【精准解析】河北省“五个一名校联盟”2021届高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试卷

1、河北省“五个一名校联盟” 2021届高三第一次诊断考试英语第一部分听力（共两节）第一节（共5小题）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一 小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 Where is the woman speaker now?A. Inthcbcdroom.B In the living room.C Inthckitchcn.2. What did the man buy?A. Green tea B Orange juicc C Hot chocolate3 What does t

2、he woman ask the man to do?A Move some boxes B Make a phone callC Drive a car.4. Where are the speakers most probably?A. In the cafeteria. B In an office C In the woman's house5 What are the speakers talking about?A. Which film to watch. B Whether to watch a film. C When to watch a film.第二节（共15小

3、题）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每 小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What is the purpose of the man's call?A. To confirm an appointmentB To cancel an appointment.C To postpone an appointment.7. When will the woman go to the clinic?A. O

4、nJulyl6th. B OnJuly20ih C On July 21st.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. How did the man feel about his trip to Florence?A. He hated the crowd everrwhere.B He particularly liked the Italian food.C He loved everything except for the hotel.9. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Learn Italian B Buy a suitcaseC R

5、eserve a hotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. Who is the Best Car Design Prize winner?A. Mr. Giddings. B Ms. Miller. C Mr. Zarba.11 Where is the Hyatt Hotel?A. On the left side of Granville Avenue.B Opposite a department storeC. Across from a bank12. What do we know about the Best Car Design competition?A. Il

6、 was very fierceB There were few competitorsC The winner will receive much money听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13 Why did Marta quit her first job?A 1( was really badly paidB The staff were quite unfriendly.C The boss took no interest in her ideas14. What does Marta find most suiprising about the mobile restauran

7、t?A. All is advertised onlineB Food is never thrown away.C Menus can be easily changed15. What is the best thing about the mobile restaurant for Marta?A. Customers pay in advanceB She can work outdoors. C No waiter is needed.16. What brought difficulty to Marta when she did a meal on a beach?A. The

8、sun. B The windC The rain.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What can we learn about the band's music?A. It is nice to hear while eating.B Il is intended for young peopleC It is easy for people to dance lo.18. How many people are there in the band?A. Six. B Eight. C Twelve19. How did the speaker get to know

9、the band?A From a friend B From a newspaper. C From a band member.20. Why was the speaker chosen to join the band?A. He was good at playing the guitar.B They were looking for a singerC They heard him singing somewhere第二部分阅读（共两节）第一节（共15小题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThere are many places worth v

10、isiting in the world. Here are some of the places that almost every person wants to see in their lifeSantoriniThis is one of the most amazing places in the world. It is said to have been destroyed in the 16th century .It has been rebuilt and its beauty increases with every passing day. There arc a l

11、ot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experienceThe Capilano Suspension BridgeAn amazing place to visit in the world is the Capilano Suspension Bridge. This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada .Ils beauty appeals to visi

12、tors from all over the world It's almost 140 meters long and 70 meters above the rive匚RomeAnother beautiful place to visit is the ancient city of Rome in Italy. It is also known as the center of Western civilization. This city was founded in 753 BC. The Colosseum （罗马斗兽场）,which is one 3of the wor

13、ld's most symbolic monuments, is also in RomeThe Taj MahalIt is also a good choice to visit the Taj Mahal in India .It is called the monument of love and built to show Mughal Emperor Shah Jeha*s love for his wife. Il is located on the south bank of the Yamuna River. Its ivory-white color attract

14、s many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.1. What can visitors do in Santorini?A. Go sunbathingB Visit the monument of loveC. Climb the suspension bridgeD Experience western civilization2. To which country does the Capilano Suspension Bridge belong?A. Italy.B. Greec

15、e.C. England.D. Canada.3. What do we know about the Taj Mahal from the passage?A. Its roof is made of ivory.B. It is a typical Mughal style building.C. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah as his tomb.D. 11 is located on the north bank of the Yamuna River.【答案】2.A2.D3.B【解析】这是一篇应用文。世界上有许多值得参观的地方，文章主要介绍

