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1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx现在完成时43636【精品文档】 现在完成时1 定义:1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)例:The car has arrived.车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)2. 表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,甚至有可能继续延续下去。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。这时表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延
2、续性动词。My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了? 2 现在完成时的构成: past present future肯定式:主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式:助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not
3、+ 动词的过去分词. 例句:Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了图书馆吗?Yes ,he has. 是的,是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不,他没去那里。How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing?Smith夫人来北京多长时间了?3 用法:1. 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。- Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)- Are you free?-I have finished my homework. I
4、 am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)2. 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时。(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)3.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。I have been to t
5、he Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说.4 现在完成时的标志词:(一)当句中有never(从来没有), ever(曾经), just(刚刚), already(肯定), yet(否定), before(以前),recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/last few Years(在过去几年里)等时,常用现在完成时。a)already 往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet 用于否定句和疑问句。He has already left
6、here. 他已经离开这里了。Has he already left here? 他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?(表示加强语气)My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗?b)never 是否定词,表示“从来没有”,而ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗? c)just表示“刚刚
7、”(用于完成时态时,与already,never 等副词的位置一样,多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间)He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。(2) 当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时,主句常用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,若是非延续性动词,要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。a)for +一段时间 I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English f
8、or 3 years.b)since +表示过去某一时间的)时间点 I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.注1): since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2): 对for或since引导的时间状
9、语提问必须用how long, 决不能用when.I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here? 五现在完成时注意事项:leave-be away (from)come/go (to) -be (in/at)arrive (at/in)- be (in/at)get (to)-be (in/at)reach-be (in/at)buy-haveborrow-keepfinish-be overj
10、oin-be in/be a/an.start/begin-be ondie-be deadclose-be closedopen-be openreturn-be backmarry-be marriedbecome-be如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for 5 minute
11、s.电影已开始五分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。2.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是“到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗?You have never been t
12、here, have you?你以前从未去过那儿,是吗?I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去过桂林,我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。)I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)2 )一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用
13、,如:ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前) 现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever, never, twice, so far(到目前为止), since,for,in the past/last few years , already(肯定句), yet(否定,疑问句), just(刚刚), before(以前)连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时可表示持续到
14、现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 现在完成时历年中考真题一 . has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别 1 (11黑龙江绥化)- Where is Bob? - He _ to Harbin for a meeting. A
15、0;went B has been C has gone 2 (11南宁)She isnt at the cinema now because she the library.A. has been to&
16、#160; B. have been to C. have gone to D. has gone to 3 (11烟台)I think the man over there must be Bob. B. - It_ be him. He has
17、_ to Australia. A. cant, gone B. cant, been C. may not, been D. mustn't, gone 4【2011江苏徐州】 Are you going to the bank, Laura? No, I _ to the bank&
18、#160;already. A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been 5【2011呼和浩特】-Oh, you are here. I'm looking for you all the morning._? &
19、#160; -To the library. A. Where have you gone B. Where will you go
20、 C. Where are you going D. Where have you been? 6【2011四川雅安】 They _ England and they will be back next week. A.
21、160;have gone to B. have been to D. has been on 7【2011辽宁本溪】Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai?
22、0; Yes, he _ there for two months. A. has been B. has gone C. has been to D. has gone to 8【2011江苏泰州】How well
23、60;do you know the Opera House? I know the place very well. I _ Sydney many times. A. have been in
24、; B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in 二 .A 现在完成时 看关键词选答案 常见关键词有since+时间点、 for+时间段、already, yet, so far, once, twice, many
25、160;times等 1【2011贵州毕节】I_ many new friends since I came here Amake Bmade Cwill make Dhave made 2【2011福建莆田】Mrs. Wang came
26、 back from France in 2010. She _ there for four years. A. works B. worked C. has worked 3【2011北京】
27、My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write 4
28、0;(11河南)Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office? Sorry, I dont know. I _ here for only a few days. A. work
29、 B. worked C. have worked D. will work 5 (11泉州)Dad, I _station for 30 minutes. But nobody came to meet me.
30、;Dont worry. I will go to meet you soon. A. arrived at B. have been at
31、; C. will reach 6 (11陕西)Some students in Shanghai _e-bags for several months. A. have B. have had
32、60;C. had D. will have B 现在完成时 没有关键词,根据句义判断,即过去发生的动作对现在产生了影响。 1【2011河北省】I_my homework. I guess I can't join you. A. don&
33、#39;t finish B. didn't finish C. haven't finished D. won't finish 2【2011重庆江津】A: How clean the bedroom is! &
34、#160; B: Yes, I am sure that someone _ it. A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 3 【20
35、11广西贵港】 My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _ any letters from him so far. A. wont receive B. havent received C. hadnt&
36、#160;received D. didnt receive 4【2011广西贺州】Our country _the sixth population census(人口普查) already. A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes
37、5【2011湖北襄阳】- Why wont you go to the movie with me, Gina? - Because I _ it twice.
38、160; A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see C 现在完成时 瞬间动词变延续性动词,如joinbe in, beginbe on,
39、160;leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, marrybe married等 1【2011四川雅安】She _ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent
40、; C. has bought D. has kept 2【2011广东清远】Echo _ for half a month. She'll come hack in two months. A. left
41、60; B leave C. has left D. has been away 3【2011贵州遵义】Thomas _ the army for two years, so he misses his mother ver
42、y much. A. has joined B. has taken part in C. has been in 4【2011重庆】I
43、 _my hometown for a long time. I really miss it! A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from 5【2011江苏淮安】British Prince William(威廉王子) and
44、 Kate _ for nearly two months. A. married B. have married C. have been married D. have got married 6【2011广东肇庆】You are too late. The film
45、60;_ since half an hour ago. A. has begun B. has been on C. began 7【2
46、011四川达州】 Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has_ for about a month since she
47、60;_ in the accident. A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died;killedD 现在完成时被动结构 1【2011四川资阳】So far this year,
48、 many new houses _ in Wenchuan with the help of the government. A. build B. are built C. will build
49、; D. have been built 2【2011广西柳州】Half of the work _ by now. A. has finished B. has been finished &
50、#160; C. have been finished 3【2011海南张家界】The news _ to the public yet. Only a few people know. A. hasnt told
51、160; B. has been told C. hasnt been told 4(2010南京中考)Can you sing this English song? -Of course, I can. It _many times on
52、0;the radio. A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught综合小检测1. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980. A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write2. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in T
53、ianjin since she came here. A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen3. Some students in Shanghai _ e-bags for several months. A. have B. have had C. had D. will have4. - I've not finished my project yet. - Hurry up! Our friends _ for us. (2011 江苏南京, 12)A. have waited B. wait C. waiting D. are
54、waiting 5. The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago. (2011 浙江杭州, 21)A. go B. have gone C. have been D. went6. -Have you ever been to Shanghai? -Yes. I _ there a few month ago. A. have been B. went C. have gone D. been7. -Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight? -Thank you very m
55、uch, but I _ it already. (2010 天津, 43)A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing8. Tina and her parents _ to England for sightseeing last summer. (2010 上海, 40)A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone9. The Harry potter books _ pretty popular since they were published. A. become B. will become C. have become D. are becoming10. Miss Gao isn't her
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