冠词的用法详解

1、冠词的用法详解英语中冠词分为定冠词 the 和不定冠词 a/an 两种。冠词一般不单独使用，往往放在名词前 面，表示不同的意义。一： a 和 an 区别A 用于辅音前， an 用于元音前。特别注意的是 an 用于元音因素（发音）而不是字母前。1. 拼写以辅音字母开头读音却以元音开头的单词hour, honest, honor 等单词的拼写虽然以辅音字母 h 开头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此， 前面要用 an。可熟记下面这句话：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task. （ 一小时前，一位诚实的人接受了一项 光荣的任务。 ）2.

2、拼写以元音字母开头读音却以辅音开头的单词useful, university, usual, European, united, one-eyed, one-way 等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开 头，但其读音却以元音开头，因此，前面要用a。可熟记下面这句话：In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool. This is a usual thing. （在一所大学里， 有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道 行走，这是件平常的事。 ）如：Five

3、years ago her brother was university student of physics. （ 上海卷 ）A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /【分析】答案选 D。因为 university 是以辅音 j 开头的要用 a，排除 B 和 C；physics 是学科名 词，前面不用冠词。3. 英文字母前用 a还是用 an 的问题在 26 个英文字母中， A ei, e i, f ef, h eitf I ai, lel m em , n en o ou ra sesx eks等 12 个字母的读音是以元音开头的，因此前面要用an 。其余字母

4、则是以辅音开头的。如：Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped ” m” here. （全国卷 ）A. an B. the C. / D. aThere is a “ u' ,an m' and a p' in the word “ jump:.【分析】答案选 A。因为字母 m 的发音是以元音 e开头的， 所以用 an；这里的 an 的意义与 one 相当，表示“一个”。 an NBA star 一个篮球明星 an MIT student. 一个麻省理工的学生二：不定冠词的用法1：表示“一个”与“ o

5、ne ”相同Rome wasn' t built in a day.He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled.2:与专有名词连用，表示“某一”。“一个叫 的人”。The little boy wants to be a Le Feng.A professor from Qinghua University will give us a lecture.A Mr smith is waiting for you at the school gate.3：表示“每一”相当于 per ，用于某些表示时间、重量、长度等的单位前。500

6、 dollars a day , four times a day , twice a day ,8 hours a dayWe go swimming four times a week.4: a +most 表示“非常”。Though it is a most interesting book in these books ,it is not the most interesting one.This is a most troublesome case.5: a+序数词，表示“再一”、“又一”You can try it a second time if you failWhen I

7、sat down a fifth man rose to speak.6:a(n)+名词，作表语表职业。He is a professor .She is a engineer.但是 He turned sailor after he grew up.= He became a sailor after he grew up7：表示“同一”“相同”，等于“ the same”They are of an age.=They are of the same age.Birds of a feather flock togetherThe two shirts are much of a size

8、.8:在感叹句中What a splendid performance it is .How serious a problem it is .9:在 so, as ,too ,how+形容词之后He is so famous a poet that he is admired by othersIt is as fine a day as I have ever spent,It is too difficult a book for you to read .He doesn' t know how precious a thing it is.10: 在 half, many ,

9、 quite ,rather 之后Half a dozen of apples , many a flower ,quite a good idea ,rather a clever boy ,such a funny expressionHe is quite a good actor.Don't be in such a hurry.11: 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.12; 表示一类人和东西A tiger can be dang

10、erous.A teacher must love his students.A bad workman quarrels with his tools.A dog is a faithful animal.=Dogs are faithful animals.13:物质名词的具体化，The people in China like tea and green tea is a wonderful tea.We don' t have much rain here ,but last night we had a heavy rain.Please give me a coffee .

11、( a cup of coffee)14:抽象名词的具体化The sports meet was a great success.It is an honour to be invited to the party.Reading is a pleasure for me.15：世界上独一无二的东西前有修饰语时：We hope we can see a full moon tonight.China hopes to see a peaceful and friendly world in the 21st century.16:在表示季节、月份、日期、三餐前有修饰语时：We had a ve

12、ry cold winter last year.This happened on a cold night.We had a wonderful lunch at that party.17:首次提到的单数可数名词前There is a man and an animal at the gate.18:某些固定短语中：a great/good deal of ,a good many of ,a number of ,a lot of ,as a result of ,all of a sudden ,get in a word ,have a cold ,go for a walk, in

13、 a hurry ,after a while ,once in a while ,as a matte of fact ,once upon a time ,have a word with ,one at a time ,a waste of三：使用定冠词的情况：1：表示特定的人或物The book on the desk is mine.The girl in blue is my sister.2:上文提到的人或物前面I bought a shirt yesterday .The shirt was very beautiful精选They have a son and a daugh