16、了四个旅行目的地的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中 “There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experience.（希腊有很多岛屿，在其中任何一个岛屿上进行日光浴都将 是一次难忘的经历）”可知，游客在圣托里尼岛可以进行日光浴。故选A。【2题详解】细 i'j理解题。根据第三段中 “This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canad

17、a.（这座桥位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省的温哥华）”可知，卡皮拉诺吊桥属于加拿大。 故选D。【3题详解】细 i'j理解题。根据最后一段中"Its ivorjf-white color attracts many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.佗象牙白色的颜色吸引了许多游客，它是莫卧儿建筑艺术的奇迹之一厂可知，泰姬陵是一个典型的莫卧儿风格的建筑。故选B。BThe cola wars became a cultural phenomenon. Credit for that

18、goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCo's brilliant former boss, who died on September 19th aged 99. A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm's top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35.Seven years later he was named C

19、EO. In 1974 he invested in the Soviet Union, which allowed Pepsi to become the first Western product to be legally sold behind the iron curtain. By the time he resigned as boss in 1986、PepsiCo's sales had shot up nearly 40 times, to S 7.6 billion. His legacy continues to shape the industry.Mr. K

20、endall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing talent. Two years after taking charge he acquired Frito-Lay, a leading producer of snacks, giving PepsiCo an advantage of diversity that continues to this day. PepsiCo brought in $ 67 billion last year in sales compared to

21、 Coca-Cola's S 37 billion.But his most famous move was the all-out marketing blitz （闪电战）against Coca-Cola, long the global market leader in non-alcoholic drinks The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low-grade battles Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies in

22、to an advertising arms race .In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some $18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million.This was a risky strategy for both cola

23、competitors but it paid off by helping non-alcoholic drinks win a greater Mshare of throat1*. Last year Coca-Cola and PepsiCo remained in the leading position as usual. Also, the cola wars benefited both companies by turning them into "the world's best marketers*1. Today a decades-long addi

24、ction to cut-price quantity growth has been replaced by a focus on income and profits.4. What was Donald KendalFs first position in PepsiCo?A. CEO.B A worker.C A salesmanD Marketingexecutive 5. What can we learn about Cola companies from the passage?A. PepsiCo has always been ahead of Coca-cola in s

25、ales.5B Coca-Cola preferred low-grade battles to marketing wars.C Coca-Cola bought a snack firm to enrich its product diversity.D PepsiCo spent $ 30 million more than Coca-cola in advertising in 19956. Why does the author list the figures in the fourth paragraph?A. To prove the success of both Cola

26、companies in advertising products.B To suggest both Cola companies spent too much money in advertisingC To describe how PepsiCo got ahead of Coca-Cola in the fierce marketing wars.D. To confirm marketing wars between the Cola companies were a wise move7. What is the passage mainly about?A. Donald Ke

27、ndall was to blame for the cola cultural phenomenonB Donald Kendall was the most successful boss in PepsiCo history.C. Donald Kendall started the cola blitz wars and achieved great successD Donald Kendall*s marketing strategies benefited both Cola companies.【答案】4B5. D 6. C 7.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了百事可乐

28、杰出的前任老板唐纳徳肯徳尔利用营销策略，发 动可乐大战并取得巨大成功的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的"A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm's top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35”可知，Donald Kendall作为一名有天赋的推销员，他最一开始在生产线上工作，在35岁 的时候迅速晋升为公司的销售和营销高管。

29、由此可知，他最一开始是生产线上的一个工人。 故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $112 million to $ 82 million-可知，1995年百事可乐的支出是1.12亿美元,超过可口可乐是8200万美元。由此推 知，百事可乐在1995年在广告上的花费比可口可乐多30万美元。outspend意为“开支比 更大，花费超过”。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “In 1975 Coca-Cola spent around $ 25 million on advertising and PepsiCo

