中考英语词性复习

1、词  性一名词  名词专有名词   普通名词个体名词 可数名词集体名词物质名词 不可数名词抽象名词(一)名词-noun缩写为 n.名词可以分为专有名词（proper nouns）和普通名词 (common nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如beijing，china等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book， milk等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（individual nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：boy , cat 。2）集体

2、名词（collective nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family ,class。3）物质名词（material nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：milk ,air。4）抽象名词（abstract nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work , help。  (三)名词的数的变化可数名词有复数形式，分为规则和不规则变化，1 规则变化 : 直接加-s              如：boo

3、k, pen teacher  student. etc 加-es 以x, s, (t)ch, sh  结尾的可数名词， 如：box，glass, watch, match, dish , wish. 以辅音字母加y 结尾，去y变i 加-es     如：story, country, city, factory dictionary family baby.注意：以元音字母加y结尾的则直接加s. :如：key, monkey, boy, toy

4、, way, play(戏剧) 以f 或fe结尾，变f为v 加-es     如：knife, leaf, shelf, thief, wife , half.2）单复同形 如：deer(鹿), sheep(绵羊), chinese, japaneseli(厘)，jin(斤)，yuan(元)，two li，three mu(亩)，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars. 总之，中国的单位没有复数而国外的有。3）集体名词，以单数形式出

5、现，但实为复数。如：people(人) police(警察) cattle(牲口) 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of(一头)cattle。二代词  第一人称第二人称第三人称主格i  weyoushe he it  they宾格me,usyouher him it them形容词性物主代词my, ouryourher his its their名词性物主代词mine, oursyourshers his its theirs

6、 一 代词的分类1 人称代词的主格和宾格 : 主格：在句中充当主语。                           宾格：在动词或介词后面充当宾语。2 物主代词。包括形容词性和名词性的物主代词。 形容词性的物主代词后面必须有名词，名词性物主代词后面不可有名词， 但要注意单复数。例：you have mo

7、re apples than i, buy mine are better than yours. (此处的mine指my apples,是复数)。反身代词，myself, themselves等。1 特别注意yourself有复数形式是yourselves    例： “enjoy_(you) ,” he said to the children. 此处用yourselves. 反身代词用于一些固定的短语。如：   hurt oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself to, tea

8、ch oneself,  look at oneself in the mirror, say to oneself. 2 不定代词，all, each, every, both, either, neither，none, one, little, few, many, much，other, another, some, any, no。 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词3 指示代词.表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数),these/those (复数)this,these指在方位上较近的人或物，t

9、hat,those指在方位上较远的人或物例：this is my shirt, thats yours.       these tvs are made in china, those are made in japan.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复例：these boxes are heavier than those on the desk.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that例：he was ill yesterday. im sorry to hear that.6疑问代词。用来构成特殊疑问句的代

10、词常见有：who  whom  whose  what which ，通常做主语宾语定语表语例：what makes you think like that ?    做主语 who(whom) were you talking with?    做宾语which bus do i need?  做定语whats your father?   做表语注意：在口语中，who和whom通用，但在介词后

11、只能用whom例：with whom did he play games?(正)with who did he play games?(错) 二人称代词使用时的注意事项：1. 分清its和its :  its 它的   例如: the clock has its face.   its=it is    例如：its a toy clock。2. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，名词是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。 &

12、#160; 例如： his brother is a soldier. mine is a driver and hers is an engineer.                 i left my clothes on the chair. where _his?          a friend of h

13、is/mine/yours= one of hisfriends3.  a friend of his /mine=one of his /my friends4.  冠词不能和形容词性物主代词一起连用例如：a my cat(wrong)5. this/that +single noun; these/those + plural noun.6. in the dialogue, it can be used to refer to (this/that), they refer to (these /those)7. that 可用来代替前面

14、提到过的单数名词或不可数名词，those代替复数名词  例如：the weather today is finer than that yesterday.        the radios made in beijing are as good as those made in shanghai. 三形容词一形容词的位置1形容词在句中be 后常作表语2在名词前叫定语，一般形容词用“的”。 二名词化的形容词the + (adj): 表一类人或物。 

15、60;   形容词作主语时，谓语动词为复数the rich, the poor, the old, the young等三形容词的变化1形容词有时是名词加y变的sun-sunny, ,wind-windy, snow-snowy, rain-rainy, cloud-cloudy, health-healthy,  luck-lucky, noise-noisy;2有时又是名词加ful变成形容词use-useful, care-careful, wonder-wonderful, beauty-beautiful,forgetful, help

16、-helpful ,hope- hopeful 3有时动词的过去时，过去分词和形容词一样worry-worried,    frighten-frightened,    frustrate-frustrated,    fry-fried 五形容词比较等级的用法、比较级than、the +比较级+ of +the +two 两个当中比较的一位、the +最高级+ of (in) +三者或以上、as+形容词原级+as、not so (as)+原级+as、the 比较级，the

17、 比较级：越.就越、比较级+ and + 比较级：越来越.、one of the  最高级+名词复数四副词一 副词（在句中有时用在动词后面或前面）1. 它的规则变化是形容词后加lyhelpful-helpfully, careful-carefully, quick-quickly, quiet-quietly, happy-happlily, noisy-noisily, lucky-luckily,      heavy-heavily,     wide-widely,

18、    easy-easily2. 只有三个去e加ly的terrible-terribly,          true-truly,       possible-possibly   3. 形容词和副词一样的late-late,   early-early,   long-long,   muc

19、h-much,   fast-fast, far, a little, much,   deep-deep.例： 1)he is late. he comes very late. 2)our school is quite far. they jumped too far. 三形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1).比较级加er, 最高级加est,如：fast-faster-fastest,            sh

20、ort-shorter-shorest,            long-longer-longest(2).以辅音字母加y 结尾时变y 为i加er,est,如：heavy-heavier-heaviest,        empty-emptier-emptiest,         early-

21、earlier-earliest,hungry-hungrier-hungiest,     easy-easier-easiest,              tidy-tidier-tidiest.(3).以e结尾的加r, st,nice-nicer-nicest,       wide-wider-widest,   &#

22、160;  fine-finer-finest,       late-latest(4).双写的有：big-bigger-biggest,           thin-thinner-thinnest,         fat-fatter-fattest,wet-wetter-wettest,  

23、60;        hot-hotter-hotter,            red-redder-reddest, (5).部分双音节和多音节的单词比较级加more,最高级加most。careful-more careful-most careful, friendly-more friendly-most friendly, , favourite-more favourite-most favourite, interesting, difficult, dangerous, popular, different, useful, forgetful, wonderful, beautiful注意：所有由形容词加ly变来的副词比较级加more, 最高级加most.slowly-more slowly-most slowly, loudly-more loudly-most loudly, heavily, quickly, quietly, carefully(6).不规则变化:good (well)-better- best