be/get used to doing (or sth.);be used to do 的区别 used to do 中的used to 是情态动词，加动词原形构成谓语，表示“过去经常” I used to g

10、et up at six in the morning.以前我经常早上6点起床 be/get used to doing(or sth.)表示“习惯于（做）某事”；used是个形容词，to为介词，因 此，后接动词用-ing形式，或名词 I am used to the life here 他已经习惯于这儿的生活了 be used to do 是个被动结构表示“被用于做某事” This knife is used to cut bread这把小刀用于切面包。用过去时仅表示“过去的经验”若表示“过去一直到现在为止的经验”，则用现在完成时，例如： She has never heard such a

11、 beautiful song before.三、一般将来时 1.一般将来时的构成 一般将来时由will/wont加动词原形构成，可用于一切人称。当主语是I或we时，也可用shall/shant加动词原形，尽管这一用法显得有些过时 一般将来时常用的时间状语： this afternoon/evening今天下午/晚上，tomorrow明天，the day after tomorrow后天，next week下个星期，the week after next下下个星期，next year明年，the year after next后年，in two days两天后，in two days time

12、两天后，in half an hour半个小时候，in a week一星期后 2.一般将来时的用法 （1）表示预测的将来 will/wont 用于表示“预测的将来”即分析判断认为某事肯定会发生 The weather will be good tomorrow.明天天气会很好 He will be in prison for a long time 他会在狱中呆很长时间。 （2）表示将来的意愿 Will/wont可用于谈论所作决定或个人的意愿，表示“将来”的意愿 You look tired. Ill cook dinner tonight.你看上去累了。今晚我来煮饭 No matter wh

13、at you say, I will not go with her无论你说什么我都不会和她一起走 （3）表示将来的事实 Will/wont用于表示“将来的事实”时，与判断、安排或意愿无关。 Ill be sixteen years old next month明年我就16岁了。 The sun will rise at 5:30 tomorrow明天早上太阳5点30分升起。 不用will/wont表示将来时的几种结构 （1）“be going to” “be going to +动词原形”表示即将发生，即“将要、就要”，或最近打算进行的，即“打算” It is going to rain天要

14、下雨了 We are going to have a meeting today 今天我们要开会 注意：在有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的句子中，主句一般不能用be going to 表示将来 When he comes, I shall/will(不用am going to)give him your message. If you come out for a walk, you will(不用are going to )feel much better.（1）“主将从现”在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来When I graduate next year, Ill go

15、to America明年毕业后我要去美国As soon as I get to Beijing, Ill ring you up我一到北京就会打电话给你You will get wet if you go out without an umbrella. 如果出去不带伞，你会被淋湿的Will he get angry if I tell him the truth tomorrow? 如果我明天把真相告诉他，他会生气吗？ (2) “be to ” “be to+动词原形”意为“预定”，指按计划进行或征求对方意见。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这男孩明

16、天要上学了 Are we to go on with this work ？我们要继续这项工作吗？ 此结构常用于if从句中，表示只有主句的行为发生后，if条件句中的情况才能成为可能 If a man is to succeed, he must work very hard.如果一个人要获得成功，他就必须非常努力地工作。（3）“be about to” “be about to +动词原形”意为“正要，即将”，表示眼下就要发生的事，因此后面一般不接将来时间状语 Ladies and gentlemen. Please take your seats. The performance is ab

17、out to start 女士们先生们，请坐好。演出就要开始了 The bus is about to leave汽车就要开了。 （4）用现在进行时表示将来 go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive, stay等的进行时态表示暗计划即将发生的动作、 My uncle is coming tomorrow Im leaving for Beijing soon。 四、现在进行时 1.现在进行时的构成 现在进行时由动词be(is/are)加现在分词构成 现在分词的构成构成规则例词一般情况原形动词后加-ingdraw-drawing, watch-watc

18、hing以不发音的-e结尾的动词去-e加-ingtake-taking, receive-receiving以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写辅音字母再加-ingswim-swimming, begin-beginning prefer - preferred permit-permitted (再查)以-ie结尾的动词变-ie为y再加-ingdie-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying We are living a happy life我们过着幸福的生活 2.现在进行时的用法（1）表示现在正在进行的动作或者某些体感动词的持续状态 They are playing tenni

