Vocabulary大学高级英语6

1、VocabularyUnit 11. psychiatrist: (从医学角度治疗) 精神病医生 psychologist: 心理学家2. rewarding: worth doing; satisfying3. change for the better: improve something that already exists 向着较好的情况转变；为了取得更好的结果E.g.: His health has changed for the better. 他的健康状况已有好转。 make alterations for the better in the design of a house

2、 修改房屋的设计使之更趋完善c.f.: change for the worse: make worse something that already exists or that has gone before 向着较坏的情况转变，更不好E.g.: He bought a new car but it turned out to be for the worse. 他买了一辆新汽车，但结果比原来的还不好。for better (or) for worse (或 for better or worse): in both good and bad fortune; whether the re

3、sult is good or bad 同甘共苦, 祸福与共; 不管是好是歹, 不论是祸是福; 不管结果怎样E.g.: He has resolved to take her for better or for worse. 不论是福是祸，他决心娶她为妻。Most leave-taking - for better or worse - are temporary affairs. 不管怎样，大多数的告别只是暂别。4. wintry: of or like winter; cold, snowy (似) 冬天的；寒冷的；多雪的E.g.: a wintry smile 冷若冰雪的微笑5. fru

4、strated: feeling annoyed or disappointed because of the prevention of the fulfillment of or defeat of someone or someones effort, hopes, etc. 表示作出的某种努力受阻而失望或沮丧E.g.: 1 ) Im feeling rather frustrated in my present job; I need a change. 2 ) I feel frustrated; I cant go after all! 我感到很失望；我终归还是去不成了。6. de

5、pressed: sad; low in spirits 沮丧的；抑郁的；（意志）消沉的E.g.: I feel really depressed today, nothing went right. 今天我真倒霉，什么都不顺利7. on ones part: made or done by one 某人所做的，某人有责任的；就某人而言，在某人一方；代表某人E.g.: 1) I consider this a gross oversight on your part. 我认为这是你的严重疏忽。 2) It was the lapse on the part of my wife. 这是我妻子出

6、的差错。There are still some doubts on the part of the employers. 雇主方面仍心存怀疑。A frank question on his part led to a frank answer on mine. 他问题提得直率，因此我也回答得坦诚。He expressed appreciation on the part of himself and his colleagues. 他代表自己以及同事们表示感谢。8. fall through: fail to be successfully completed; come to nothin

7、g 失败，成为泡影；不能践约，失约E.g.: To his disappointment, his plan to do further studies in the university fell through.I have made an appointment with him, but Im afraid hell fall through. 我已和他约好会面，可是我怕他会失约。9. hindsight: wisdom about an event after it has occurred 事后的觉悟；事后的聪明E.g.: By hindsight I should have go

8、ne there earlier. 事后想来，我应早些去那里。Hindsight is always clearer than ones view at the time. 事后看问题总要比当时看得清楚c.f.: foresight: the ability to imagine what will probably happen, allowing one to act to help or prevent developments; care or wise planning for the future 预见；先见之明10. chew the cud: think deeply befo

9、re making a decision; think reflectively 深思，反复思考E.g.: He didnt reply immediately, but seemed rather to be chewing his cud. 他没有立即回答，不过看上去在反复思考。11.perceptiveness: unusual ability to notice and understand; awareness and understanding 观察敏锐；善于理解E.g.: We all admired his perceptiveness; he was always so qu

10、ick to respond to a new situation.12. melancholy: adj. characterized by sadness; n. a feeling of thoughtful sadnessE.g.: He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.E.g.: All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.13. berate sb.: speak to sb. angrily about something he/she has done wron

11、gE.g. Marion berated Joe for the noise he made.14. lament: v. express sadness, regret, or disappointment about something; n. a poem, song, or a piece of music that expresses sorrow. E.g. The children lament the death of their mother.E.g. He composed a lament to the death of soldier.15. perverse: som

12、eone who is perverse deliberately does things that are unreasonable or that result in harm for themselvesE.g. It is perverse of him to buy hotdogs when we want ice-cream.16. to be sure: I can not deny that; admittedly 无可否认；诚然；固然；必须承认E.g.: He is clever, to be sure, but not very hard-working. 他聪明是聪明，但

13、不怎么勤奋。 He is young, to be sure, but experienced. 他固然还年轻，但很有经验。Unit 21. exhort: (formal) urge or advise strongly 规劝; 告诫E.g.: The teacher exhorted her students to do their own research work.We are exhorted not to waste our time on the chatroom online.2. elegant: having the qualities of grace, beauty,

14、and fashion 文雅的，雅致的；讲究的，精美的E.g.: elegant manners 优雅的风度 an elegant dress 漂亮雅致的女服 a set of books with elegant bindings 一套装帧精美的书籍3. get / come around / round to: find time for, especially after delay 抽出时间来做（或考虑）E.g.: The committee will get round to your suggestion after theyve dealt with urgent busines

15、s. After a long delay he got round to writing the letter.4. worthy: (sometimes humorous) a person of importance 知名人士；杰出人物E.g.: local worthies 地方名流He had been a college worthy. 他曾是学院里大名鼎鼎的人。5. cool / kick ones heels: (colloquial) be forced to wait; be kept waitingE.g.: I had to cool/kick my heels for

16、 nearly two hours before I could see my boss.anteroom: (also antechamber) a room in which people wait, as before seeing a doctor (连接正厅的) 前厅，候见室6. attest to: testify to; serve as an evidence to affirm / to be proof of 证明，表明E.g.: His success attests to his ability. 他的成功表明他有能力。7. ever: always 总是，不断地；永远

17、，始终E.g.: War and suffering have ever gone hand in hand. 战争和苦难总是结伴而行的。 He is ever making the same mistake. 他老是犯同样的错误。 ever-rising costs and prices 不断上涨的费用和物价8. dub: give (someone) an unofficial name or nickname 给起绰号；把称为；授予称号; provide (a film) with a soundtrack in a different language from the origina

18、l 配音E.g.: He was dubbed Shorty because of his size. 他因身材短小被人取了个矮子的绰号。The region is dubbed the paradise on earth. 这地方被称为人间天堂。Quite a number of imported films are dubbed in mandarin. 大部分进口电影都用普通话配了音。9. plead: vt. (formal) give as an excuse for an action 提出为理由；提出为借口; vi. ask earnestly and in a begging

19、way恳求E.g.: The thief pleaded poverty. 那贼说是因为贫穷才偷窃的。The Government pleaded ignorance. 政府借口不知情。I pleaded fatigue, and excused myself. 我推说疲乏就告退了。She pleaded for more time to finish her work. 她恳求给与更多的时间以完成工作。The child pleaded with his parents to let him watch TV at a supper time.10. rationalize: attempt

20、 to explain or justify ones action with plausible reasons, even if they are not true or appropriateE.g.: Dont rationalize your incompetence by finding fault with the method. 11. do-it-nowers: those who act promptly12. at an ungodly 6:30 p.m.: at an unusually early hour. The author thinks 6:30 p.m. i

21、s rather too early for a planned formal dinner.13. ungodly: (informal) very unreasonable 不适当的；不可思议的；令人不能容忍的E.g.: He called at an ungodly hour. 他来得很不是时候。 eat an ungodly amount 食量大得叫人难以相信 14. apocalyptic: (often derogatory) foreboding imminent disaster or final doom 预示世界末日恐怖景象的E.g.: an apocalyptic ima

22、gination 充满世界末日恐怖景象的想象力 take an apocalyptic view of the future 对未来抱极端悲观的看法apocalypse: the showing of hidden things, especially the telling of what will happen when the world ends 天启，启示；启示录；世界末日大灾变 15. all the trouble procrastination may incur: all the trouble that a persons delay in action may bring

23、 upon himincur: become subject to (something unpleasant) as a result of ones own action 招致, 引起, 带来; 遭受, 受到E.g.: The company incurred a heavy loss due to mismanagement. incur somebodys displeasure (envy) 招致某人的不悦 (妒忌) incur a protest 惹起抗议 incur great expense 招致巨额花费 16. geodetic survey: land area surve

24、y 大地测量geodetics (= geodesy): science of land area survey 大地测量学，大地测量术ledge: a flat shelf of rock, especially one that stretches a long way below the sea (近海岸的) 暗礁porcupine: a type of quite small short-legged animal that has very long stiff prickles (quills刺) all over its back and sides. It is larger

25、than a hedgehog (美洲箭猪) 豪猪17. proconsul: (in ancient Rome) a governor of a part of the Roman Empire; (formal or pompous) an administrator in a colony usually with wide powers 总督18. ruminate: (formal) go over in the mind repeatedly and often slowly 反刍；沉思；反复思考E.g.: He ruminated over / on the situation

26、before he made the final decision.She ruminated for a long time before she expressed her opinion.sling: 斯林酒 (一种由烈酒、水、糖、柠檬汁等混合而成的饮料)blessedly: happily19. nattering (natter v.): (BrE informal) chattering; hence, noisyE.g.: They nattered away for an hour about nothing. 他们空谈了一个小时。20. the worlds most add

27、icted postponers: the worlds worst postponers who just could not free themselves from postponingaddicted: dependent on something (usually a drug) and unable to stop having it; enthusiastically devoted to a particular thing or activityE.g.: He is addicted to cocaine / heroin. be addicted to computer

