基础英语2(主编何兆熊)Unit 8 Focus on Global Warming课后练习答案

1、Unit 8 Focus on Global WarmingText comprehensionI. AII. 1. T; 2. T; 3. F; 4. F; 5. F.III.1. Paragraph 2. Because global warming may be the single largest threat to our planet（the earth）. Low-lying nations could be awash in seawater, rain and drought patterns across the world could change, hurricanes

2、 could become more frequent, and El Ninos could become more intense.2. Paragraph 3. Our factories, power plants, and cars burn coal and gasoline and spit out carbon dioxide, produce methane by allowing our trash to decompose in landfills and by breeding large herds of methane-belching cattle, and re

3、lease nitrogen oxide by using nitrogen-based fertilizers.3. Paragraph 4. The increased concentrations of greenhouse gases prevent additional thermal radiation from leaving the Earth, so cause the global warming.4. Paragraph 7. A slight increase in heat and rain in equatorial regions would increase v

4、ector-borne带菌媒介引起的 diseases such as malaria; more intense rains and hurricanes could cause more severe flooding and more deaths in coastal regions and along riverbeds; even a moderate rise in sea level could threaten the low-lying islands; hotter summers could lead to more cases of heatstroke, hospi

5、tal admissions and deaths among vulnerable people with heart problems or respiratory problems.5. Paragraph 8 and 10. We can curb our consumption of fossil fuels and use technologies to reduce the emission of heat-trapping gases like carbon二氧化碳 dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides, and protect the fo

6、rests in the world, and we can also advocate policies that will combat global warming over the long term, things like clean cars, environmentally responsible renewable energy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.IV.1. Global warming will probably be the most serious threa

7、t to our Earth, if we do not take into account of some other possible disasters, such as another world war, collision of our Earth with some small orbiting planet, or spread of incurable diseases.2. In terms of human health, the people of the poorer countries will suffer most, because their countrie

8、s do not have money to protect them when climate changes.Structural analysisSub-ideas in the second part.1) the causes of the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Paragraphs 3 and 4)2) the effect of such concentration on climate change (Paragraphs 5 and 6)3) the potential thre

9、at of global warming to human health and survival (Paragraph 7)Part one. Vocabulary1 Phrase1. with the exception of: except, apart from 除之外， 不包括在内2. In essence = essentially, basically 本质上，根本上3. wherever possible: whenever it is possible 只要可能4. over the long term: over a long period 从长远看5. alternati

10、ve = substitutable, different, replaceableII.1. focus; 2. much the same; 3. consciousness; 4. threat; 5. deserved; 6. decomposed; 7. revealed; 8. frequent.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. Her natural good sense was improved by the perusal (perus

11、e) of the best books.2. Efforts to reach the injured men have been intensified (intense) because of a sudden deterioration of weather conditions.3. I knew he deserved to be punished but making him stay in every night for a year is a little excessive (excess).4. Theories of the origin of life are par

12、tly speculative (speculate), since there is so little direct evidence available.5. This is a book that contains an abundance (abundant) of valuable information.6. The cost of the flights, accommodation and car rental is two thousand dollars inclusive (include).7. When an iron object is heated in a f

13、ire, it glows red and emits (emission) radiation.8. We hardly ever go into London. Whatever we need we can buy locally (local). 1. peruse v. 熟读，精读 perusal n. 熟读，精读；仔细研究e.g. 他每天都要读各种报纸。He perused the newspapers every day.2. intense a. 强烈的，剧烈的，热烈的 intensify v. 增强，强化；加剧intensive n. 强烈的；密集的 intensificat

14、ion n. 增强，加强，强化e.g. 我的工作非常紧张，以至于我没有时间休息。My work is so intense that I even have no time to take a rest.我的初次失败更坚定了我成功的信念。My first failure only intensified my desire to succeed.我们有十天的强化训练。We have ten days of intensive training.3. excess a. 过量的，额外的 excessive a. 过多的，过分的e.g. 这个胖男孩节制饮食以减轻过量的体重。The fat boy

15、went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight.4. speculate v. 推测，好奇 speculation n. 沉思，推测；投机 speculative a. 推测的，推理的；投机的 speculator n. 投机者，投机商人e.g. 我猜想的全错了。My speculations proved totally wrong.他是一个冷酷的投机者。He is a ruthless speculator.5. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的 abundance n. 丰富，充裕 abundantly ad. 大量地，丰富地e.g.

