导学教程2017届高三英语二轮复习语法考点一点通四动词动词短语情态动词和虚拟语气课件

1、专题四动词、动词短语、情态专题四动词、动词短语、情态动词和虚拟语气动词和虚拟语气一、动词.动词的分类(根据动词在句子中的功能，动词可分为四大类)动词行为(实义)动词根据能否接宾语及物动词(带宾语)tell，ask，learn，produce，develop等不及物动词(不带宾语)go，work，come，rise，wait等根据词汇意义状态动词belong，exist，love，like，prefer等动作动词延续性动词work，sleep等非延续性动词arrive，open等动词连系动词表示人或事物的特征或状态be，appear，feel，look，seem，smell，sound，tast

2、e等表示状态的变化become，fall，go，get，grow，turn等表示状态的延续keep，remain等助动词必须与动词原形或分词构成谓语，不能独立作谓语be，do，have，shall，will，should，would等动词情态动词只作情态动词使用can，could，must，may，might，ought to可作情态动词，也可作助动词shall，should，will，would可作情态动词，也可作行为动词need，dare半情态动词had better，have to.助动词助动词功能热身训练先练后背do/does/did构成疑问句、否定句和强调谓语单句填空：Where_y

3、ou have your breakfast today?He_(的确) work as a teacher.He_(praise) for what he had done.The guests all_(leave) when he got to the party.We_(graduate) in three months.be(am/is/are/was/were)构成被动语态和进行时态have/has/had构成现在完成时和过去完成时will/shall/would构成将来时diddoeswas praisedhad leftwill graduate.易混动词归纳对比(1)lay(

4、放)，lie(躺)与lie(说谎)：这三个易混动词区分如下：语法填空：He_(lay) the table for supper when I went to see him.中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词was laying/had laid You_(lie)on the bed for almost a whole dayget up and do something.Dont believe her; she is_(lie)(2)rise和raise

5、：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 He_to his feet and_his hands to greet me warmly.have lain lying rose raised (3)hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。 I was attentively_what they were talking about, but_nothing.(4)see，watch和look: see强

6、调看的结果；watch则用作看电视、比赛，还有在旁观看之意；look一般用作不及物动词，强调动作。 I was_Im a Singer on TV when I heard a k n o c k a t t h e d o o r, a n d I o p e n e d t h e d o o r and_but_no one.listening to heard watching looked saw (5)wind和wound：wind意为“蜿蜒而行”，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为“伤害”，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。 We_our way th

7、rough the valleys, during which, some got_in the feet by thorny bushes.(6)hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 Many of his finest pictures_in the National Gallery.Sadam was_on March, 20, 2007.wound wounded hang/are hung hanged (7)sit与seat：seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，se

8、at如果表示就座时要用be seated或用seat oneself；sit只表示一个动作，为不及物动词。 Katherine was found_in the concert hall which_400 people.(8)borrow，lend与keep：“借入”用borrow，“借出”用lend，但这两个词都是非延续性动词(瞬间动词)，不能用于延续性动作，所以能借多久应用keep。 From her mother, Betty_the necklace, which her mother_for twenty years, and_it to her friend.seated/sit

9、ting seated borrowed had kept lent (9)win与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。 Our school team_the first two rounds of the match but was_by Xin Hua School in the final.won beaten (10)steal与rob：steal意为“偷”；rob意为“抢”，其用法不同。ste

10、al其后接物from某人/某地，而rob其后接人of抢的物品。 What a terrible day! the old lady was_of her handbag on the way home and on arriving home, she found her house broken into and a lot of possessions_.(11)fit与suit：fit用于尺寸、大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 Though the new dress_her very much in size it doesnt_her in colour.robbed

11、stolen fits suit (12)bring, take与fetch：“拿来、带来”是bring，“拿去、带走”是take，而“去取回来”是fetch。 Please_the bag of trash to the garbage can.Spring_warm weather and flowers.Could you run and_a doctor for me？(13)cost，spend和take：cost作“花费”讲，主语不能是人，spend的主语不能是物，而take作“花费”讲时，可用人也可用物作主语，更多的用法是用形式主语it。The apartment_me all

