2018年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题

1、2018年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题Part I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER S

2、HEET.1. When _ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.A. appear B. appeared C. appearing D. appears 2. Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not _ that.A. seeing B. being seen C. see D. to see 3. The residents, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all their homes B. all wh

3、ose homes C. all of whose homes D. all of their homes 4. _, I must do another experiment.A. Be it ever so late B. It is ever so late C. It be ever so late D. So late it be ever 5. I wish _ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear its a beautiful city.A. I wentB. I had gone C. to go D. to have gone

4、6. Tom _ better than to ask Dick for help.A. shall know B. has known C. shouldnt know D. should have known 7. There has been much opposition from some social groups, _from the farming community.A. straightforwardly B. notably C. virtually D. exceptionally 8. The _ view in Britain and other Western c

5、ountries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A. predominant B. credulous C. inclusive D. sustainable9. The foreman read the _ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A. prejudice B. verification C. verdict D. punishment 10. They fear it could have a(n) _

6、effect on global financial markets.A. sizeable B. adverse C. beneficial D. consequential 11. Just as you do not wish others to _ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to be free to follow their own direction in life.A. inflictB. dispute C. ridicule D. antedate 12.The children have a more

7、 _ view, only taking in consideration what will work. A. pragmatic B. dreary C. marital D. dominant12. While a quarter of men wash their cars once a week, fewer than one in five women carry out the _. A. attribute B. chore C. repast D. jargon13. He was a lonely, miserable _.A. feast B. spouse C. wre

8、tch D. dignity14. This newly established institution has to face a whole range of crimes and _.A. femininity B. prescriptions C. delinquencies D. authenticity Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or un

9、finished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weatherin

10、g the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar”online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internet's special character

11、istics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.C is one of the latter group. Its a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mousepads customized with their own logos a

12、nd/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.C, however, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers dont need to print large lots of items. They dont need to worry about shipping the goods

13、to their customers. And they dont need to talk to another human being to get their store “built” in the first place. The site lets you upload an image and choose what sort of item youd like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item upthe difference between the items base cost an

14、d your mark-up price is your profit.Base prices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment. An 11-ounce mug starts at $10.99. For that, prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you

15、. The mugs purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owners effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, and writing a brief description of the item.It seems to be catching on. “More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandis

16、ing, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but dont want the hassles 麻烦事 associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, s co-founder and vice-president. “Thats where we come inwere one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”But the most exciting aspect of i

17、s not its ability to help major corporations outsource外包 and customize their merchandising efforts. Whats remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs cant justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with

18、, users can easily bring ideas to fruition完成 with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; Ive ordered a mug and a shirt from , and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised.C is an idea thats easy to get excited about. It

19、s a smallbut tangibleexample of how the Internet can change the way we live.15. The expression “weathering the storm” in the first sentence means _.A. surviving a crisisB. coming into beingC. struggling in the stormD. being dominated by a stormy high tech wave16. The first kind of site differs from

20、the second kind of site in that _.A. the first kind sells commodities while the second offers serviceB. the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categoriesC. the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerceD. the second kind offers untraditi

21、onal jobs to people experienced ill auctioning17. Which of the following about C is NOT true?A. Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.B. It, along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.C. It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract

22、 online customers.D. Its users dont have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.18. What kind of customers need C most according to its vice-president?A. Those who sell a great variety of items.B. Those who sell unconventional commodities.C. Those who want to avoid the tr

23、ouble of negotiating with clients.D. Those who have problem keeping their commodities moving.19. What is the most outstanding about C according to the author?A. The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities.B. The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.C.

