人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解

1、人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解(1)detailed solution for unit 1 how often do you exercise？【重要词汇】 ever/5ev/adv. 曾经 once/wqns/adv. 一次 twice/twais/adv. 两次 internet/5intnet/n. 互联网 program/5prjgram/ n. 节目单， （电脑）程序 hilltop/5hiltcp/n. 山顶 result/ri5zqlt/n. 结果， 成果 key/ki:/ n. 提醒，提示， 线索， 答案 translate/trans5leit/ v. 翻译 so

2、ng/scn/ n. 歌曲 junk/dvqnk/n. 垃圾， 破烂物，废弃的旧物 milk/milk/n. 牛奶 interviewer/5intvju:(r)/ n. 采访者 habit/5habit/n.习惯，习性 difference/5difrns/n. 不同，差异，区别 grade/greid/ n. 分数，成绩，年级 although/c:l5tj/conj. 虽然，即使，纵然 unhealthy/qn5helwi/ adj.不健康的， 不益健康的 skateboarding/5skeit9c:din/ n. 溜滑板运动【重要词组】 how often 多久一次 as for至于

3、，关于 junk food 垃圾食品 eating habit 饮食习惯 of course 当然 look after 照顾，照看 start with 以开始 make a difference 使得结果不同，有重要性 go shopping 去购物 have a party 聚会 go to the movie 去看电影 once a week 每周一次 hardly ever 很少 twice a week 每周两次 three times a week 每周三次 watch tv看电视 on weekend 在周末 do homework 做作业 a lot of 许多 try to

4、 do试图（努力）做某事 help sb (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 the same as和相同 keep in good health 保持身体健康【重要词句详解】1. lets look at the following words and their usage（让我们看看下面的这些词及其用法）.always 一直，总是       usually 通常 often  经常      sometimes 有时候 hardly ever 很少，几乎没有

5、60;    never 从不这些词都是表示频率的副词, 但是在程度上有差别。通常用于一般现在时。如：    i always have some milk for my breakfast.  我早餐总是喝牛奶。    he usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning.  他通常早上6：30起床。    he often does homework before dinner time.  他经常晚餐前做作业。

6、    he sometimes goes to movies on friday evening. 他有时周五晚上去看电影。    i hardly /ever eat out at noon. 我很少中午在外就餐。    i never arrive late for school. 我从没有到校晚过。seldom/rarelyseldom,表示频率，很少，不常，反义词oftenrarely,很少地，难得地，少见地 he seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。i rarely e

7、at in restaurants. 我很少在饭馆吃饭。2. 英语中表次数的用法    once一次,  twice两次,   three times三次,  four times四次     我们可以看出表示次数的词，除了“一次，两次”特殊外，后面的次数都是“基数词+times”构成。    另外同学们还要记住以下词组：    once （twice） a day/ week/ month/ year每天（周/月/年）一（两）次

8、60; 3. all, most, some, no 的用法及差异。    all “所有的，全体的”    all students do homework after school.    last night, i cooked all the vegetables in the fridge.    most “大多数的”    most students play computer games on weekends.

9、0;   some “一些”    some students go to english movies every day.    no “没有”，注意这里no是形容词。    no students read english novels.    我们可以看出：    all, most, some, no 放在名词的前面做定语，表示数量的多少。  4. my mother wants me to drink i

10、t. 我妈妈想要我喝。    want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事。e.g.    i want you to help me with my math.我想要你帮我学数学。  5. she says its good for health. 她说喝牛奶对健康有益。    be good for 对有好处。e.g.    eating vegetables and fruit is good for our health.   

11、  doing eye-exercise is good for our eyes.  6. how many hours do you sleep every night? 你每天晚上睡几个小时？    这是一个特殊疑问句。“how many +名词”构成了特殊疑问词。    注意：how many 后跟可数名词的复数形式。e.g.    how many apples do you have?    how many students are ther

12、e in your class?    如果名词是不可数名词，要用“how much +不可数名词”。 e.g.    how much milk do you drink each time?    how much water do we need every day?  【课文解析3a】 but im pretty healthy i exercise every day, usually when i come home from school and my eating habits

13、are pretty good i try to eat a lot of vegetables, usually ten to eleven times a week and i eat fruit every day and i drink milk every day of course, i love junk food, too, but i try to eat it only once a week, oh, and i sleep nine hours every night so you see, i look after my health and my healthy l

14、ifestyle helps me get good grade good food and exercise help me to study better 1 pretty表示“十分”作副词用，我们以前学过quite和very也有这种意思。其中它们的程度由浅入深为quiteprettyverye.g. he is quite serious it sounds pretty good nina can sing english songs very well 2i exercise every day, usually when i come home from school 我每天锻炼身

15、体，通常是放学后。 3 eating habits“饮食习惯”。 4 try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事”。 try to get here early he tried to pass the exam 5 ten to eleven times a week“每周十到十一次”。 注意这种表达。“to”为介词。 翻译：（1）两到三次。 twice to three times （2）每月四到五次。four to five times a month 6 of course “当然”。 7 so you see, i look after my health“所以你看，我很在意我的健