12、my savings, some of which I should have_buying a car, and it would_me a long time to save enough for that. take brings fetch cost spent take (14)have on，wear，put on与dress：have on与wear作穿着状态讲；但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣的动作，但用作状态时要用be dressed in；作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物

13、的名词。 _in black, I felt embarrassed at the party, where others were_colourful dresses._quickly and dont forget to_your socks.She_a bright silk dress at the gathering.Dressed wearing Dress put on had on/wore (15)begin与start：begin与start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词。但在下面的场合多要用start：机器的开动发动；旅途的开始。 After the

14、 tea break, we_to work, first having the machine_.(16)find与found：find“找到”的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词都是founded。 After two hours, he_himself in front of the university_in 1930s.began/started started found founded (17)advise(v.)，advice(n.)；accept(v.)，except(prep.)；pass(v.)，past(prep.)；b

15、athe(v.)，bath(n.)；breathe(v.)，breath(n.)；choose(v.)，choice(n.)；succeed(v.)，success(n.) My class asked me for some_on learning English and I often_them to practice more speaking.Its so airless in hereIm almost out of_；lets go out to_in some fresh air.adviceadvisedbreathbreathe(18)ring“摇铃，打铃，电话铃响”；str

16、ike专指“敲钟，打几点，撞击”。 T h e c l o c k w a s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 w h e n m y phone_； it was from my son.(19)discover“发现”，指找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西；invent“发明”，指研制出不存在的东西。 While the chemist tried to_a new drug, he_this antiinfection bacteria.striking rang invent discovered (20)stay“停留，逗留”； remain“遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分”

17、。 During the camping, some of us went to_in the local villagers homes while others_in the camp.(21)look指由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示有一定根据的判定，appear指外表印象而实际或结果并非如此。 It_to me that he isnt the right person for the job.Things arent always what they_to be.The twins_just like their mother.stay remained seems appear lo

18、ok (22)suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advise表示对经验不足人的一种忠告。 Liz_I try the shop on Mill Road.She_us when to come.suggestedadvised二、动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含义上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。.动词短语的构成动词副词(不及物)turn up 出现；调大； come up 出现；go off 爆炸， 消失， 响起动词副词(及物)turn off 关闭；take up从事；占据；pick up捡起；恢复动词介词(

19、及物)look for 寻找； care for喜欢；照料； get through 通过；完成动词副词介词look forward to 盼望； catch up with 赶上； come down with感染be形容词介词be proud of 以自豪；take interest in 对感兴趣复杂结构make up ones mind决心； wind ones way蜿蜒前进同一动词和不同介词搭配时look after照料；look at看；look for寻找同一动词和不同副词搭配时ring back回电话；ring off挂断电话；ring up打电话不同动词和同一介词搭配时lo

20、ok for寻找；ask for请求；wait for等候不同动词和同一副词搭配时carry out进行，开展；go out熄灭；hand out分发；let out放出；look out当心；sell out卖完；set out出发；work out算出.动词搭配(1)add to增加，增进add.to把加进add up相加add up to总计，合计(2)break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开break off暂停，中断break in强行进入，插话break into闯入break into pieces成为碎片bre

21、ak out爆发break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，结束break through突破(3)bring up抚养，呕吐，提出bring about造成bring out使某物出现，出版bring in引入，引进，赚得bring back使回想起bring down使下降，使倒下(4)call on号召，要求call for要求，需要call up打电话给，征召入伍call in召来，打电话来(工作单位等)call off取消，不举行(5)come about发生，出现come down下跌，落下，下降come in进来come on改善，快点come out出版，结果是come along一道来