30、 some $18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to $ 72 million and $ 57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by $ 112 million to $ 82 million可知，1975 年，可口可 乐在广告上花了大约2500万美元，百事可乐花了大约1800万美元。到1985年，这些数字分 别上升到7200万美元和5700万美元。1995年百事可乐的支出超过可口可乐1.12亿美元，达 到8200万美元。很明显，列举这些数字就是为了说明两家公司为了

31、获取市场，在广告方而的 激烈竞争。结合选项，C选项表达此意。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。第一段提到：可乐大战成为了一种文化现象。这要归功于唐纳徳肯徳尔。二段 主要介绍了 Donald Kendall对百事可乐公司的巨大贡献。第三段主要介绍肯徳尔收购了零食生 产商菲多利，使百事可乐公司占据优势。第四段主要介绍肯徳尔的全而的营销策略，这使得 百事可乐和可口可乐两家公司进入激烈的广告战。最后一段介绍了肯徳尔发起的可乐大战带 来的影响。因此整篇文章主要介绍了肯徳尔发动可乐大战，并获得巨大成功的过程。C选项切 题。故选C。CBritain is the sixth fattest country w

32、ithin the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For more than a decade, several Conservative prime ministers have declared obesity a national emergency and promised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required.It should n

33、ot have taken a disease like Covidto ram home the awful consequences of the UK's obesity Obesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes and high blood pressure, is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid-19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having th

34、e highest Covid death rate in Europe.As the Prime Minister, Boris Johnson's experience of catching the virus and being admitted to ICU has reportedly resulted in a complete change in him, who has previously prided himself on his dislike to an over-controlling state The government is expected to

35、set out a new strategy this week aimed at reducing obesity levels both in the next few monthsahead of a possible second wave of infectionsand the longer term.This apparent change is welcome, but only if it results in a complete change in the government's approach, which doesn*t rely on personal

36、responsibility but on much tougher rcgulation. as with tobacco and alcohol.There is abundant evidence about what is needed to cut obesity and in recent years report after report including from Public Health England and the former chief medical officer. have called for urgent action. Yet these calls

37、were ignored by Conservative ministers who have seemingly put the food and drink industry*s financial interests over the health of the nation.8. What have Conservative prime ministers done with obesity in the past ten years?A. Tliey have denied it is a national emergencyB They have called for immedi

38、ate actionon it.C They have taken thorough steps to control it.D They have made unsatisfying plans toreduce it.9. What does the underlined phrase Hram home* in the second paragraph probably mean?A. Make people rather tired of.B Make people fully aware of.C Make people highly skeptical of.D Make peop

39、le deeply ashamed of.10. What will the British government probably do next?A. It will probably issue a new strategy to cut obesity.B. It will probably lay less stress on financial interests.C It will probably set stricter limits on tobacco and alcohol.D. It will probably take action to reduce Covid-

40、19 death rate.11. What's the best title for the passage?A. Obesity, an Urgent Issue in the UKB. UK, a Country Suffering from Covid-19C. UK. a Country Ready for a Complete Change D Obesity, a Cause of Highest Covid Death Rate【答案】8D9. B 10. A 11. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文 章介绍了英

41、国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。【8题详解】细肖理解题根据第一段中 “For more than a decade, several ConseBrative prime ministers have declared obesity a national emergency and promised to take thorough action, only to produce disappointing plans that fall far shy of what is required.（十多年来,几位保守党首相已宣布肥胖问 题为国家紧急情况，并承诺采取彻底行动，结果却

42、出台了令人失望的计划，远远达不到所需 的目标厂可知，在过去十年里，保守党首相们制左了不令人满意的讣划来减少肥胖问题。故 选6【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文 aObesity, as well as its associated conditions of diabetes and high blood pressure is strongly associated with a higher risk of death from Covid19 and will have undoubtedly been a factor in the UK having the highest Co