19、s他们在打网球 It is still raining out side外面仍在下雨 My foot is hurting我的脚很痛 （2）特定的一段时间内反复发生的动作 现在进行时也可用来描述一个特定的时间段内反复进行的事情 Im feeding the neighbors cat this week while shes in hospital.这星期我的邻居住院期间我帮着喂养她的猫 Jacks having a hard time at the office at the moment and hes smoking about fifty cigarettes a day! 目前杰克工

20、作不顺心，他一天抽50支烟 （3）代替最近的将来 表示最近的将来，常伴有时间状语 We are leaving here tomorrow 我们明天要离开这儿了 They are getting married next month 他们下个月要结婚了 此用法常用于下列表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词：arrive, begin, close, come, die, fall, fly, go, land, leave, move, return, start, stay, stop, take off, travel等。（见一般将来时态注意4） （5）表示对反复发生的行为的不满 进行时态与al

21、ways, constantly, continually, forever等连用，可用来表达某种感情色彩，如不耐烦、不满意等。 She is always complaining 她老是抱怨 He is forever finding fault with me 他总是挑我的毛病 The postman is always putting your letters into my letter-box邮递员总是把你的信放到我的信箱里 （6）表达某种情感 现在进行时可以表示“关切”“礼貌”“强调”“赞美”等。 Are you feeling better today ?（表关切） Im hop

22、ing you will come(表礼貌) Im telling you the truth.（表强调） You are doing fine work at school.(表赞美)五、.过去进行时 1.过去进行时的构成 过去进行时由was/were加现在分词构成 He was watching television at eight yesterday evening 昨天晚上八点他在看电视 What were the children doing while all this was going on？这一切发生时孩子们在干什么？ 过去进行时常用的时间状语 at eight ocloc

23、k yesterday morning 昨天上午八点 this time yesterday/last week 昨天/上周这个时候This time yesterday Tom was not watching TV. He was doing his homework.昨天这个时候汤姆没有在看电视，他正在做他的家庭作业。Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon?昨天下午四点你正在打篮球吗？ 2.过去进行时的用法（1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作，常与过去时间状语连用 In 2005

24、 he was studying in a middle school 200年，他在一所中学学习 He was reading a book when I came in 我进门时他在读书 I was walking along the road when it began to rain我在路上走着突然下雨了 She was talking, but when I came in she stopped她正在说话，但我进来时她不说了 （3）表示对过去反复发生的行为的不满 也能与always, constantly, continually, forever等连用表达某种感情色彩 My br

25、other was always losing his keys我兄弟老是丢钥匙 注意：过去进行时与一般过去时的比较 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个已经完成的动作。试比较： He was writing a book last year.(此书可能尚未写完) He wrote a book last year (已经写完) 过去进行时表示短暂的动作，而一般过去时可用于表示较长久的情况。试比较： It happened while I was living in the countryside这件事发生时我正住在乡下 He lived in Paris during hi

26、s last years他在巴黎度过的他的晚年 六、.现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成 现在完成时由动词have或has加动词的过去分词构成 现在完成时常用的时间状语：already已经（用于肯定句） yet 还没有(用于否定句) just刚刚 so far到目前为止 seldom很少 never从不 ever曾经 since+过去时间点 自从以来 for+一段时间 有多长时间了in the past/last few years在过去的几年里 2.现在完成时的用法（1）过去动作持续到现在 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常与for和since连用。或与now,

27、 in the past/last few years, today, this week等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用I have never seen such fine pictures before. 我以前从来没有看过这么好的画。Though he has read the book three times, he hopes to read it again. 尽管他已经把这本书读了三遍，他仍然希望能再读一遍 I have been very busy in the past few days在过去的几天里我一直很忙since常见有以下三种用法：a）过去的时间点 sinceb)

28、一段时间+agoc) 从句（谓语用非持续性动词的过去时） He has taught English at this school since 1993 从1993年以来，他一直在这所学校教英语 I havent seen him since three years ago.三年来我一直没见过他 Great changes have taken place here since you left自从你离开以来，这儿发生了巨大的变化（2）过去动作产生的影响 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语 He has gone to Beijing(主语He目前在北

29、京) I have lost my walkman.(目前仍未找到) （3）与表过去的不明确的时间状语连用 现在完成时可与不明确定指出具体时间的状语连用，如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等 He has already had his lunch他已经吃完午饭了 I havent seen much of him recently我近来很少见到他 （4）正确使用for和since 表示短暂动作的词（如：come，buy, die, go, join, marry等）的完成时不能与for、since等表示一段时间的状语连用 I have