24、 The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.D. The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.Passage 2 Crowd control could soon become a crucial skill for climbers on Mount Everest, as important as physical strength or watching the weather. In a single day l

25、ast week, nearly 40 people reached the top of the worlda record. Reports sent by satellite telephone from base camp spoke of queues at dangerous ridges and crowded as people passed each other in the final dash for the 8, 848 meters (29,129ft) summit.More traditional mountaineers sneer嘲笑at the circus

26、 atmosphere surrounding Everest in recent years, and there are warnings that the crowds are making the mountain more dangerous. Overcrowding has already taken its toll. In 1996, 14 died on the mountain when the members of several expeditions were trapped at high altitudes by sudden snowstorm. Bad we

27、ather in early May led to this years jam on the summit ridge, but the toll, luckily, was light. Just four climbers died, including a Nepali Sherpa who had made 11 previous successful climbing.Traditionists are also worried about the growing tendency of expeditions to set records and achieve “firsts”

28、, rather than simply climb the mountain. This years crop of summiteers included the oldest man, 64-year-old Sherman Bull from Connecticut, and the youngest:16-year-old Temba Tsheri Sherpa of Nepal. An American with only one arm was on the mountain this year; an Indian with no legs also tried but to

29、no avail. In the most spectacular feat, Erik Weihenmeyer, an American, became the first blind person to reach the top of the world. His fellow climbers stayed in front of him on the way up, describing the terrain and ringing bells.Nepal views Mount Everest as something of a cash cow; the government

30、charges expeditions a minimum of $70,000. That is probably why officials in Katmandu are ignoring concerns about overcrowding and talking about even more climbers coming next year. But a celebration of the 48th anniversary of the first conquest of Everest, by Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing No

31、rgay, was cancelled after violent strikes, called by the Communist opposition. Retuning climbers who thought their challenge was over had to walk from hotel to airport so they could fly home to the usual triumphal welcome. Tumultuous Nepali politics, it seems, could be just the crowd-control measure

32、 that Everest needs.20. What is important to climbers on Mount Everest? A. Watching the weather. B. Making a final dash. C. Psychological adjustment. D. Group management. 21. More accidents have happened in recent years due to _.A. bad geographical conditions B. carelessness of the climbers C. overc

33、rowding D. snowstorms 22. Several summiteers are mentioned in the third paragraph to show _.A. their courage B. their diversity C. their great achievements D. their common motivation 23. The attitude of the Nepali government toward the circus atmosphere is _.A. indifferent B. welcoming C. worried D.

34、 concerned 24. An anniversary celebration of the first conquest of Everest was cancelled due to _.A. overcrowding B. political reasons C. the returning of the climbers D. the lack of crowd-control measurePassage 3Today we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. Were told that

35、to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. We see ourselves as a nation of extrovertswhich means that weve lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introvertsin the other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If youre not an introvert you

36、rself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.If these statistics surprise you, that's probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. So

37、me fool even themselves, until some life eventa layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they likejolts震惊them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider

38、themselves introverts.It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Idealthe omnipresent无所不在的belief that the ideal self is gregarious社交的, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action to contemplati

39、on, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individualthe kind whos comfortable “putting himself

40、 out there.” Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.Introversionalong with its co

41、usins sensitivity, seriousness, and shynessis now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology变态. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a mans world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is a

42、n enormously appealing personality style, but weve turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smar

43、ter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatizedone informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts describ

44、ed their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventionsfrom the theory of evolution to van G

45、oghs sunflowers to the personal computercame from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.25. According to the author, there exists, as far as personality styles are concerned, a discrepancy between _.A. what people say they can do

46、and what they actually can B. what society values and what people pretend to beC. what people profess and what statistics show D. what people profess and what they hide from others26. The ideal extrovert is described as being all the following EXCEPT _.A. doubtful B. sociable C. determined D. bold27

47、. According to the author, our society only permits _ to have whatever personality they like.A. the young B. the ordinary C. the artistic D. the rich28. According to the passage, which of the following statements BEST reflects the authors opinion?A. Introversion is seen as an inferior trait because

48、of its association with sensitivity.B. Extroversion is arbitrary forced by society as a norm upon people.C. Introverts are generally regarded as either unsuccessful or as deficient.D. Extroversion and introversion have similar personality trait profiles.29. The author winds up the passage with a _ n

49、ote.A. cautious B. warning C. positive D. humorousPassage 4Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able

50、to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia痴呆in old age.This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the under

51、standing of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a childs academic and intellectual development.They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample e

52、vidence that in a bilinguals brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs妨碍the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isnt so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain t

53、o resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brains so-called executive function? A command system that directs the attention processes that we u

54、se for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mindlike remembering a sequence of directions while driving.Why d

55、oes the tussle搏斗between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed磨炼by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it

56、 was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite o