考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2004年part4

1、考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析 -2004 年 part4Part FourAmericans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education - not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledg

2、e. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find."Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,"says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be acounterbalance." Razitch's latest bock

3、, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vul

4、nerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country.We will have a less

5、 civil society.""Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beg

6、inning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, commonsense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Tra

7、nscendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnaturalrestraints on children:"We are shut up inschools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing." Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn e

8、xemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized - going to school and learning to read - so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, a

9、nd contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place whereintellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says ourcountry's educational system is in the grips of

10、 people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise."16. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A The habit of thinking independently.B Profound knowled

11、ge of theworld.C Practical abilities for future career. D The confidence in intellectual pursuits.17. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of .A undervaluing intellect.B favoring intellectualism.C supporting school reform.D suppressing native intelligence.18. The views of Ravish

12、and Emerson on schooling are .A identical.B similar.C complementary.D opposite.19. Emerson, according to the text, is probably A a pioneer of education reform.B an opponent of intellectualism.C a scholar in favor of intellect.D an advocate of regular schooling.20. What does the author think of intel

13、lect?A It is second to intelligence.C It is to be pursued.Unit 11 2004Part4重点词汇：B It evolves from common sense.D It underlies power.1. intellect才学 即intel=inter在 之间+lect选择宀在事情中善于选择。Intellect distinguishes humans from other animals.人类与禽兽之别在于人具有思维能力 He was one of the most formidable intellects of his t

14、ime.他是该时代的盖世奇才2. athlete 运发动 , 体育家 Most first-class footballers are natural athletes. 多数一流的足球运发动都是天生的健将 athletics meeting 运动会3. entertainer专业演员He's a popular television entertainer. 他是群众喜爱的电视演员 动词： entertain4. entrepreneur企业家He would not have successesd in such a risky businesssif he had not bee

15、n such a clever entrepreneur.假假设他不是那么精明强干的企业家，就不会在这样冒险的事业中取得成功5. sympto m 征兆，表现 The doctor madehis diag no sis after study ing the patie nt's symptoms. 医生在研究病人的病症后 , 作出了诊断 This demonstration was a symptom of6. pervasive 到处弥漫的，普遍的 the pervasive mood of passimism普遍存在的悲观情绪 Certainly TV is the most

16、powerfull and pervasive of the media.电视肯定是传播媒介中大和最有渗透力的7. distaste 厌恶 look at an advertisment with distaste.厌恶地看某一那么广告 adistaste for violent sports 不喜欢剧烈运动8. vulnerable 易受攻击的，脆弱的 Young birds are very vulnerable to predators. 幼小的鸟易受到肉食动物的伤害9. populist 平民主义者 populist theories 平民主义的理论10. elitism 精英统治论，

17、优越感Many peoplee believe that private educationencourages eleitism. 许多人认为私人办学可助长精英主义 Elitism almost inevitably insinuates itself in the minds of such people.优越感几乎不可防止地潜入这样一些人的头脑中11. rigorous 严格的，严厉的rigorous discipline 严明的纪律 rigorous attentionto detail 一丝不苟12. restraint 抑制，克制throw off the restraints o

18、f convention打破常规的限制 the restraints on the family budget of a limited income有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束13. bellyful 满肚子 I've had a bellyful of your complaints.我已经听够了你的怨言14. exemplify例证 This painting exemplifyies the artist's early style.幅画是该画家早期艺术风格的典型15. contemplative 沉思的 a contemplative person深思熟虑的人16.

19、 manipulate 熟练地 操作， 巧妙地 处理 main=hand 手。 Primitive manquickly learned how to manipulate tools.原始人很快学会了使用工具 She uses her charm tomanipulate people. 她利用其魅力左右他人17. ponder ? 沉思，考虑 pondering on the meaning of life. 深深地思考人生的意 义18. theorize 建立理论，理论化 It's a capital mistake to theorize before one has data

20、. 还未掌握数据就空谈理论是个大错19. militantly 好战的 即 milit=fight 战斗 +ly 。20. hostility 敌意，敌对 即 host=guest+il+ity 。 feelings of hostility 敌对情绪 He needs an outlet for his frustration and hostilities. 他需要把心中的沮丧和怨恨 发泄出来难句分析： Razitch's latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of

21、anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.句子的主干是 Razitch's latest book.traces the roots.。 Left Back: A Century ofFailed School Reforms 是书的同位语， concluding 引导的是状语。其中 they 指前面的 schools;anything but 此处的意思

22、是 " 决不，远非 "，counterbalance 的 意思是 "抗衡 ",distaste 的意思是 "讨厌 "。注意 concluding. 后面的宾语从句中各个词之间 的肯定和否认关系。 Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and under

23、stand the ideas of others, they cannot fully Participate in our democracy.不定式 to think, to defend, to understand作 ability 的后置定语。 In tellect is rese nted as a form of power or privilege," writes historia n andprofessor Richard Hofstadter in An ti-I ntellectualism in America n life, a PulitzerPri

24、ze winning book on the roots of an ti-i ntellectualism in US politics, religio n, and educati on.句子主干为一个直接弓 I语，In tellectis resen ted as a form of power or privilege," writeshistoria n and professor Richard Hofstadter后面连接的in An ti-I ntellectualism inAmerican life作状语，斜体局部为书名，和Pulitzer Prize wi n

25、ning book为同位语。 Hofstadter says our coun try's educati onal system is in the grips of people who"joyfully and milita ntly proclaim their hostility to in tellect and their eager nessto ide ntify with childre n who show the least in tellectual promise."本句的主干是 Hofstadter says.，后面是 says 的宾语从句 our country's educationalsystem i