14、ter .The song is a lawyer and the daughter is a nurse.3:表示谈话人双方都知道的人或物Jack， close the window please.The manager is in the office. 3：用于单数可数名词前表示类别，相当于不定冠词表示类别A lion is a dangerous animal.=The lion is a dangerous animal.=Lions are dangerous animals. 5:在表示整个类别的名词前The tiger is in danger of dying out.The

15、 lion is more fierce than the wolf. 6:在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前，但是前面有修饰语时可以用不定冠词The sun /moon/star/earth/world/sky /universe/seaThe moon cast a shadow on the wall.A bright moon hangs over the garden.7:在表示方向、方位的名词前In the east/west/south/north. On the right/left ,in the middleThe wind is blowing from the east

16、.Turn (to the )left, and you will find the cinema. 8:在表示自然现象的名词前The weather/climate /wind. 但是 nature 前不用冠词The farmers are complaining about the weather.9:用于形容词之前表示一类人或物The poor/sick/rich/wounded/dead/deaf/blind/public/living /youngThe rich are not always happier than the poor.Soon he would be among

17、the unemployed.You can' t expect them to do the impossible.10:表示乐器、娱乐场所名词前I like playing the piano/violin/flute/guitar.I used to go the cinema/concert/theater/party. 11:表示某项发明单数名词前The compass was invented in China 2000years ago.Who invented the telephone?12:用于序数词或形容词最高级前The earliest coins in the

18、 world were used in China.He is always the first to come to school.13: 在 only, same ,right ,very 之前 just 之后He was the only person invited to the ball in the office.Don' t make the same mistake again.比较：This is the very book that I ' m eager to read.This is just the book that I ' m eager

19、to read. 14：用在复数的姓氏前表示一家人或者夫妇The Jones will come to the party tonight.The smiths love animals.15：与民族、国籍的名词连用指全体The Chinese are a hardworking people.The English re proud of their sense of humour.16:在“越来越”的结构中The more he has ,the more he wants.The more learned he is ,the more modest he is.17：用在世纪或者逢十进

20、位的复数年代前In the 19th century, in the 1980s,in the 1980 ' s18：在抓打人体某部位名词前Pat/strike/hit sb on the head/nose/shoulder/backTake /catch/seize sb by the arm/hand/collar/sleeve19:在表示剂量的名词前By the dozen/ton/pound/month/day/week/hourBy dozens /hundreds/inches但是， by weight/volume, 按重量、体积计算不用 the20：用于特指的不可数名

21、词前Did you take the advice that he gave you about the matter?The air in the room is fresh.21:用于江、河、湖、海、洋、运河等专有名词前the Yangtze River .the West Lake ,the Red sea the Atlantic Ocean .the Panama Canel 22:用于山脉群岛等专有名词前，但是孤岛孤山前不用冠词the Alps, the Philipines , Mount Tai23:用于表示海湾、海峡、沙漠等专有名词前The Taiwan Straits, t

22、he English Channel, the Sahara Desert 24:含有普通名词的专有名词前the People' s Republic of China, the United Stated of American 25:表示公共建筑的专有名词前the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the children ' s palace 26：用于阶级、党派、组织机构等专有名词前the United Nations ， the Chinese Communist Party 27:报纸、杂志、会议、条约、历史事件、时期、朝代前the Tim

23、es the xi'an Incident the Middle Ages the Ming Dynasty/period the Atlantic Pact西洋公约顺口溜： 特指重提和唯一 方位顺序和乐器 姓氏复数国全名 岛屿海峡和海湾 年代团体和机 关海洋党派最高级 沙漠河流与群山 船名建筑和组织 会议条约和报刊 请你记住用定冠四：不用冠词的情况： 1：表示一类人或事物的复数名词前 Children begin school at the age of six.We must tell friends from enemies.2 当 man 表示人类，或者当 man ,woman

24、 表示全体时Man can' t live without water.Man is stronger than woman.Man has existed for thousands of years. 3:在表示家人称谓或称呼前Come in ,boy.Mother is not at home. 4：不含普通名词的专有名词前Zhou Lan was performing in her first competition. Russia is the largest country in the world.The building stands on Linclon Street

25、.China is no longer the China （特指） of the past. 5：当抽象名词表示一般概念时Failure is the mother of success.Health is better than wealth.He has no sense of humour.I can' t catch the humour （ 特指 ）of his talk.6：当物质名词表示一般概念时：Paper is made from wood.Clothes are made of cloth.比较：We can' t live without air.The