28、games21. echelon: (often plural with singular meaning) (in a group of people or organization) rank, level 阶层E.g.: the top echelon of the Civil Service 文职官员中的最高层 the leading echelons of a government 政府的领导阶层 the higher (lower) echelons 较高（低）职位的全体人员22. corporate dynamics: the pattern of growth, change

29、or development of a corporation 企业的动态23. the caution that breeds delay: the great care that causes delaybreed: cause (a usually unpleasant condition or feeling) to developE.g.: Some people believe that violence breeds violence. Mosquitoes breed malaria. Familiarity breeds contempt. 近之则不逊。 24. fortif

30、y: encourage; supportE.g. The country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。E.g. Would you care for some tea, or even a light meal, to fortify yourself before your adventure?你要不要喝点儿茶，或吃点儿便餐，好在冒险之前增加一点体力？25. flourish: develop rapidly. When speaking of a person, an animal, etc., it means “grow o

31、r develop in a healthy or vigorous way”.E.g.: The trees planted on the school campus are flourishing. E.g.: Were happy to see these disabled children flourish in their foster-homes (寄养家庭).26. many languages are studded with phrases: many languages are provided with phrasesstud: a small piece of meta

32、l which is attached to a surface as a decoration 饰钉be studded with: be covered with something like studsE.g.: the sky studded with stars a sea studded with islandslanguages studded with phrases: you find phrases in languages just like studs27. academe: the academic community; academics 学术界；学术环境take

33、high honors: do very well, earn great distinction 28. churn out three to five pages of writing a day: produce three to five pages a daychurn out: produce something routinely or mechanically, especially in large quantities. The phrase is used ironically and jokingly here, for three to five pages of w

34、riting cannot be considered as a large quantity.29. check out the latest book: examine the latest book carefully; borrow the latest book from the library30. maintain: state as true; argue for 断言；主张31. assiduous (assiduity n.): showing great care and perseverance; hard-working 勤奋的，刻苦的；坚持不懈地，一丝不苟地进行的E

35、.g.: be assiduous in ones duties 勤奋从事本职工作E.g.: assiduous editing 一丝不苟的编辑工作31. shrink: (AmE humorous and slang) headshrinker; psychiatrist, psychoanalyst 精神病医师；精神分析学家32. subliminal: existing or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness 潜意识的E.g.: subliminal advertising (电视等的)速闪广告、隐性广告 (即将广告内

36、容在观众面前一掠而过，使观众潜意识受到冲击)E.g.: Color has a profound, though often subliminal influence on our senses and moods.33. drag ones feet / heels: (informal) act intentionally in a slow or ineffective way E.g.: Your firm is dragging its feet over signing this contract.34. truism: an undoubted or self-evident t

37、ruth 自明之理；不言而喻的事；老生常谈35. deliberation: long and careful consideration or discussion; slow and unhurried movement 细想，考虑；研究；审慎；从容E.g.: After much deliberation, I decided not to go. 我在再三考虑后决定不去了。speak with deliberation 字斟句酌地讲话36. entree: (歌剧或芭蕾舞剧中) 开头的一个曲目；(美) 主菜37. mellow and marinate / marinade: to m

38、ellow is to become ripe or fully developed, and to marinate / marinade is to steep (meat, fish) in a savory sauce to enrich its flavor; here, ripen and mature38. pace: with all due respect or deference to (a specified person who does not or may not agree) 请（可能与自己意见不同的人）原谅，怀着对的敬意E.g.: I have not, pac

39、e my detractors, entered into any “deals”. 我并没有-请诋毁我的诸君容我辩白-参与任何“交易”。E.g. I did not quite appreciate the lyrics, pace the songwriter.39. by all means: (formal) yes, of course; certainly 当然可以E.g.: - May I have one? - Yes, by all means. Unit 31. to play God: to function as God, i.e. to decide when to

40、terminate a person's life. Christians believe that only God has the right to decide when a person's life should end. 2. the Phil Donahue show: The Phil Donahue Show, also known as Donahue, is an American television talk show that ran for 26 years on national television. Its run was preceded

41、by three years of local broadcast in Dayton, Ohio, and it was broadcast nationwide between 1967 and 1996.3. a fatted calf: (literal) a fat young cow; (extended) a big meal; a major target4. flock:n. a group of (birds/sheep/goats, or people); v. move as a crowd or in a groupE.g. They kept a small flo