30、bought a house for six years（错误） I have bought a house（正确）I bought a house six years ago.(正确)I have had the house for six years(正确)He has joined the army since he graduated from school（错误）He has joined the army(正确)He joined the army two years ago(正确)He has been in the army for two years(正确)表示短暂动作的动词

31、在进行如下转换后才可用于表示一段时间的完成时态 借：borrow - has/have kept 买：buy - has/have had 感冒：catch a cold - has/have a cold 死：die - has/have been dead 入睡：fall asleep - has/have been asleep 病倒：fall ill - has/have been ll 参加：join - has/have been in 离开：leave - has/have been away 结婚：marry - has/have been married 开始：start -

32、 be on 注意：1. 区分动词的持续与非持续 序号非持（V.）持（be+adj.）1begin/startbe on2finishbe over3openbe open4closebe closed5diebe dead6marry sbbe married to sb7leavebe away8joinbe in9get upbe up10fall asleepbe asleep11emptybe empty12come/go to/reach/get to/arrive in/atbe in/at序号非持（V.）持（V.）1borrowkeep2buyhave3becomebe4mak

33、e friends withbe friends with sb5begin/start to know know 这本书他已借了四天了He has borrowed this book for four days () He has kept this book for four days ()自从杰克从伦敦回来他就病倒了Jack has fallen ill since he came back from London()Jack has been ill since he came back from London()戏已经开演半个小时了The play has started for

34、half an hour()The play has been on for half an hour()2.现在完成时用于下面2个句型中 在有序数词及the only 构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时： Itthe firstis+序数词 the last +名词+that+现在完成时This the only It is the first time that Ive seen such a wonderful building.这是我第一次看到这么雄伟的建筑 It (this) is the second time that weve met each other.这是我们第二次见面 It

35、 (this) is the only book that he has ever written .这是他写的唯一一本书 在有形容词最高级构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时：Itthe best/the worst 现在is+最高级 +名词+that+Thisthe most interesting完成时 It is the best film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过最好看的电影。 This is the most interesting book that Ive ever read这是我读过最有趣的书 3. have/has gone to /have/has be

36、en to: have/has gone to表示“去而未归”；have/has been to表示“去已归来” Eg：Hello，may I speak to Tom? Oh,sorry! He has gone to London(去了伦敦还没回来) Eg：John knows the way well. He has been to the city before.（以前去过已经回来）七、现在完成进行时表示现在完成时态第一种用法的基础上进一步强调一直，始终。用于现在完成进行时态的动词一定是持续性动词（持续性动词、非持续性动词）且该动作肯定持续到现在1.）现在完成时与过去时的区别 现在完成

37、时强调某种行为或动作一直延续到现在，过去时强调行为或动作的结束。 The tower has stood there for centuries这座塔几个世纪以来一直矗立在那儿（指现在仍在那儿） They drove on for three hours他们开了3个小时的车（指目前不在开车了） 现在完成时表述的时间尚未结束，过去时表述的时间已经过去。 I havent seen Keith this morning yet(现在仍是早晨) I didnt seen Keith at all this morning （现在是下午或晚上） 现在完成时与现在有联系，过去时仅表示过去的事情，与现在没

38、有联系I have lost my key to the drawer(至今无法打开抽屉)I lost my key to the drawer(也许现在仍未找到钥匙，也许已经找到）口诀记忆： 现在完成时事情发生在过去，必然与现在有联系；过去某时已开始，直到现在还持续。八、.过去完成时 1.过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由动词had加过去分词构成 She had learned English for seven years by the end of 2007.到2007年底她学习英语已经有7年了 They had moved to this new flat when I came to s

39、ee them last month上个月我去看他们时，他们已经搬进新居了 2.过去完成时的用法（1）表示过去的过去 具体地说，是指过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。 我给苏打电话时，她已经出去了 When I telephoned Sue, she had gone out She went out I telephoned Sue She had gone out 更早的过去 过去 现在When the police arrived the thief had run away. 过去时间参照点警察赶到时，小偷已经逃跑了 The thief had run away the po