16、康”。 look after 意为“照顾、照看”。e.g. can you look after my baby when i leave? please look after your own bags carefully look还可以和许多词搭配，但意思不一样。 （1）look at“看，认真地看”。e.g. please look at the blackboard some people are looking at the notice （2）look for“寻找”。e.g. old henry looked for his dogs, but he didnt find it

17、im looking for my lost pen 8 good food and exercise help me to study better好的饮食和锻炼帮助我学得更好。 help sb. to do sth. better帮助某人把某事做得更好。e.g.she helps me to know the information for going abroad better.她帮我更好地了解到出国的信息。help sb. with sth.帮某人做某事。e.g.stella helps me with my history. 【重要句型】  1. what do

18、you usually do on weekends? 你通常周末做什么？  2. i usually play soccer. 我通常踢足球。  3. what does he do on weekends?他周末做什么？  4. he sometimes watches tv. 他有时候看电视。  5. how often do you shop? 你多长时间购物一次？  6. i shop once a month. 我一个月购物一次。  7. how often does he watch tv?他多长时间看一次电视？

19、0; 8. he watches tv twice a week. 他每周看两次电视。 【由how often谈起】我们已经学习了always, usually, often, sometimes, never等表示时间频度的副词。这些词通常用来说明在一段时间内做某事的多少或某种状态存在的次数的多少。例如：we usually get up at half past six 我们通常六点半起床。sometimes he goes to see his grandpa on weekends 周末，他有时候去看望爷爷。但是，在日常生活中，我们不可能总是用陈述句来表达自己的或他人的一些行

20、动，或者事物所存在的状态。我们还要向对方提出一些问题，请求对方回答。在这种情况下，我们还要用疑问句。请看下面几组对话：1 how often do you play football?   i usually play football after school2 how often does mary go to the concert?   she often goes to it on saturday evening3how often does my daughter take the medicine?  three times a

21、 day不知大家是否注意到，我们针对上面所说的频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某种动作的次数”的状语提问时，都要用how often。换句话说，如果要回答由how often提问的句子，我们通常要用频度副词或诸如every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等来回答。e.g.4 how often do you borrow books from the library?   twice a month5 how often does your mother do the washing?&#

22、160;  she does it every day6 how often can you go to the movie?   once a week在大家所做的练习中，常见的有“句型转换”。这种题型有一种“就划线部分提问”，要求针对陈述句中的划线部分提出问题（也就是把陈述句变成特殊疑问句），其中就有针对上面所说的频度副词或every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等提问的句子。这时候自然要用how often来提问了。e.g.jack watches tv three

23、times a week how often does jack watch tv?our school has a sports meeting twice a year how often does your school have a sports meeting?要注意的是，陈述句在变成这种特殊疑问句时，其结构是：how often+助动词+主语+实义动词+其它成分？或：how often+系动词 be+主语 +其它成分？how often ?和how long ?    1） how often do you watch tv? 你多长时间看一次电视？&

24、#160;   回答可以是下面的任何一种：    every day./ once a week./three times a week./ often./     2）how long do you usually watch tv?你通常看多长时间电视？     回答可以是下面的任何一种：    about one hour./ three hours. / thirty minutes./    从以上例句中可

25、以看出：    how often 意为“多久一次”；how long 意为“多长时间”。【语法知识聚焦】一般现在时the simple present tense 一般现在时的特殊疑问句    lets look at the following sentences first（让我们先看看下面的句子）.    1) what do you usually do on weekends?     2) what does he do on weekends? &#

26、160;  3) how often do you shop?     4) how often does he watch tv?    5) how many hours do you sleep every night?    一般现在时的特殊疑问句的构成：    特殊疑问词+一般疑问句    这里的特殊疑问词指 what, what time, where, when, which, who, whom, whose, why,

27、 how, how  many, how much, how long, how often一般现在时表示现在的状态he is twelve. 他十二岁。they are at home. 他们在家。表示经常性或习惯性的动作i go to school at seven every day.he plays soccer on sundays.表示主语具备的性格和能力等she likes apples.they speak japanese.she is medium build.肯定式i am a cleaner.you are right.he / she / it is her

28、e.we / you / they are outgoing 否定式i am not ayou are nothe / she / it is notwe / you / they are not否定式和疑问式we go to school at seven every day.we dont go to school at seven.do you go to school at seven?yes, we do.（no, we dont.）否定式和疑问式he goes to school at seven every day. he doesnt go to school at seven

29、.does he go to school at seven?yes, he does.(no, he doesnt.)一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. i often read books in the evening2. do they usually go to school by bike?3. he doesnt like milk. he never drinks it.4. sometimes my mother gets back at five.一般现在

30、时常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on sunday(s), at seven 等。do they have math in the morning?she sleeps nine hours every night.it takes me two hours to do my homework every day.they dont have classes on sundays.动词第三人称单数的构成：1、直接加-slooklooks re