16、今年的农产品很丰富。The agricultural commodities are abundant this year.这个国家拥有丰富的资源。This country has an abundance of valuable resources.6. include v. 包括，包含 including prep. 包含，包括 inclusive a. 包含在内的，包罗广泛的e.g. 账单中包含服务费。The bill includes service.他们有很多宠物，狗就有三只。They have many pets, including three dogs.7. emission

17、n. 散发；发射 emit v. 发出，放射；吐露e.g. 干酪散发出强烈的气味。The cheese was emitting a strong smell.8. local a. 地方性的；当地的，局部的 locally ad. 在本地，在当地e.g. 当地大多数的居民靠打渔为生。Most of the local population depend on fishing for their income.IV.1. A; 2. D; 3. B; 4. C; 5. D; 6. A; 7. C; 8. A.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an an

18、tonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Global warming results primarily from human activities that release heat-trapping gases and particles into the air.Synonym: mainly, basically, firstly2. Fortunately, we can take actions to slow down global warming.Antonym: unfo

19、rtunately, unluckily3. The most important causes include the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas, and oil, and deforestation.Antonym: exclude4. Twenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the library and perused the periodical section for articles on global warming, youd probably have come up

20、with only a few abstracts from hardcore science journals or maybe a blurb in some esoteric geopolitical magazine.Synonym: part, division5. Thats an increase of roughly 1°C every 4,000 years.Antonym: decrease, lowering6. Much of the available climate data appear to back these fears.Antonym: unav

21、ailable7. All across the globe, hotter summers could lead to more cases of heat stroke and deaths among those who are vulnerable, such as older people with heart problems.Synonym: weak, insecure, unsafe8. things like clean cars that run on alternative fuels, environmentally responsible renewable ene

22、rgy technologies, and stopping the clear-cutting of valuable forests.Antonym: irresponsibleVI. PrefixWrite in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in each given word.1. centigrade centimeter 2. kilogram kilometer 3. synopsis synthetic 4. supervise superior 5. submarine submerge

23、 6. astronaut astronomy 7. microbiology microwave 8. overwork overload 1. Explanation: centi-: one hundredth e.g. centigram, centiliter, centimeter2. Explanation:kilo-: one thousande.g. kilowatt, kilobyte, kilohertz3. Explanation: syn-: synonymous e.g. synonym, synonymy, synchronous4. Explanation:su

24、per-: extremely, more or better than normale.g. superhuman, supercomputer, superconductor, superego5. Explanation:sub-: below; less than; undere.g. sub-zero, subway, subset6. Explanation:astro-: connected with the stars or outer spacee.g. astrophysics, astrology, astronomer7. Explanation:micro-: sma

25、ll; on a small scalee.g. microchip, micro-organism, microbe, microcosm8. Explanation:over-: more than usual; too muche.g. overconfident, overanxious, over-optimisticII Grammar Exercises1. The present perfect tense vs. the simple past tenseThe simple past refers to the definite past. The present perf

26、ect refers to “the past with present relevance.” The action or state denoted by the present perfect tense, though referring to some indefinite happening in the past, has some connection with the present. Hence, if an action or state happened in the past and has no connection with the present, it wil

27、l have to be expressed by the simple past.Compare: His father has been a teacher all his life. (His father is still alive.) His father was a teacher all his life. (His father is now dead.)I. Complete the following sentences using the appropriate verb forms.1. began / / have had2. A: Have / talkedB:

28、Have talked / talked3. He _has invented_ (invent) hundreds of things. He is one of the most productive inventors of our generation.4. have / telephoned / went5. have been6. has got (gotten)7. has been8. have forgotten9. A: Is your father at home?B: No, Im afraid he _has gone_ (go) out.A: When exactl

29、y _did he go_ (he, go) out?B: About ten minutes ago.10. was / has disappeared.II.III.1. a. simple present form; b. “has obtained”.2. synonymous a. the speakers point of view; b. the listeners perspective.3. a. definite; b. indefinite4. a. still suffering; b. past5. a. on the way or in Italy; b. left

30、 Italy.6. a. in the morning; b. after the morning7. a. today is not finished and he may drink more; b. simply happened today.8. a. passed away; b. still living.IV.1. have had - have2. have been be3. laying lying4. bore bear5. Rang - Rung6. rised risen7. had has 2. Connectives (because, as, since, se

31、eing that, for, because of)Because is generally used when the reason is the most important part of the sentence.As and since are used when the reason is already well known, or is less important than the rest of the sentence. Since is a little more formal than as. As and since clauses often begin the

32、 sentence. Clauses of cause-result are introduced by because or as.Seeing that means the same as since. It is used only in informal speech.For suggests that the reason is given as an afterthought. For clauses never come at the beginning of the sentence. The phrase because of is a prepositional phras