40、lice arrived 更早的过去 过去 现在 I had learnt 5,000 English words before I entered the university.我进入大学前就已经掌握了5000个英语单词 By the end of last year we had built five new houses到去年底我们已经建了5幢新房子 主句用过去完成时时常与before，after，when等词引导的过去时间状语从句连用。 When we got there the match had already started当我们到达那里时，比赛已经开始了 Mary went o

41、ut to the park after she (had) finished her homework玛丽昨晚作业后就到公园去 The train (had) left before I reached the station.在我到达车站前火车已经开走了（2） 下列结构中要用过去完成时 By the end of+过去时间 By+过去时间 +句子（过去完成时） By the time +句子（用过去时） By the end of last week I had finished reading the book到上周末我已经读完了这本书 By three oclock yesterday

42、 afternoon they had arrived home.到昨天下午三点为止他们已经到家了 By the time you came she had already fallen asleep你来时她已经睡着了 不规则动词汇总(Part 1)AAA型： put-put-put let-let-let cut-cut-cut set-set-set * read-read-read ABA型：become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run ABB型：1. dt: build-built-built send-sent-sent spend-

43、spent-spent lend-lent-lent 2. +t: learn-learnt(learned)-learnt(learned) dream-dreamt(dreamed)-dreamt(dreamed)3. eepept: keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept 4. yi+d: pay-paid-paid say-said-said 5. 乱七八糟：leave-left-left feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt-spelt lose-lost-lost meet-met-met feed-fe

44、d-fed hold-held-held tell-told-told sell-sold-sold make-made-made have-had-had sit-sat-sat find-found-found lie-lied-lied(说谎) lie-lay-lain（躺着） stand-stood-stood get-got-got hear-heard-heard forget-forgot-forgot think-thought-thought bring-brought-brought buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach-t

45、aught-taught ABC型： 1. 原形变形原形+ en / nbe(am,is)- was - been be(are)-were-been see-saw-seen give-gave-given take-took-taken drive-drove-driven eat -ate eaten write-wrote-written show-showed-shownforget-forgot-forgotten beat-beat-beaten fall-fell-fallen 2. 原形变形原形+ ne do-did-done go-went-gone 3. 原形 “ew”

46、“原形-n”grow-grew-grown throw-threw-thrown know-knew-known draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown fly-flew-flown4. 原形 “-a-” “-u-”begin-began-begun ring-rang - rung drink-drank-drunk sing -sang-sung swim-swam-swum5. 原形 “-o-” “过去式-n”break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken bear-bore-borne wear-wore-worn 不规则动词汇总AA

47、A型： shut-shut-shut cost-cost-cost hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt bet-bet-bet spread-spread-spreadABA型：overcome-overcame-overcome ABB型： 6. + t: mean-meant-meant burn-burnt-burnt 7. eepept: sweep-swept-swept oversleep-overslept-overslept8. yi+d: lay-laid-laid 9. 乱七八糟：stick-stuck-stuck may-might-might shal

48、l-should hear-heard-heard fight-fought-fought can-could will-would win-won-won hang-hanged-hanged(绞死) hang-hung-hung（悬挂) dig-dug-dug understand-understood-understood lead-led-led light-lit-lit shine-shone-shone speed-sped-sped ABC型：1. 原形变形原形+ en / nride-rode ridden freeze-froze-frozen choose-chose-c

49、hosen hide-hid-hidden mistake-mistook-mistaken shake-shook-shaken steal-stole-stolen wake-woke-woken rise-rose-risen 动词的时态练习一单选：1. The supermarket is far from Marys house .So she only once a week.A goes shopping B.has been there C.was shopping D.has gone there2. -Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?-S

50、orry, I havent. Why you ask Mary? Perhaps shes got one.A. do B. dont C did D didnt3. -Susan didnt like popular music, did she? -_.A. Yes, but she didnt B. No, but she did C.Yes, but she does D. No, but she does4. -How is Mike now?-Dont worry. He will call us as soon as he the USA.A. gets B. reaches

51、C. will get D. will reach5. If Mike up earlier, he can finish the work in time.A. get B, will get C. gets D. is getting6. Please dont leave until your teacher back.A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming7. I want to know if there a sports meeting next month. If they it, I must get ready for it.A. is; will hold B. will be; hold C. will be; will hold D. will have; hold 8. -Tell him to come to see me, will you?-Sure. I will let him know as soon as he A return B returns C will return D returned9. If Mr. Smith back， please let me know.A will come B comes C came D had come10