22、，进展come to达到come over走过来come up被提出，走近come across偶然碰到come back回来come from来自，源自(6)cut across抄近路cut down砍倒，削减cut off切断，割掉，使与外界隔绝cut up切碎cut through开辟cut out删(省)掉cut in插嘴(7)die of (disease/hunger)死于(疾病、饥饿)die from死于(意外事故)die away渐渐消逝die out绝种，灭绝die down(炉火)渐熄(8)fall behind落后fall over ones feet 跌跤fall do

23、wn掉下，跌倒fall back撤退，后退 fall asleep入睡fall in love with爱上，迷上(9)go in for从事，喜爱，参加go through通过，经受go over复习，检查go up(价格)上涨go after追捕，追赶go against违反go ahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧go away离开go by时间过去go down下沉，降低，(日、月)落下go on(with)继续进行go with相配go without没有也行go out外出，熄灭go off爆炸，变坏，断电go back on违背，食言go beyond超出(10)get down记

24、下，使沮丧get down to开始做某事get on进展，进步，上车get off脱下，下车get in收集，插(话)get away 逃跑，逃脱，休假get over克服，从疾病中恢复get along with进展，相处get up起床get through打通电话，用完，耗尽get close to sth.接近get back取回，收回(11)give away赠送，泄露，出卖give out发出，用完，分发，公布give off发出(光、热、气体)give in (to sb.) 屈服give up放弃，让(座位)(12)hand in交上，提交hand out分发hand dow

25、n公布，传给(后代)(13)hang about闲逛hang up挂电话hang on坚持下去；不挂断；握住不放(14)hold back阻止，隐瞒hold up举起，阻碍hold on别挂电话，等，坚持hold out持续，坚持，伸出(15)keep up (courage，English，spirits)保持keep up with跟上keep off (grass)不接近，离开keep away from避开，不接近，离远远的keep to 坚持，遵守keep on继续keep back阻止，隐瞒keep from克制，阻止(16)knock at/on敲knock into撞到某人身上

26、knock down撞倒knock out of把敲出knock over撞倒knock off停止工作，降价(17)look up查找，向上看look through翻阅，浏览look on旁观look on.as把看作look into调查look after/at/for 照顾/看/寻找look out(for)当心look about/around/round四下查看look down upon瞧不起look back (upon)回忆，回顾look sb.up and down仔细打量某人look over检查，查看(18)make up编造，化妆，组成make up for弥补ma

27、ke into/of/from 制成make out应付，看清，开具，理解make for向移动；促使(19)pay back还钱，报复pay for付钱，为受到惩罚，因得到报应pay off还清，付清(20)pick up拾起，获得(information)，接人，收听，自然习得(language/knowledge)，恢复重获(pick up health)pick out挑选，辨认，看出(21)put up搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿put up with忍受put out伸出，扑灭put off推迟put into放进，翻译put away放好，存钱put down记下，平息put o

28、n穿戴，上映，增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出，提前put aside放到一边put back放回(22)run across偶然碰到run after追逐，追捕run away逃跑run for竞选run into偶然碰到(困难)、遇见(人)，相撞run out of用完(23)see off送行see through看透，识破see to照料，照管(24)send for派人去请send off送行send out发出(光亮)等send up发射(25)set up建立set off爆炸，引起set out动身，着手(to do)，陈述set ab

29、out开始着手(doing)set back使推迟(26)take off脱掉，起飞take on呈现，雇用take away拿走take in吸收，领会take up从事，占用(时间、空间)take down记录，取下take back收回take over接管take charge of负责take sth.for granted想当然take pride in以为自豪take the place of 代替take turns to do轮流做take office就职(27)think of想起think of.as把看作think out想出think up想出think about

30、考虑think over仔细考虑think well of sb.对某人看法好(28)turn off/on 关上/打开turn over翻身，认真思考，翻转turn out证明是，结果是turn to转向，求助turn down调低，拒绝turn against变得敌视turn back 原路返回，往回走turn round转过身来turn up 露面，出现，音量调大turn in上缴turn upside down使倒置，弄得乱七八糟三、情态动词.情态动词基本用法情态动词用法热身训练先练后背(1)can/could能力(体力，智力，技能)He_speak five foreign lang