31、adreads playplaysstopstops2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加-esmissmissesfixfixes watchwatcheswashwashes gogoes do-does3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i，再加-escarry carries study studies hurry hurries cry cries4.特殊的have - has 【语法练习】 选择填空( ) 1.a: how often _ she exercise? b: twice a week. a. do b. does c. doingd. did( ) 2. i _ li

32、ke to drink milk.a.not b. doesnt c. dont d. no( ) 3. good food and exercise _ me to study bettter.a. help b. helps c. helping d. to help( ) 4. is her lifestyle(生活方式) the same _ yours or different?a. as b. in c. at d. to( ) 5. i like _ for breakfast.a. a bookb. a rulerc. an egg d. a sofa( ) 6. the _a

33、re $21.a. glasses b. shoe c. table d. bike( ) 7. tennis _ my favourite sport.a. are b. is c. am d. be( ) 8. i have a tennis and my friend jim _ two tennis rackets.a. have b. play c. plays d. has( ) 9. “lets play computer games.”“that _ interesting.”a. looks b. sounds c. listens d. reads( )10. my fat

34、her likes football. but he _ it. he only _ football matches on tv!a. plays, watches b. play, watchc. doesnt play, watches d. plays, doesnt watch 【参考答案与解题思路】 【参考答案】1. b 2. c 3. a 4. a 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. d 9. b 10. c【解题思路】1. 本题考查助动词do和does 的用法。在疑问句或否定句中，当主语为第三人称单数时，主动词用does, 因此，答案为b.2.本题考查助动词do和does 的用

35、法。因为 i 不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为c.3.此题为判断和理解型试题, good food and exercise 是两项事物，因此主语不是第三人称单数形式，因此，答案为 a. 4.本题考查固定短语 the same as 的用法，答案为a. 5.本题考查辨认食品类单词, 只有egg是食品, 故答案为c.6.本题考查动词be的用法, 但考察方法与前面第小题不同根据题中的are来判定应该用名词复数故答案为a. 7.本题考查动词be的用法, 虽然tennis是以-s结尾，但是，它是单数名词，因此，答案为b. 8. 本题考查动词have, has的用法，由于jim 是第三人称单数，所以，

36、答案为d. 9.本题考查交际用语 “that sounds interesting.”的使用，因此，答案为b. 10.本题考查一般现在时的用法，首先根据题中my father likes football.和but的提示, 判定第一个空应选择doesnt play,又根据on tv而得到答案watches, 故答案为c. 【综合能力检测】 一根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。1. hamburger is a kind of j_ _ _ food. i hardly ever eat hamburgers.2. i surf the in_ _ _ _ _ _ every day.3

37、. look! the old people are on the hill_ _ _. they climb the hills once a week.4. tom studies english best in our class. he has a big v_ c_b_l_r_.5. my grandparents exercise twice a week to st_ _ healthy.6. some students watch tv three or four t_ _ _ _ a week.7. does it m_ _ _ a big difference if you

38、 eat fruit every day?8. its very important to have a good eating h_ _ _ _.9. i never go shopping. i cant st_ _ _ shopping.10. she often g_ _ _ to the movies on weekends.二.连词成句1. what, usually, you do, on, do weekends?_?2. how often, your brother, does, take, a, shower?_?3. i, nine , hours, sleep, ev

39、ery , night._.4. betty, milk, drinks, every, morning._.5. some, students, once, watch, tv, or, twice, a, week._.三.方框选词hardly, cleaning, take, gave, try, to play, visiting, exercises, went , goes1. i _ a shower every night.2. my father _ ever watches tv in the evening.3. thanks for _ me.4. mary often

40、 _ to the movies on weekends.5. grandma is pretty healthy because she _ every day.6. you must _ to eat less meat.7. i like _ basketball.8. what did you do in summer holidays? i _ to hongkong with my parents.9. my mother _ me a new bike on my birthday .10.what are you doing? we are _ our room.四. 根椐括号

41、中所给提示词语，回答问题。1. what do you usually do on weekends?( climb the hill)_.2. how often do you go to the movies? ( once a year)_3. how often does your brother play soccer? ( three or four times a week)_4. what does your mother do at home? ( watch tv)_5. are you healthy? (yes)_ 五.写作根据表格内容写一篇50字的短文。nameexe

42、rcisevegetablesfruitmilkjunk foodsleeppeterevery day7 times a weekevery dayevery dayonce a weekninehoursjohnhardlysometimesnevernever3 and 4 times a weekninehourspeter is pretty healthy. he exercises every day._john is unhealthy . he hardly ever exercises._ 【答案与解析】 一根椐题意和所给的字母提示，填入正确的单词。1. junk 2. i

43、nternet3. hilltop4. vocabulary 5. stay6. times7. make 8. habit9. stand10. goes 二.连词成句1. what do you usually do on weekends?2. how often does your brother take a shower? 3. i sleep nine hours every night.4. betty drinks milk every morning.5. some students watch tv once or twice a week.三.方框选词1. take 2. hardly 3. visiting 4. goes 5. exercises 6. try7. to play8. went 9. gave 10. cleaning解析：1. 本题