43、vid death rate in Europe/肥胖以及与之相 关的糖尿病和高血压与Covid-19死亡风险较髙密切相关，而且亳无疑问将在英国成为欧洲 Covid-19 死亡率最髙的一个因素）”以及 “the awful consequences oflheUKs obesity” 可知，作 者认为不应该用Covid-19这样的疾病来让人们充分意识到肥胖的可怕后果，故画线词意思为 “使人们充分意识到”。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 “The government is expected to set out a new strategy this week, aimed a

44、t reducing obesity levels both in the next few monthsahead of a possible second wave of infectionsand the longer tcrm.（政府预讣将于本周制左一项新战略，旨在在未来几个月可能岀现第二波感染之前以及更长期内降低肥胖水平）”可推知，英国政府下一步可能会发布一 项减少肥胖的新政策。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中 aBritain is the sixth fattest country within the Organization for Economic Co-op

45、eration and Development （OECD）（在经济合作与发展组织中,英国是第六大肥 胖国家）”结合文章主要说明了英国如今的肥胖问题已经成为了英国急需处理的问题，文章介 绍了英国政府对这一问题所采取的一些措施和取得的成效。可知，A选项“肥胖一一英国的一 个紧迫问题”最符合文章标题，故选A。DRobots are getting better at doing human jobs That's probably good for the economybut there are some serious downsides too.Machines are expect

46、ed to displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting and quantitative analysis firm.That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots The report also n

47、otes that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; however. 9it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the rise: at this point, every new robot that is installed （安装）displaces 1.6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Econo

48、mic model.Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines. And they are increasingly capable of functioning in more complex processes and varied contexts. On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is risingOne potential downsize to the ro

49、bot revolution: automation could increase income inequality. ”This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world, or within countries,0 according to the report. HOur research shows that the negative effects of robotization are disproportionately （不成比例地）felt in the lower-income r

50、egions compared with higher-income regions of the same country. ”The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate Thafs why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, ac

51、cording to the report.On the whole, the increased use of automation will likely create new jobs at a pace comparable to the jobs that will be lost, which cancels out fears about permanent job destniction according to the Oxford study. That said, the poorer regions that are expected to lose the most

52、jobs will probably not benefit equally from this new job creation due to a gap in skills Tliat will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions12. What ”downside” does the author mainly discuss?A. People will not be able to find jobs in the futureB

53、Robots will finally take the place of peopleC Displacement by robots will increase income inequality.D Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers13. What do the workers need to do to compete with robots in the future?A. To make robots help them with the harder workB To improve their innovat

54、ive ability and knowledgeC. To move to larger cities or more developed countriesD To make their skills faster and easier to be automated.14. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The increased use of automation will create more jobs.B People needn't worry about permanent job destruction

55、.C The poorer countries will not benefit from automation.D Tiic income gap between cities and rural regions will widen15. What can we conclude from the passage?A. Robots should be banned in the future because of the disadvantagesB Robots can do more and better than humans in complicated processesC T

56、he increasing need for manufactured goods partly contributes to robotization.D The negative effects of robotization will be evenly distributed around the world【答案】12C13. B 14. D 15. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了机器人越来越披长做人类的工作。这可能对经济有好处， 但也有一些严重的负而影响。【12题详解】细肖理解题。根据文章第五段"One potential downsize to the rob

57、ot revolution: automation could increase income inequality."（机器人革命的一个潜在缩减:自动化可能会加剧收入不平等。）可 知，机器人的替代将加剧收入不平等。故选C。13题详解】细 i'j理解题 ° 根据文章第六段"The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within die manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are

58、harder to automate. Thafs why urban areas will deal better with the mcreased automation, accordmg to the report."（右7 制造业中推动知识和创新的工人往往集中在较大的城市，而这些技能更难实现自动化。报告 称，这就是为什么城市地区将更好地应对自动化程度提高的原因。）可知，工人需要提髙他们 的创新能力和知识，以在未来与机器人竞争。故选B。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段"Tliat will lead to increased income mequality between cities and rural areas, as well as behveen regions."（这将导致城市和农村以及地区之间的收入不平