26、 air in the room is fresh. 7：当名词前有指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，序数词前有物主代词修饰时：Paul remembers one of his first lessons from this teacher.His heart is beating wildly with fear.A bomb exploded and destroyed his house. 8:在表示季节、月份、日期、星期等的名词前In summer/autumn/spring/winter 但是 in the spring（ 特指 ） of 1949In January/Februa

27、ry/March/ , on Sunday/Monday/Wednesday9:在节日、假日等名词前on Christmas Day on New Year' s Day on National Day但是与 festival 连用，要用 theThe Middle-Autumn Festival the spring Festival the Dragon Festival the Lantern Festival 10:在语言名词前一般不加冠词。如：I wrote a letter to my friend in English yesterday evening .11 在表示学

28、科的名词前不加冠词。如：I like physics best .12: 在球类运动之前不加冠词。如：The young man almost plays football every day13: 在一日三餐之前，不加冠词。如：I had lunch at school last term .14、许多有关组织机构和交通工具的短语中，不加冠词。如：He s going to Beijing by plane .15: 在语言名词前一般不加冠词。如：I wrote a letter to my friend in English yesterday evening但是与 language 连用

29、时要加Chinese the Chinese language16: school , college , bed , prison , hospital 这些若不是指具体的东西时不用冠词。如：He lay in bed till night .17:kind /sort /type of + 名词，名词不用冠词Those sorts of dogs are really dangerous .The concert attracted all kinds of people.18：在表示独一无二的头衔时名词在句中作表语、同位语、 补语或介词的宾语时，以及表示头衔、职位的名词与姓氏连用时：We

30、 elected him president of the society.Tom was captain of the ship.Premier Zhu was on a visit to Japan at that time.Professor Jackson is giving us a lecture on environment protection.比较：Mr .smith was head of the company.The head of the company is Mr smith.19:在日夜的各个阶段前At daybreak/sunrise/dawn/noon/dar

31、k/night/midnightAt/by/before/after 4 o ' clock但是 in the morning /afternoon/evening 20. in+书写工具或颜料时Please write in ink/red/black.但是 please write with a pen /pencil.21:and ,after ,by ,from 连接对等的名词时Day and night day after day day by day shoulder to shoulder arm in arm face to face little by littleF

32、rom beginning to end from time to time from east to west from morning till night22:表示程度的形容词最高级做表语时，但是有比较范围的用theWe are busiest on Sunday.This book is most useful.Of all methods , this is the most effective.She is the younger of the two.23 :turn, go 做“变为”“成为”时，后面的名词前不用冠词He was a medical student before

33、 he turned writer.He has gone socialist.比较：He became a lawyer when he grew upHe turned lawyer when he grew up24 as ,though 引导的让步状语从句的倒装句中，名词前不用冠词Child as he is ,he knows a lot about computer.=though he is a child he knows a lot about computer.Professor as he is ,he is very modest. = Though he is a p

34、rofessor ,he is very modest.25,在独立主格结构中，名词 +介词 +名词的名词前The man climbed in ,sword in hand.The old man stood there ,pipe in mouth.比较：He sat at the table ,pen in hand.He sat at the table ,a pen in his hand.He sat at the table ,with a pen in his hand.He sat at the table and a pen was in his hand.26:有些不可数

35、名词尽管有形容词修饰也不用冠词What fine weather it is.It is great fun to watch a close match.Here is good news for you.He has made great progress in English.He got useful information about computer.I wish you good luck in the evening.What good advice he gave us on how to learn English.27 :在固定短语中，有时也不用冠词At home at

36、first at least at present at work at most at home and broad by means of catch hold of catch sight of catch fire come into being come into action come into power come into use do justice to 公平地对待，公正地评判do damage to do good to do wrong to 冤枉某人 , 对不起某人do harm to for instance have words with in spite of

37、in need ofIn charge of In search of in time of in place of 代替 in advance in public in business in silence in chains 上着镣铐 , 在囚禁中 ,戴着镣铐 in common in sight in danger in space in debt in high/low spirits in doubt in favour of in surprise In groups in time in height 在 高度、身高上 in modern times in order in t

38、rouble in use 在使用着的，在用的in other words in case leave word make friends with make fun of make room for make use of make repairs on second thought(s) On time on foot on show 展出,展览 ,在展出 on duty on sale out of breath out of sight out of work out of control out of doorspayattention to put . into practice 实施，实行set . on fire = set fire to 使燃烧，点燃starve to death sentence . to deathmedicine take pride in take care of take part inturn . into realityword came thatstand at attention send word shake hands with take五： .有无冠词，意义不一样1 at table 在进餐时at the tabl