31、uages when he was young.You_take two books home with you._the news be true?允许或许可(口语中常用)可能性(表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中)could can Can/Could 情态动词用法热身训练先练后背(2)may/might可以(问句中表示请求)_I ask you a question?She_come to the party, but Im ot sure._all your dreams come true!可能，或许(表推测)祝愿(用于倒装句中)(3)must必须，应该(表主观要求)Must I come

32、 too？Yes, you_.No, you_.He_be in，for the light is on.肯定，想必(肯定句中表推测)May/Can may/might May must neednt must 情态动词用法热身训练先练后背(4)have to只好，不得不(客观的必须，有时态人称变化)Ill_be back before ten oclock.(5)ought to应当(表示义务责任，口语中多用should)You ought _(take) careof your parents.(6)shall用于一、三人称表示征求对方意见_he have a try?Dont worry

33、；you_get your car on Saturday.用于二、三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁、规定等have to to take Shall shall 情态动词用法热身训练先练后背(7)should应当，应该(表义务责任)You_be more patient in future.The roads_be less crowded todayit is raining.想必；应该(表示推测)(8)will意愿，决心Do what you_and leave others for someone else.She_read books whenever I see her.倾向性，习

34、惯性shouldshouldwillwill情态动词用法热身训练先练后背(9)would愿意She said she_take care of the child.When I was a child, I_go swimming in summer.过去的习惯(10)dare敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)How_(敢)you talk like that?wouldwoulddare情态动词用法热身训练先练后背(11)need需要，必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)Need I help you with your cooking?Yes, you_.No, you_.(12)used to过去常

35、常(现在已不再)He used_(smoke), but he no longer smokes.mustneedntto smoke.情态动词have done类别意义热身训练先练后背cant have done绝不可能做过The accident could _(avoid), but the driver drove too fast.He cant _(pass) the testhe looks sad.He_have arrived there by now, but youd better call him to make sure.could have done本来能做但却没做

36、may/might have done可能做过must have done一定做过neednt have done本来不必做某事，而实际上做了should/ought to have done本该做某事，而实际上没做would have done本来会，而实际上没有发生have been avoided have passed may/might 类别意义热身训练先练后背would like to have done过去愿意做但却没做It_have rained yesterday，as the ground is wet.I actually_have bought so much food

37、only three people came.You should_(come) here five minutes earlier.I would like _(go) to your party，but my cousin came.neednthave comemay to have gone.情态动词的惯用法类别意义热身训练先练后背cannot .too/enough无论怎么都不为过；越越好You cannot be_careful.I cannot_admire your bravery.He_well be proud of his son.You_as well do it at

38、 once.If you_(偏要) know，I am twice my sons age.Its surprising that she_say that.cannot but do sth.不得不have to do sth.may well do sth.很可能be likely to do sth.may as well do sth.最好had better do sth.must偏偏，偏要should竟然(表示对某事不理解，惊异之意)toobutmay/mightmay/mightmustshould四、虚拟语气.虚拟语气在从句中的应用类别用法热身训练先练后背if引导的条件从句与现

39、在事实相反从句动词：过去式(be用were)主句动词：should/would/could/might动词原形If he_(be) here, he would help us.If I_(be)free，I would have visited you.If it_rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.If he_(live)here, we would often get together swimming and fishing.If I had known your number, I would_(get) in touch with you.与

40、过去事实相反从句动词：had过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should动词原形/were不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might动词原形werehad beenshouldlivedhave got类别用法热身训练先练后背其他状语从句as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they_(be) friends for years.宾语从句demand，suggest，order，insist后接的从句中动词为should动词原形He suggested that we_(not change) our mind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和should/would动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反I wish I_(have)a good rest this weekend.How I wish I_(take)your advice.had beennot changewould havehad taken类别用法热身训练先练后背主语从句在It is necessary/important/strange that.，It