33、e, and should be followed by a noun or a noun phrase. V. Fill in the blanks with because, as, since, seeing that, for or because of.1. As / Since2. Im very sorry but I cant come to work today _because / as_ Ive caught a very bad cold.3. _As / Since / Seeing that_ there is considerable evidence that

34、violence on television may be a contributory factor in the increase of hooliganism, the Independent Television Authority has withdrawn its serial on famous crimes.4. because5. because of6. As / Since7. for8. as / because9. because of10. In the past insurance companies were often criticized by the pu

35、blic _for_ delaying payment on claims.VI.1. As far as concerned, .2. According to .Part three. Translation exercisesI.1. 到因特网上查一查就可以证明，全球变暖这个主题在公众意识中已经和麦当娜和微波炉一样根深蒂固了。2. 如果我们不限制温室气体的排放，低地国家就可能会遭到海水的冲刷，全世界雨水和干旱的规律就可能发生变化，飓风可能会更加频繁，厄尔尼诺现象也可能更为严重。3. 我们还主张实施有关政策，与全球变暖现象进行长期斗争，如驾驶使用替代燃料的清洁汽车、采用有利于环境保护的可再

36、生能源技术，以及阻止滥伐宝贵的森林。4. 这个问题需要所有的人包括各国政府、工业界、社团，以及个人的协同合作，才会有真正的改观。II.1. 经过几个月的讨价还价，这两家公司最后达成了一个解决方案，这个方案实质上就是我们最初的建议。（come up with）Translation:After months of negotiation, the two companies finally came up with a solution, which was in essence our original proposal.2. The people of that African tribe

37、worship the moon in much the same way that our ancestors worshipped the sun.3. 四千多年前古埃及金字塔是如何建成的至今还是个谜。有些人猜测它们是外星人造的。（speculate）Translation: It is still a puzzle as to how the ancient Egyptian pyramids were built over 4,000 years ago. Some people speculate that they were built by supernatural beings

38、.4. 非法使用劣质建筑材料最终导致了宾馆的倒塌。（result in）Translation: The illegal use of inferior building materials eventually resulted in the collapse of the hotel.5当前，许多国家正纷纷采取行动，缓解金融危机对经济的冲击。（take action）Translation:At present, many countries are taking action to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their

39、economy.6. The couple finally divorced after years of incessant quarrels, which had resulted from a lack of understanding.7. The governments of the two countries agreed to set up a military hotline to reduce the risk of war due to incorrect information.8. Some Chinese students were not very successf

40、ul in American universities because they failed to adapt to the new environment there. VI Writing PracticeParagraph development the use of quotesDiscussion: Quotation is an effective strategy used for argumentation and other purposes. In arguing, a good quotation in your favor lends you force; one a

41、gainst your viewpoint can also, if you deal it a powerful and accurate blow, help your writing gain momentum. In other writing situations, well-chosen quotes can help you make an emphatic point. Powerful as there are, quotes couldnt prove everything. Therefore, you should keep it in mind that dont o

42、veruse or abuse the quotation strategy. Employing too many quotes can halt the smooth flow of your paragraph. Make sure that your quotes fit well into your writing, instead of implicitly or even blatantly contradicting the main message that you intend to convey. Exercises: Read and consider the foll

43、owing topic sentences and then think of or search for famous quotable sayings on the Internet or from other sources. Develop each paragraph using one or two quotes for each topic.1. It is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship.Ideas for reference:Friends are an indispensable part of human

44、s life.Friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements.Friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good for us.Sample:As the saying goes “Whoever is delighted in solitude is either a wild beast or a god”, friends are an indispensable part of humans life. “A person without

45、friends is just like a spring without flowers, a dish without seasoning, and it is absolutely meaningless”, as an ancient writer put it. Needless to say, friends play a significant role in our life. To begin with, friends are the very persons that we get comforts and encouragements we need to go on

46、when our own store of willpower has become depleted. No one is bound to be strong and happy all the time, for life has its own up and down. And whenever we need them, friends will be with us, if not always, at least most of the time. Moreover, friends are our best fans whatever we do if it is good f

47、or us. When we put on a play, they will be our audiences; when give a speech, they will be our listeners; when we write a book, they will be our readers. In a word, friends are the very persons that we feel flattered and relaxed no matter what stage we stand on. All in all, we have to say that it is hard to overestimate the importance of friendship and having friends is beneficial. They give us comforts and encouragements; strengths and confidence