42、ck of sheep/birds/goats.他们养了一小群羊、鸟。E.g. These cases all attracted flocks of famous writers. 这些案件都吸引了大批知名作家的关注。E.g. The public have flocked to the show.公众蜂拥而至观看演出。c.f. a herd of cattlea school of fish5. hunger: vi. have a craving, appetite, or great desire forhunger for/after sth. OR hunger to do sth

43、.E.g. But Jules was not eager for classroom learning; he hungered for adventure.6. pick at: a) eat like a bird/ eat sparingly or without appetite; b) express a negative opinion ofHere, in the context, it is understood as a).7. resuscitate: make someone breathe/become conscious again; restore/recover

44、 frommouth-to-mouth resuscitation人工呼吸CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) 心肺复苏8. macho: n. a man being strong or brave, or showing his feelings adj. (used or men) markedly masculine in appearance or manner; manly/virile9. attack equipment: weapons used in a defensive or offensive action 10. single-h

45、andedly: adv. on ones own, without help from anyone else 11. in the scheme of things: in the way things generally happenE.g. Man needs to understand his place in the scheme of things.人类需要理解自身在事物发展过程中的地位。E.g. A two-week delay will not matter in the overall scheme of things.拖延两周在整件事的发展中影响不大。13. haggar

46、d: adj. having lines on the face and hollow places around the eyes and in the cheeks, as through tiredness or lack of sleepE.g. Like many presidents, Lincoln grew visibly haggard during his presidency.14. beaten: adj. exhausted; tired out15. When Mac had wasted away to a 60-pound skeleton: When Mac

47、had been reduced to a 60-pound skeleton waste away (of a person or a part of the body) become progressively weaker and more emaciated 变得消瘦、衰弱e.g. She is dying of AIDS, visibly wasting away. 16. i.v. solutions: "i.v." is the abbreviation of "intravenous", meaning "within

48、 a vein", and "i.v. solutions" refers to the liquid substances infused directly into the vein of a patient for therapeutic purposes.17. code blue: refer to note 3 in the textbook18. work ones miracles/ wonders/ magic: have a powerful positive effectE.g. The tonic will work miracles fo

49、r your depression.这种补药对治疗你的忧郁症十分有效。E.g. Transplant surgeons work miracles.移植外科医生创造了奇迹。19. irrigate the big craters of bedsores: The verb "irrigate" normally means "to supply water to land or crops to help growth." In medicine, the word can be used to mean "to apply a continu

50、ous flow of water or medication to an organ or a wound.”20. suction the lung fluids that threatened to drown him: drain the excessive lung fluids that threaten his life21. that seemed woven into the fabric of my uniform: that seemed to have become an element of the fabric of my uniformweave sth. int

51、o include sth. as an integral part or element (of a fabric); include an element in a story, an artistic work, etc.e.g. Some golden threads are woven into the fabric.Argumentative paragraphs are naturally woven into Huttmann's narration. 22. to be liable for negligence: to be held responsible for

52、 failing to perform my dutybe liable for to be responsible for by law, to be legally answerable to对有责任be liable to be likely to do or to be something, likely to experience sth. (unpleasant) 易受、易于发生E.g. Once you have contacted the credit card protection scheme, you are no longer liable for any loss t

53、hat might occur.He is suffering from hypertension and thus is liable to fall if he gets up too suddenly.The low-lying areas are liable to floods during the rainy season.23. lucid: adj. 1)(of language) transparently clear; easily understandable 2) having a clear mind; capable of thinking and expressi

54、ng oneself clearlyE.g. His prose is always lucid and compelling. 他的散文素来简洁、有力。E.g. He wasnt very lucid; he didnt know where he was.24. still vt. & vi.e.g. He clapped his hands to still the agitated audience.When night fell, the village which was boisterous with tourists in the daytime stilled.25.

55、 building character: developing his personal qualities (so that he could face up to the adversity better)26. salvation: 1) in Christianity, salvation is the fact that Christ has saved a person from evil灵魂的得救;救赎2) the act of saving拯救;解救27. meddle in: interfere ine.g. Young people today do not like th

56、eir parents to meddle in their lives.meddle with touch or handle sth. without permissione.g. You can use my room but you're not supposed to meddle with my stuffs, especially my computer.28. riddled me with guilt: filled me with a strong sense of guiltThe verb riddle here means "fill or perm

57、eate sb. or sth. esp. with sth. unpleasant or undesirable".E.g. The darkness saved me from being riddled with bullets.深处黑暗中让我不至于被子弹打得浑身是洞。29. A clutch of panic banded my chest: I was so seized by panic that I felt simply suffocatedclutch n. graspband v. surround (an object) with sth. in the form of a strip or ring, typically for reinforcement or decoration (usu. be banded )e.g. The doors to the warehouse are all banded with iron to make them stronger.